No Abstract available.
Infection Control*

A case of Cleido-Cranial-Dysostosis, which characterized by deficient formation of the clavicle with delayed and imperfect ossification of the cranium, associated with other anatomical errors, was experienced at The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Kyung Hee University Hospital in January 73. We report this rare and interest case with reference review.
Clavicle ; Skull

No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: It is well known that neuronal degeneration can occur after a brief deprivation of energy source. To investigate whether glial astrocyte can induce a phenomenon of delayed cell death after transient energy loss and to see how different are the effects of nifedipine, lidocaine, carnosine and hypothermia on delayed toxicity in astrocyte. METHODS: Human astrocytoma cells (U1242MG) were used in this study. To assess the astrocyte survival during post-ischemic period after transient histotoxic hypoxia, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5, diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used. Compared to MTT test, tryphan blue test was also used to demonstrate membrane damage of affected cells. Studies on intracellular calcium dynamics during ischemic and post-ischemic period were carried out with fluo-3 and flow cytometry system. RESULTS: The percentage survival of astrocyte during post-ischemic period was decreasing with time. Calcium channel blocker nifedipine, sodium and calcium channel blocker lidocaine and free radical scavenger carnosine could not prevent post-ischemic cell damage. But, hypothermia was only an effective method in ameliorating post-ischemic cell death. Intracellular calcium increase during ischemia and post-ischemia was dependent on extracellular calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS: Only hypothermia was effective in reducing astrocyte death during post-ischemia after transient energy depletion. Intracellular calcium alterations during post-ischemia was from extracellular space.
Anoxia* ; Astrocytes* ; Astrocytoma ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Carnosine ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Space ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Nifedipine ; Sodium

The purpose of this study was to develop the basis of scientific nursing intervention by examining the changes of stress level with elapse of post chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The design of this study was a longitudinal descriptive study. The subjects of this study was patients receiving chemotherapy from March 1, 1998 to June 30, 1998 at K university hospital in Taegu. The number of subjects was 14 and they were given treatment every 21 days, a cycle of chemotherapy. The changes of their stress with the elapse of chemotherapy were examined every other day. The changes of stress reaction were measured by fatigue and salivary cortisol level. The instrument used to measure fatigue was the revised Pipe Fatigue Scale which was developed by Piper(1984). The reliability of this instrument was Cronbach's alpha .997. The Salivary cortisol was meausured to examine the stress physiological reaction, analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Data was analyzed by computer using the SPSS WIN 7.0 program. Frequency, and Wilcoxon Singned Ranks test were used to examine the changes in degree of fatigue and salivary cortisol with the elapse of chemotherapy. The relationship between fatigue and salivary cortisol was examined using Spearman's rho. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The degree of fatigue was increased a little on the third day 5.64( +/- 1.86)(z=-1.85, p=.06) compared with that of fatigue on the basic day. After that, the degree of fatigue was continuously decreased. it had tendancy to increase a little as patients visited the clinic for next chemotherapy. 2) The mean of salivary cortisol concentration was the higest shortly before chemotherapy. 3) The relationship of fatigue and salivary cortisol was r= .4(p=.098). To sum up, the degree of fatigue was the highest on the third day and salvary cortisol was the highest shortly before chemotherapy. Because the stress reaction of cancer patient receiving chemotherapy was the higest within 3 days in one cycle, it will be effective to provide specified nursing interventions to reduce stress within 3 days after chemotherapy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Daegu ; Drug Therapy* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Nursing ; Radioimmunoassay

Spinal instrumentation is popular nowadays. After applying the Harrington distraction rod, there might be a severe, tragic complication, paraplegia. Recently SSEP is widely used to detect the early change of the spinal cord dysfunction. The force to correct the spinal deformity is usually distraction. The distraction force will stretch the spinal dura. But the relation of neural deficit between distraction force and duration is not clearly determined yet. Also the anatomical level of neural deficit is not known. The purpose of this study is to find that the distraction force of 200gm on the spinal dura will change the SSEP by the stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve and if there is change of SSEP, what portion of nerve stimulation pathway is responsible for. Results are as followings. 1) The distraction force of 200gm makes change of SSEP wave. 2) P2 wave is most susceptible, N1 wave is less susceptible and P1 is relatively contant for one hour dural traction. 3) After release of traction, the wave is partially reversible but not completely for next one hour recovery period. 4) While the wave of SSEP is changed by the dural distraction force, the nerve conduction between the nerve root just outside of the spinal dura and calf shows constant latency. That means the anatomical level responsible for the change of SSEP wave is proximal to the spinal dura, not the peripheral nerve distal to the spinal dura.
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dogs ; Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Neural Conduction ; Paraplegia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Spinal Cord ; Tibial Nerve ; Traction

