Galeazzi fractures in child is rare and seldom necessary of operative treatment because the result of conservative treatment is good. We present the patient who was a 11-year-old male and fell onto his both hands during a hundred-meter dash. His diagnosis was bilateral Galeazzi fractures and limited open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner pins was initial treatment at local hospital. After 4 weeks postoperatively, Kirschner pins were removed and rehabilitating exercise was started. After 4 months postoperatively, he was transferred to our hospital due to malunion with severe angular deformities and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation. He was treated with corrective osteotomy. Thus, as in this case, we suggest more careful treatment and observation if conservative method of Galeazzi fracture in child is chosen and consider operative method as treatment according to age and pattern of fracture.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Osteotomy

BACKGROUND: Propofol is a widely-used intravenous anesthetic with a rapid onset, short duration of action and rapid elimination but the molecular mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Not only neurons but astrocytes are potential substrates for anesthetics, specifically for propofol. Intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2 ]i) is known to play a key role in the transduction and propagation of various chemical signals in astrocytes. METHODS: In the present study, the effects of propofol on the intracellular calcium concentration of astrocytoma cells by using a fura-2 fluorescence spectroscopy was investigated. RESULTS: In an isotonic standard solution, propofol (50 and 500microM) produced a transient increase in [Ca2 ]i while the intralipid did not change [Ca2 ]i. In several cells (20%), a transient increase in [Ca2 ]i was followed by sustained elevation which was sensitive to depletion of external calcium. A propofol-induced increase in [Ca2 ]i was not altered by an L-type calcium channel blocker (nifedipine 2microM). In cells bathed in a Ca2 -free external solution, a transient increase in [Ca2 ]i was observed. After the pretreatment of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 -ATPase blocker, propofol 500microM did not produce any significant increase in [Ca2 ]i. Carbachol, which is known to release calcium from the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-induced calcium release (IICR) stores, prevented the [Ca2 ]i increase by propofol and vice versa. High concentrations of caffeine (10 mM), which release calcium from the calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) stores, had no effect on [Ca2 ]i. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, it is suggested that an increase in [Ca2 ]i by propofol in astrocytoma cells is mainly due to calcium release from the IICR stores.
Anesthetics ; Astrocytes ; Astrocytoma* ; Baths ; Caffeine ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Calcium* ; Carbachol ; Cytosol* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Fura-2 ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; Neurons ; Propofol* ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

It has been suggested that green juice supplementation may have some health promoting benefits. We evaluated the effects of green juice (Angelica keiskei) consumption on parameters of lipid profiles and plasma antioxidant status in healthy male smokers. Fifty-four smokers were supplemented with 300 ml of green juice for 6 weeks while maintaining their normal diet. Blood samples were collected on week 0 and week 6 in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) , plasma antioxidant vitamin levels (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin and lycopene) , the degree of LDL oxidation and GOT, GPT levels for liver function. Plasma ascorbic acid level remained at the same level. However, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol normalized by total cholesterol (p<0.05) and beta-carotene (p<0.001) level were all significantly increased after green juice supplementation. Plasma cholesterol was reduced for 12%, LDL-cholesterol was reduced for 9.3% after green juice consumption, while plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was not changed. Oxidized LDL assessed by conjugated diene (CD) , was decreased (p<0.0001) after green juice consumption. These results further support a role for green juice supplementation in the improvement of lipid status, prevention of lipid peroxidation, and thereby reducing risk factors of numerous diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress in smokers.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Ascorbic Acid ; beta Carotene ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; gamma-Tocopherol ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma* ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Vegetables* ; Vitamins

