No abstract available.
Hirschsprung Disease

No abstract available.
Emphysema* ; Tuberculosis*

The aims of treatment of children with CDH untreated until walking age should be to reestablish the mechanics of the hip joint and avoid complications, especially avascular necosis, thus delaying the devlopment of osteoarthritis. In the child who is first seen between the ages of one and three years, considerable controversy still exists as to the merit of closed versus operative management. The average 29.3 months follow-up results in fifty congenitally dislocated hips in forty-five children with were between six and thirty-six months old when treatment was begun have been reviewed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, In Je University, College of Medicine, Paik Hospital from June, 1979 to Aug, 1989. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Factors affecting method of treatment were age, degree of dislocation and acetabular index; A. Age 1) The children below ages of 18 months were treatment by closed reduction. 2) The children below ages of 18 months were treatment by open reduction with concomittant procedures. B. Degree of dislocation: Open reduction was more frequently reguired in higher degree of dislocation. C. Acetabular index: It was little influenced on method of treatment. 2. The complications were persisten subuxation (3 cases), temporary irregular ossification (16 cases) and avascular necrosis (1 cases).
Acetabulum ; Child ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Walking

Classic anatomical descriptions state that the common bile duct enters to the medial border of the second part of duodenum. Isolated case reports of the common bile duct in other sites, including the fourth part of duodenum, the pyloric canal, stomach, and the duodenal bulb, have appeared in the literature. We report three cases of anomalous drainage of the common bile duct into duodenal bulb, which caused recurrent cholangitis and peptic ulcer. All patients required choledochoenteric anastomosis to relieve their syrnptoms.
Cholangitis ; Common Bile Duct* ; Drainage* ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that pulmonary function differs widely among race, age and geographical residency. By virtue of the improvement of nutrition and environment, the elderly population in Korea is markedly increasing and so are the ages of patients complaining respiratory symptoms. However, we do not have our own data on the pulmonary functional reserve of elderly persons in Korea. We evaluate the deterioration of pulmonary functional reserve and standardize the predictive values of pulmonary function in the elderly population. METHOD: Pulmonary function tests were conducted in 100 men and 100 women over the age of 65. We analyzed changes of FVC and FEV1 according to age and height by linear regression. We compared our new multiple linear regression equation with other equations currently used in Korea. RESULTS: In men, the mean age was 71.5±5.2(mean±SD) years and the mean height was 163.6±6.2cm. The mean FVC was 3.42±0.49ℓ and the mean FEV1, 2.72±0.40ℓ. In women, the mean age was 72.0±5.1 years and the mean height was 149.1±5.9cm. The mean FVC was 2.22±0.42ℓ and the mean FEV1, 1.83±0.34ℓ. Multiple linear regression equation using age and height as an independent factors was as follows : FVC(ℓ)=1.857-0.0356×age(year)+0.02157×height(cm) (p<0.01, R2=0.279), FEV1(ℓ)=1.340-0.02698×age(year)+0.02021×height(cm) (p<0.01, R20.255) in men, FVC(ℓ)=-0.09765-0.03332×age(year)+0.03164×height(cm) (p<0.01, R2=0.435), FEV1(ℓ)=-0.169-0.02469×age(year)+0.02539×height(cm) (p<0.01, R2=0.41) in women. CONCLUSION: We established prediction regressions for pulmonary functional tests in the elderly Korean population. We also confirmed that currently adopted equations do not exactly anticipate the expected pulmonary functional reserve in the aged person over 65 years old. We suggest that our new equations from this study should be applied to interpret the pulmonary function tests in the elderly population in Korea.
Aged* ; Aging* ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Male ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Virtues

BACKGROUND: Legionella pneumophila has been recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) requiring hospitalization. However, epidemiological data on the occurrence of legionella-related pneumonia is unavailable in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the etiological imprtance of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in patients hospitalized with CAP. METHOD: The CAP patient over 16 year-old were recruited from July 1999 to June 2000 at the Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital. Fifty four patients (male 29, female 25, average age 63.8±15.3) were included in this study. A diagnosis of a legionella pneumophila infection was based on a urinary antigen test using the Binax Company enzyme immunoassay. The severity of pneumonia was assessed using the Fine's PORT scoring system. RESULT: The average Fine's PORT score was 99.7(±44.9). According to the risk classification proposed by the Infectious Disease Society of America, the number of patients in each class(from class I to class V) were 6(11.1%), 13(24.1%), 9(16.7%), 14(25.8%), and 12(22.2%), respectively. Thirty two patients(59.3%) were initially admitted to the intensive care unit. The mortality rate was 16.7%(9 in 54). In all patients, urinary antigens to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were not detected. CONCLUSION: Legionella pneumophila may play little role in causing adult CAP in Korea. Therefore, the routine use of macrolide in the empirical treatment of the CAP patients based upon the ATS guidelines(1993) in Korea should be reevaluated.
Adult ; Americas ; Classification ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Heart ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea* ; Legionella pneumophila* ; Legionella* ; Legionnaires' Disease ; Mortality ; Pneumonia*