Amputation through the epiphyseal plate is very rare. Authors experienced only one case of ankle amputation through the epiphyseal plate in one huadred seventeen replantation cases during last seven years. It can make severe growth disturbance after replantation especially if the bone shortening is carried out at epiphyseal plate. Authors have developed new idea to make boae shortening during replantation with preservation of the epiphyseal plate in amputation through the epiphyseal plate in three years old female. It is, so called, double osteotomy shortening. Bone shortening is performed at 5cm above amputated epipyaeal plate to avoid further damage in epiphyseal plate, and a bone segment 3cm in length is resected,by double osteotomy shortening technique. After then, bone reduction and internal fixation is followed. With above technique, authors succeeded in replantation without further damage in epiphysis. In three years and ten months follow-up, bony growth in replanted tibia shows normal pattern, and epiphyseal plate in replanted site is working and remained open. The patient can walk without pain, and motor-sensory function have almost completely recoverered.
Amputation ; Ankle ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Osteotomy ; Replantation ; Tibia

Dislocation of peroneal tendons are caused by forceful domifiexion of the foot accompanied by a powerful contraction of the peroneal muscles. This mechanism of injury tears the superior pemneal retinaculum and allows the tendons to snap anteriorly. It is an important, although infrequent, cause of disability of the ankle. The acute injury can be treated by immobilization in a plaster cast, but when there is chronic recurring dislocation, surgical reconstruction is necessary. Authors experienced two cases of dislocation of pemneal tendons which were treated by use of Sarmiento's and Platzgummer's(modified) operative procedures with good results.
Ankle ; Casts, Surgical ; Dislocations ; Foot ; Immobilization ; Muscles ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tears ; Tendons

OBJECTIVES: Culture of sputum is apt to be contaminated through oral cavity and proximal airway. Therefore, identification of true etiologic agents by sputum culture is not always reliable. In order to differentiate the pulmonary infection from non-infectious disease and to identify the true etiologic agent of acute pulmonary infection, we used PSB(Protected Specimen Brushing) and evaluated the efficacy of PSB. METHODS: In 168 patients with acute febrile illness with pulmonary infiltrations(male 106, female: 61, mean age: 49.5+/-17.6), we performed PSB via a bronchoscope and compared the results along with blood culture and sputum culture. Protected specimen brush was introduced through biopsy channel of bronchoscope and was rotated within the purulent secretions. Tip of the brush was severed with aseptic technique and was immersed in 1cc of Ringer's lactate solution and vigorously mixed for 1 minute. The specimen was submitted for quantitative culture within 15 minutes and was regarded positive culture if colony forming units were above 10(3)/ml. RESULTS: Using PSB for the diagnosis of pulmonary infection, sensitivity was 71.1% and specificity was 84.296. PSB was helpful in identifing true etiologic agent among several potentially pathogenic organisms. Using PSB for the diagnosis of UAP (ventilator associated pneumonia), sensitivity was 72.4% and specificity was 100%. CONCLUSION: Use of PSB can be a helpful method for the diagnosis of pulmonary infection and identification of its etiologic agents.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopes ; Diagnosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Mouth ; Pneumonia ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the attitude of persons with an mental disability to marriage. METHODS: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the individual's subjectivity was used. The 30 participants classified 36 selected Q-statements on a 9 point scale to make a normal distribution. The collected data was analyzed by a PC Quanl Program. RESULTS: Four types of attitude of persons with an mental disability to marriage were identified. Type I: Actively supportive-resistant against social bias, Type II: Passively supportive-reliant on others, Type III: Intensively desiring-less sense of reality, Type IV: Controlling desire-more sense of reality. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need develop a variety of programs specifically designed for each type of attitude to change attitudes to marriage for persons with an mental disability.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Marriage* ; Mentally Disabled Persons