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The etiology and the pathophysiology of nasal polyps are still not definitely known and recently, it is suggested that inflammatory responses involving eosinophils may play a major role. The process of the infiltration of eosinophils in tissues is explained by the increase of the movement of eosinophils to the inflammatory area and the delay of apoptosis which results in the longer survival of eosinophils. Recently, there have been studies showing how eosinophils extracted from blood expressed their anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL genes and pro-apoptotic Bax genes when put in a delayed apoptotic condition. The purpose of this study is to investigate Bcl-xL and Bax expressions of eosinophils in nasal polyps and how allergic rhinitis affect their expressions. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Nasal polyps were obtained from patients with chronic paranasal sinusitis (30 cases) and nasal polyps were divided into two groups, one obtained from the patient with allergic rhinitis (15 cases) and the other obtained from the patient without allergic rhinitis (15 cases). The normal control group consisted of 5 cases of normal nasal mucosa in the inferior turbinate. The immunohistochemical stain was used to detect eosinophils and the cells expressing Bcl-xL and Bax. RESULTS: In nasal polyps, a significant statistical correlation between eosinophil numbers and Bcl-xL positive cell numbers was detected. But there was no correlation between them in the normal control. The Bax positive cell numbers had a correlation to eosinophil numbers in both the normal control and nasal polyps. And allergic rhinitis did not affect the expression of Bcl-xL and Bax of eosinophils in nasal polyps. CONCLUSION: The authors propose that in eosinophils of nasal polyps, Bcl-xL plays an important role in delayed apoptosis and allergic rhinitis has no effect on the expression of Bcl-xL and Bax.
Apoptosis ; Cell Count ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps* ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Turbinates

The association of malignancy with glomerulonephritis is well known. The most frequent observed renal lesions associated with malignancy are the membranous glomerulonephritis on carcinoma and minimal change nephrotic syndrome on Hodgkin's disease. Recently, IgA nephropathy associated with liver disease, connective tissue disease, gastrointestinal disease, dermatologic disease, hematologic disease and malignancy were reported. But the relationship between malignancy and IgA nephropathy is not clearly resolved. Here we report a case of IgA nephropathy associated with early gastirc cancer. Successful treatment of early gastric cancer didn't completely resolve the IgA nephropathy but led to a significant reduction of hematuria and loss of proteinuria. Therefore we suggest that a certain association between IgA nephropathy and early gastric cancer can be made by studying the course of the disease.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematuria ; Hodgkin Disease ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Liver Diseases ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Proteinuria ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (PNIFR) is a useful technique for obtaining a quick measure of nasal obstruction and changes in PNIFR, reflecting changes in symptoms. The aim of the present study was to correlate changes in nasal obstruction symptoms with changes in several parameters of acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow metry (PNIFM) before and after decongestion and to examine whether changes in PNIFR correlate with changes in nasal cross-sectional areas and volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of the current study were 30 patients with nasal obstruction symptoms and 20 normal subjects. Subjective nasal patency was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). We measured PNIFR and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), cross-sectional area at distances of 3.3 (CA3.3), 4.0 (CA4.0), and 6.4 (CA6.4) cm from the nostril and volume from the nostril 6.4 cm (V6.4) towards the choanae, in each nasal cavity before and after decongestion. RESULTS: The VAS had no significant correlation with PNIFR, each cross-sectional area and volume in bilateral nasal cavities before decongestion. There was a significant correlation between the changes in VAS and PNIFR and MCA before and after decongestion. There was a significant correlation between changes in PNIFR and MCA and CA3.3 in one side and both sides of nasal cavity before and after decongestion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PNIFM and AR may have no sensitive diagnostic values in estimating the severity of nasal obstruction symptoms in the nondecongested state of the bilateral nasal cavities, but PNIFM and AR can be recommended especially in provocation studies because PNIFR and MCA reflect changes in subjective symptoms by mucosal changes.
Acoustics* ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction* ; Nasopharynx ; Rhinometry, Acoustic*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (PNIFR) is a useful technique for obtaining a quick measure of nasal obstruction and changes in PNIFR, reflecting changes in symptoms. The aim of the present study was to correlate changes in nasal obstruction symptoms with changes in several parameters of acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow metry (PNIFM) before and after decongestion and to examine whether changes in PNIFR correlate with changes in nasal cross-sectional areas and volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of the current study were 30 patients with nasal obstruction symptoms and 20 normal subjects. Subjective nasal patency was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). We measured PNIFR and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), cross-sectional area at distances of 3.3 (CA3.3), 4.0 (CA4.0), and 6.4 (CA6.4) cm from the nostril and volume from the nostril 6.4 cm (V6.4) towards the choanae, in each nasal cavity before and after decongestion. RESULTS: The VAS had no significant correlation with PNIFR, each cross-sectional area and volume in bilateral nasal cavities before decongestion. There was a significant correlation between the changes in VAS and PNIFR and MCA before and after decongestion. There was a significant correlation between changes in PNIFR and MCA and CA3.3 in one side and both sides of nasal cavity before and after decongestion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PNIFM and AR may have no sensitive diagnostic values in estimating the severity of nasal obstruction symptoms in the nondecongested state of the bilateral nasal cavities, but PNIFM and AR can be recommended especially in provocation studies because PNIFR and MCA reflect changes in subjective symptoms by mucosal changes.
Acoustics* ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction* ; Nasopharynx ; Rhinometry, Acoustic*

