Twelve patient with fracture of the neural arch of the axis (hangman's fracture or traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis) were treated at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital between 1980 and 1986. There were three type I fractures, seven type II fractures, and two type III fracture. Non of these patients had neurological damage. Seven patients (five in type II and two in type III) in this series, underwent anterior interbody fusion operation between axis and third cervical vertebra following 6 weeks of cervical traction. The remaining five patients were treated conservatively by cervicel traction in the bed. Average follow up period was 24 months. The mean duration of fracture union was 10 weeks after trauma in 3 cases of type I and twelve weeks after trauma in 2 cases of type II which were treated conservatively. Otherwise in 5 cases of type II and two cases of type III which were taken anterior interbody fu sion, the mean duration of fracture union was 8 weeks in type II and 10 weeks in type III after surgery. All regained a stability of the cervical spines. Because the fracture healing of the neural arch invariably occurred through this study, it is felt that anterior interbody fusion between axis and third cervical vertebra is necessary surgical.procedure to gain the early stability if there is an evidence of persistant instability between axis and third cervical verbebrae even after 6 weeks of conservative traction treatment.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Traction

The successful cardiac transplantation depends partly on the donor heart preservation by a solution that will ensure recovery of myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to perform the evaluation of various preservation solutions and to accumulate the data on the requisites for ideal preservation solution. The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorff's perfusion system. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 20minutes with warm Krebs-Henseleit solution, stored for 4 hours in cold preservation solution after cardioplegia, and then were reperfused for 20minutes. The 4 experimental groups were prepared : Hartmann's solution group (group I, control), modified Euro-collins' solution group (group II, MEC), modified University of Wisconsin group (group III , MUW), and CK solution(made by the author) group (group IV, CK). The parameters for assessing the preservation ability were levels of enzymes in freezed myocardial tissues (lactate, creatine kinase-MB and adenosine deaminase), coronary flow, left ventricular developing pressure and dp/dt. In conclusion, the ability of preservation for isolated rabbit heart was excellent in CK solution and modified University of Wisconsin solution, and poor in modified Euro-collins' solution, compared with Hartmann solution. CK solution has low potassium concentrations(34.2mEq/L) and includes various substrates to be salutary on myocardial preservation. This fact may indicates the necessity of further refinements in selection or composition of electrolytes and substrates.
Adenosine ; Creatine ; Electrolytes ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Heart Transplantation ; Heart* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Perfusion ; Potassium ; Tissue Donors ; Wisconsin

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a accurate and safe method confirming the intraabdominal injury with head trauma, unstable multiple injuried patients. But the development of imaging technique and the trend in noninvasive diagnostic value is decreasing now. In the emergency room, the emergency physicians are required the rapidity and accuracy' in intial assessment and the decisions for the operation or not. So emergency physicians have been investigating the diagnostic method for intraabdomial injury that is more rapid, safe and accurate. Many diagnostic tools are developed and now accepted and used widely, among them the diagnostic peritoneal lavage is still the best method for unsatble or head injuries patients. But the positive diagnostic criterias are variable by many authors and still remain imperfectly. So our study was reviewed by medical record of patients who were undertaken the diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis intraabdominal injury and statistical analyasis was done compared with many criteria of red blood cell and white blood cell for the more actuate way. A retrospective study of diagnostic peritoneal lavage was done of 90 patients with blunt abdominal trauma during 2 years from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and summerized our experience. The results were as follows; 1) There are 73 males and 17 females in sex. The most common type of injury was the traffic accident. 2) With many variable criteria of RBC and WBC, the accuracy and the false positive and false negative were not different in statistical results. The average accuracy was 80.1%. 3) The operations were done in 30(33.3%) cases, and the most frequent injuried organ was the small bowel, 20 cases(66.7%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Peritoneal Lavage* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength (microSBS) and bonding interfaces of two-step total-etching and self-etching adhesive systems to three etch types of dentin either the acid etched, laser etched or laser and acid etched. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The occlusal dentinal surfaces of thirty human molars were used. They were divided into six groups: group 1, 37% H3PO4 + Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); group 2, Er:YAG laser (KEY Laser 3, KaVo) + Single Bond 2; group 3, Er:YAG laser + 37% H3PO4 + Single Bond 2; group 4, Clearfil SE Primer + Bond (Kuraray); group 5, Er:YAG laser + Clearfil SE Bond; group 6, Er:YAG laser + Clearfil SE Primer + Bond. The samples were subjected to microSBS testing 24 hr after bonding. Also scanning microscopic evaluations were made on the resin-dentin interfaces of six specimens. RESULTS: The microSBS of group 2 was significantly lower than that of groups 1 and 3 in Single Bond 2 (p < 0.05). There were significant differences among the uSBS of groups 4, 5, and 6 in Clearfil SE Bond (p < 0.05). Very short and slender resin tags were observed in groups 2 and 5. Long and slender resin tags and lateral branches of tags were observed in groups 3 and 6. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of dentin surface using phosphoric acid or self-etching primer improved the adhesion of Er:YAG lased dentin.
Adhesives ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate ; Dentin ; Humans ; Molar ; Phosphoric Acids ; Resin Cements