Background: Recognition and ingestion of opsonized microorganisms by neutrophils induces the burst of oxidative metabolic activity. Products of the respiratory burst activity provide powerful oxygen dependent killing mechanism. Measurement of respiratory burst activity has been a major indicator of the functional capacity of neutrophils. We determined the respiratory burst activity of neutrophils in patients with pneumonia and observed the changes during the clinical course of pneumonia. Methods: The EDTA blood was drawn from 24 normal controls and same numbers of pneumonia patients. The respiratory burst activity(with the production of H2O2 which changes nonfluorescent DCF-DA to green fluorescent DCF) in the non-stimulated state and the stimulated state with fMLP and PMA of neutrophils was measured by flowcytometry at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of admission. Results: The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was mildly increased by stimulation with fMLP. But there was no statistical significance between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was markedly increased by stimulation with PMA in both groups. There was a significant difference in response to PMA between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The production of hydrogen peroxide from neutrophils was decreased during early course of pneumonia and it was recuperated gradually to normal level in 9 days. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide production from neutrophils was suppressed during early course of pneumonia and restored after treatment. It is suggested that the production of oxygen radical in response to PMA stimulation from each neutrophils is decreased rather than increased during the early course of pneumonia.
Eating ; Edetic Acid ; Homicide ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Neutrophils* ; Oxygen ; Pneumonia* ; Respiratory Burst

Background: Recognition and ingestion of opsonized microorganisms by neutrophils induces the burst of oxidative metabolic activity. Products of the respiratory burst activity provide powerful oxygen dependent killing mechanism. Measurement of respiratory burst activity has been a major indicator of the functional capacity of neutrophils. We determined the respiratory burst activity of neutrophils in patients with pneumonia and observed the changes during the clinical course of pneumonia. Methods: The EDTA blood was drawn from 24 normal controls and same numbers of pneumonia patients. The respiratory burst activity(with the production of H2O2 which changes nonfluorescent DCF-DA to green fluorescent DCF) in the non-stimulated state and the stimulated state with fMLP and PMA of neutrophils was measured by flowcytometry at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of admission. Results: The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was mildly increased by stimulation with fMLP. But there was no statistical significance between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was markedly increased by stimulation with PMA in both groups. There was a significant difference in response to PMA between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The production of hydrogen peroxide from neutrophils was decreased during early course of pneumonia and it was recuperated gradually to normal level in 9 days. Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide production from neutrophils was suppressed during early course of pneumonia and restored after treatment. It is suggested that the production of oxygen radical in response to PMA stimulation from each neutrophils is decreased rather than increased during the early course of pneumonia.
Eating ; Edetic Acid ; Homicide ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Neutrophils* ; Oxygen ; Pneumonia* ; Respiratory Burst

The analysis of regional myocardial function is important for the evaluation of myocardial performance. We evaluated whether the motion images of the coronary bifurcation points can be used for computation of the regional deformation and the regional wall stress. In 5 mongrel dogs, 4 to 7 lead markers were implanted adjacent to the bifurcarion points of coronary artery. Left ventricular pressure curve was obtained, and left ventriculography was performed to measure the major and minor axes of the left ventricle. Afterthen, biplane coronary arteriography was performed. The motion images of the lead markers and the corresponding coronary bifurcation points were used as landmarkers for the kinetic analysis of the regional wall deformation and wall stress. The results of the analysis using two kinds of landmarkers were well correlated(P<0.001). Analysis of the diagnosis biplane coronary cineangiograms of each patient group demonstrated that quite difference wave forms between the normally perfused segment and the underperfused segments. In group I there was no coronary arterial narrowings and no regional wall motion abnormalities. Their mean and peak wall thicking were 10.10+/-9.28% and 47.99+/-20.70%. And their peak and mean values of circumferential and longitudinal wall stresses are as follows; 2.70+/-0.74x10(5)dyn/cm2, 2.34+/-0.71x10(5)dyn/cm2, 0.84+/-0.21x10(5)dyn/cm2, 2.34+/-0.71x10(5)dyn/cm2, 0.84+/-0.21x10(5)dyn/cm2 and 0.64+/-0.13x10(5)dyn/cm2. Of 5 male patients having coronary arterial disease with regional wall motion abnotmalities(Group III), 2patients have single vessel disease, 2 paitents have 2 vessel disease. In subgroup b of group III, there was a significant decrease of regional wall thickening(mean and peak value; 0.54+/-9.91%.14.87+/-12.055; P<0.001 vs. group I), and increasing tendency of regional wall stresses. Using biplane coronary cineangiogram, which is routine diagnostic procedure in coronary artery disease, this method can valuate regional myocardial function. And this method can evaluate regional myocardial function. And this method will be especially useful, when serial coronary cineangiograms are needed for serial evaluation of patients, such as before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary arterial bypass graft surgery, etc.
Angiography ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Dogs ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Transplants ; Ventricular Pressure

PURPOSE: Although its incidence has decreased with the widespread use of less invasive surgical techniques including laparoscopic surgery, postoperative ileus remains a common postoperative complication. In the field of urologic surgery, with the major exception of radical cystectomy, few studies have focused on postoperative ileus as a complication of laparoscopic surgery. The present study aims to offer further clues in the management of postoperative ileus following urological laparoscopic surgery through an assessment of the associated risk factors. METHODS: The medical records of 267 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery between February 2004 and November 2009 were reviewed. After excluding cases involving radical cystectomy, combined surgery, open conversion, and severe complications, a total of 249 patients were included for this study. The subjects were divided into a non-ileus group and an ileus group. The gender and age distribution, duration of anesthesia, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification Score, body mass index, degree of operative difficulty, presence of complications, surgical procedure and total opiate dosage were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 249 patients, 10.8% (n = 27) experienced postoperative ileus. Patients with ileus had a longer duration of anesthesia (P = 0.019), and perioperative complications and blood loss were all correlated with ileus (P = 0.000, 0.004, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the modified Clavien classification was an independent risk factor for postoperative ileus (odds ratio, 5.372; 95% confidence interval, 2.084 to 13.845; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Postoperative ileus after laparoscopic urologic surgery was more frequent in patients who experienced more perioperative complications.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia ; Body Mass Index ; Cystectomy ; Humans ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Linear Models ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Risk Factors ; Urology