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulate adipocyte differentiation and modulate intracellular insulin-signaling events. As such, PPARgamma is a candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of our study was to examine the relationship between genetic variation of PPARgamma2 and diabetes and obesity in Korean subjects. METHODS: We studied 99 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 128 obesity patients and 97 controls. Screening for mutation at codon 12 and 115 of PPARgamma2 were carried out by PCR-RFLP analyses. Statistical significance was evaluated by Chi-square test. RESULTS: The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPARgamma2 variant were 0.05 in controls, 0.06 in type 2 diabetes group, and 0.07 in obesity group (p=0.47). Pro115Gln variant were only proline homozygote in all groups. Genotype frequencies were also similar and conformed to expectations of the Hardy-Weinberg rule. The presence of PPARgamma2 gene variant was no associated with concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and also with fasting glucose. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the Pro12Ala and Pro115Gln PPARgamma2 missense mutation may not be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Korean patients.
Adipocytes ; Cholesterol ; Codon ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glucose ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Mass Screening ; Mutation, Missense ; Obesity* ; Peroxisomes ; PPAR gamma* ; Proline ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although allergic rhinitis is one of the most common factors associated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis, the role of allergy in the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was not well defined. This study is aimed to determine whether the allergy or factors such as nasal polyp, asthma, aspirin sensitivity can induce more extensive chronic rhinosinusitis, and to determine whether the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis depends on the severity of allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 98 chronic rhinosinusitis patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery were evaluated. The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis was assessed by CT scores and symptom scores. An allergic prick test, MAST (Multiple-antigen simultaneous test), the total IgE, and a serum eosinophil count were evaluated for diagnosis and assessment of the severity of allergy. Influences of another factors such as nasal polyp, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity to the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis were evaluated. RESULTS: Although the symptom scores of allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients were greater than those of non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients, there were no CT score differences between the two groups. Differences in the CT scores and symptom scores in allergic chronic rhinosinusitis patients according to the severity of allergy were statistically insignificant. Nasal polyp, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity did not induce more severe chronic rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION: Allergy may be associated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis, but the severity of allergy is not correlated to the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Aspirin ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Nasal Polyps ; Rhinitis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Glucocorticoids are currently the most potent medication available for the treatment of nasal polyposis and allergic rhinitis, but exact mechanisms and cellular targets in the nasal mucosa are uncertain. Multifactorial effects of glucocorticoid are initiated by their binding to a specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We performed this study to investigate the localization and distribution ot' human 4R and GR j3 isoform in nasal mucosa and to examine the influence of allergy and eosinophilic infiltration on GR and GR betaisoform expression in nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyps (NP), middle turbinate mucosa (MT) and inferior turbinate (IT) mucosa were taken from 40 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. We examined to have concomitant allergic rhinitis. Specimens were stained to quantify eosinophils and immunohistochemically stained to quantify GR and GR beta isaform in the unit area of tissues. RESULTS: Immunostaining of GR and GR betaisoform was predominantly localized in epithelial cell and infiltrating inflammatory cell in subepithelial layer, with lesser amounts in the endothelial cells and in the cells surrounding glands. Immunostaining of GR was mostly co-expressed with GR beta isoform. No correlation was found between Gk and GR beta isoform expression in subepithelial layer and the intensity of eosinophilic inflammation and allergy in NP. There was no significant differences in GR and GR beta isoform expression between NP, MT, and IT. CONCLUSION: Epithelial cells may be an important site of action for intranasal steroids, and the increased number of eosinophils infiltrating the mucosa and allergy did not amplify the number of immunostaining of GK and GR beta isoform.
Cytoplasm ; Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Mucosa* ; Nasal Polyps* ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid* ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Steroids ; Turbinates