After a penetrating thoracic injury early detection of intracardiac injury and early surgical repair when indicated are essential. A case presenting severe respiratory distress two weeks after a penetrating thoracic injury is reported. Transesophageal echocardiography showed massive pericardial effusion ventricular septal defect and mirtal regurgitation, The infundibular ventricular septal perforation was repaired using a Dacron patch the anterior mitral leaflet by interrupted sutures and the ruptured chordae of the posterior leaflet by a new chordae formation.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Sutures ; Thoracic Injuries ; Ventricular Septal Rupture ; Wounds, Penetrating

BACKGROUND: Long term patency of arterial graft has been better than venous graft and redo coronary artery bypass grafting has been increasing, therefore, there has been an increasing need for alternative arterial grafts except internal thoracic artery(ITA). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Right gastroepiploic arteries(RGEA) were harvested from 100 patients who had received gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. ITAs were obtained from 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The length of RGEA was measured from the pyloric ring. Items of the morphometric and histologic study at the pyloric ring and sites of the 10cm and 20cm RGEA from the pyloric ring were luminal diameter, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, degree of intimal hyperplasia, intimal thickness index, medial thickness index, and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina. Similar items were applied to the proximal site of ITAs. RESULT: The length of RGEA was 23+/-2.7cm(range 17~31cm). Comparing the 20cm RGEA with ITA, intimal thickness, medial thickness, wall thickness, and degree of intimal hyperplasia did not show any difference(p>0.05). However, 20cm RGEA was greater than ITA at the luminal diameter, intimal thickness index, and the number thickness and wall thickness in each site of the RGEA(pyloric ring, 10cm, 20cm) decreased from the pyloric ring to the distal sites(p<0.05). The degree of intimal hyperplasia and the number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina did not show any difference between the pyloric ring and 10cm, however, those of 20cm were smaller than these sites(p<0.05). RGEA had more number of discontinuities of the internal elastic lamina and rich smooth muscle cells in the media than ITA. CONCLUSION: The length and diameter of RGEA is good enough to reach most of the coronary arteries. Moreover, long term patency of RGEA may be improved, if anastomosed in the distal site.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Gastrectomy ; Gastroepiploic Artery* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Phenobarbital ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Transplants ; Ulcer

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Bone cancer pain has a disruptive effect on the cancer patient's quality of life. Although ginsenosides have been used as traditional medicine in Eastern Medicine, the effect on bone cancer pain has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether ginsenosides may alter the bone cancer pain at the spinal level. METHODS: NCTC 2472 tumor cells (2.5 x 10(5)) were injected into the femur of adult male C3H/HeJ mice to evoke bone tumor and bone cancer pain. To develop bone tumor, radiologic pictures were obtained. To assess pain, the withdrawal threshold was measured by applying a von Frey filament to the tumor cells inoculation site. The effect of intrathecal ginsenosides was investigated. Effect of ginsenosides (150, 500, 1,000 microgram) was examined at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after intrathecal delivery. RESULTS: The intrafemoral injection of NCTC 2472 tumor cells induced a radiological bone tumor. The withdrawal threshold with tumor development was significantly decreased compared to the sham animals. Intrathecal ginsenosides effectively increased the withdrawal threshold in the bone cancer site. CONCLUSIONS: NCTC 2472 tumor cells injection into the mice femur caused bone tumor and bone cancer pain. Intrathecal ginsenosides attenuated the bone cancer-related pain behavior. Therefore, spinal ginsenosides may be an alternative analgesic for treating bone cancer pain.
Adult ; Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; Femur ; Ginsenosides ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice ; Quality of Life ; Salicylamides ; Spinal Cord

BACKGROUND: We compared the results of liver biopsy and the levels of serum type IV collagen of the hepatitis B carriers with normal liver function test (LFT) to evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum type IV collagen in predicting the progression of histopathological findings. METHODS : Thirty one chronic hepatitis B carriers with normal LFT and no significant clinical symptoms, who were Korean combat police, were classified into three groups according to their histologic results of the liver biopsies. The classification followed the standard proposed by Korean Society of Pathology. Blood samplings for serum type IVcollagen (reference : less than 5 ng/mL) were done in the morning of the same day of the liver biopsy. RESULTS: Of thirty one patients, thirteen patients showed normal histologic findings (41.9%, Group A), eleven patients revealed histologic abnormalities without fibrosis (35.5%, Group B) and seven patients were with fibrosis on liver biopsy (22.6%, Group C). Serum type IV collagen levels of Group A, B and C were 3.53 +/- .57 ng/mL, 3.56 +/- .17 ng/mL and 3.97 +/- .88 ng/mL, respectively. The average of serum type IV collagen levels of Group C was higher than of Group B and the average of Group B higher than that of Group A without any statistical significance (p > 0.05). The averages of serum type IV collagen of eighteen patients with histologic abnormalities (Group B and C) and twenty four patients without fibrosis (Group A and B) were 3.73 +/- 1.06 ng/mL and 3.55 +/- .88 ng/mL respectively. Upon comparison of these averages with the those of Group A and C, no statistical significance was established (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION : In chronic hepatitis B carriers with normal LFT findings, levels of serum type IV collagen were elevated along with histologic severities without statistical significance, therefore can not represent the changing degree of the histologic findings. Liver biopsy is considered to be one of the most accurate tool to assess the histologic status of the liver.
Biopsy* ; Classification ; Collagen Type IV* ; Collagen* ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests* ; Liver* ; Needles ; Pathology ; Police

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not the early use of steroid is useful for treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 85 patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia admitted to Gwangju Christian Hospital between September 2015 and April 2016. A total of 85 patients were enrolled. Of these, 33 were treated with steroids (methyl-prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day), while 52 were not; both were treated with macrolides. The overall duration of fever was compared between the 2 groups and findings on chest radiographs were evaluated for their deterioration. RESULTS: The duration of fever after admission (1.36±0.92 days vs. 2.17±1.30 days, P=0.003) and the overall duration of fever (4.42±2.13 days vs. 6.07±2.59 days, P=0.003) were significantly lower in the steroid group. The duration of fever before admission was not different between the steroid and macrolide groups (3.06±1.74 days vs. 3.90±2.21 days, P=0.068). On chest radiographs taken 3 days later, 1 of 33 patients in the steroid group and 5 of 50 patients in the macrolide group worsened, although there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.395). There was no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between the 2 groups (6.72±1.54 days vs. 6.92±1.87 days, P=0.618). CONCLUSION: Early administration of steroids on patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia reduced the duration of fever, but there was no difference in duration of admission and x-ray deterioration.
Fever ; Gwangju ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Macrolides ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Steroids