The contamination period of the sterilized pack is influenced by the storage environment such as air contamination, temperature, humidity and the quality of the wrapping material. This study was conducted to provide basic data, for the expiration date of the EO gas sterilized pack (which was wrapped with polypropylene / polyester one side and paper the other side) by investigating the storage environment and monthly contamination period. The duration of study was 12 months, from Dec. 1, 1997 to Nov. 30, 1998. A total of 144 EO gas sterilized packs were kept in six storage cabinets of storage area after selecting four Operating Room, the Central Supply Department and General Surgery Clinic of one University Hospital in Taegu city. The samples were cultured in fluid thioglycolate media 30m1 in 37degrees C incubator for 48 hours. Air microbial bioburden in the six storage area and storage cabinet was monitored by exposing blood agar plate for fit teen minutes and culture were observed at 37t incubator for 2 thours. Temperature and Humidity were investigated four times(8 am, 2, 5, & 10 pm) a day and the mean values calculated. The results of this study are as follows 1. There was no contaminations in EO gas sterilized packs for 12 months observation. 2. The mean air contamination rate of storage area and cabinet in Operating Room was 4.9 CFU and 2.4 CPU during observation period. The mean air contamination rate of storage area and cabinet was 4.2 CPU and 2.2 CPU each during observation period. The rate of air contamination in storage room was at least twice than that of storage in Operating Room. The period that showed highest air contamination was in Feb. 98 as 9.2 CPU and the lowest in Mar. 98 as 1.1 CPU. 3. The predominant microorganisms were gram post five staphylococci, gram negative staphylococci in all storage environment, gram positive bacilli, gram negative bacilli in C cabinet of Operating Room and storage area in General Surgery Clinic, Fungi in storage area of Operating Room. 4. The mean temperature was 24.9+/-0.6degrees C(mean standard deviation) in storage area and 24.8+/-0.5degrees C in storage cabinet of Operating Room. The temperature was not differentiated between storage area and cabinet of Operating Room. The mean humidity was 63.6 7.3% (mean standard deviation) in storage area, 663+/-7.9% in cabinet of Operating Room. The humidity was observed high rate in storage area than cabinet of the six area environment. There was no growth of microorganism in sterilized packs during the observation. So we concluded that the contamination period of EQ gas sterilized packs was over 12 months. The high rate of air contamination in storage area might increase the degree of contamination of sterilized packs and the infection rate of operative wound. So the methods which could reduce the air contamination should be developed.
Adolescent ; Agar ; Daegu ; Ethylene Oxide* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incubators ; Operating Rooms* ; Polyesters ; Polypropylenes ; Wounds and Injuries

Teratoma is very rarely developed in the third ventricle. We report a case of third ventricular mature teraroma in 12 year old boy with headache and precocious puberty. In TlWl and Gd-DTPA enhanced TlWl, the mass in the third ventricle showed mixed signal intensities with signal void and partial contrast enhancement. The tumor was confirmed as a mature teratoma including teeth and fatty tissue.
Adipose Tissue ; Child ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Puberty, Precocious ; Teratoma* ; Third Ventricle* ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

The differential diagnosis between Spitz nevus and malignant melanoma is difficult due to similar histologic findings. To obtain the useful aids for the differential diagnosis between two diseases, we studied 13 cases of Spitz nevus, 8 benign nevi of compound and intradermal, and 9 melanomas of primary and metastatic, using the immunohistochemical stain for S-100 protein, HMB.45 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). The staining pattern and intensity of S-100 protein showed homogenously strong positive reactivity in all cases. The frequency of HMB.45 positive cell in Spitz nevus was significantly lower than that in melanoma. When compared with the usual compound and intradermal nevi, Spitz nevi showed more significantly positive reaction in the dermal component of nevus cells. The expression of PCNA was higher in melanoma than in Spitz nevus. The immunohistochemical stains for HMB.45 and PCNA are considered as a useful methods for differentiation between Spitz nevus and melanoma, while stain for S-100 protein is not helpful.
Diagnosis, Differential

The spine fracture of osteoporotic patients is considered as meaningful since it occurs prior to other life-threatening fractures (for example; fracture of proximal of femur). The purpose of this study were to analyze the relationship between BMD and spine fracture in patients who complained of back pain without any obvious trauma history. We studied the cases of one hundred thirty patients above an age of sixty years, whose visited the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Kosin University Medical Center, from March 1995 to April 1996. Both simple X-ray and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) were checked in old patients. The following results were obtained. 1. The BMD of spine fracture group with the osteoporosis (mean; -3.66 standard deviation (SD)) was significantly lower than the nonfracture group (mean; -2.38 standard deviation (SD)) (P = 0.0000). 2. According that the BMD Z-score is decreased, the proportion of spine fracture is increased significantly (above-1.0SD; 16.67%, -1.0SD~ -2.0SD; 16.67%, -2.0SD~ -3.0SD; 37.83%, - 3.0SD~ 4.0SD; 51.61%, below -4.0SD; 61.54% (P = 0.000)). 3. The probability of developing the spine fracture based on above -2.0 standard deviation (SD) was 2.8 times in -2.0SD~ -3.0SD (P = 0.044), 5.3 times in -3.0SD~ -4.0SD (P = 0.004), and 7.9 times below -4.0SD (P = 0.001). We recommended more intensive treatment to the osteoporotic patients below -2.0 SD in BMD Z- score.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Academic Medical Centers ; Back Pain ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Osteoporosis ; Spine*

No abstract available in English.
Animals ; Dogs ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur

In the treatment of elderly hip fracture, early mobilization as a means of reducing early postoperative morbiyt and morbidity is mandatory. Even though Ender nailing have many advantages, most serious problems with use of Ender nailing method are distal migration of nails, subsequent loss of fixation and limited knee joint motion. To prevent these difficult problems, we have used distal wiring technique with Ender nailing since 1988. In operation, we performed Ender nailing as usual manner under image intensifier and for the prevention of the nail migration, we performed circumferential wiring through the each Ender nail eye and above the adducter tubercle of the distal femur. Forty six cases were available with minimum follow-up of six months which were healed radiologically and clinically (Mean follow up: 21 months). The mean age was 74 years (Range: 52 years-88 years)and showed 26 cases of famale and 20 cases of male. The radiological morphometry using Singh index showed poor bone quality: 36 cases were below Grade III and the fracture type was classified by Tronzo criteria. In results, patients who had Ender nailing with distal wiring showed no distal migration, however one case of proximal migration was observed at the beginning stage of this technique. So, in elderly trochanteric fracture, to reduce the complication of the Ender nailing, especially nail migration, the authors recommend the Ender Nailing with distal wiring technique.
Aged ; Early Ambulation ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Methods

Air pollution in the traffic areas in Seoul during the winter season was studied. The average level of sulfur dioxide concentration was 0.24 ppm through the day. Lowest was 0.14 ppm at 2~4 P.M. when the highest vertical temperature gradient was indicated, and 0.33~0.29 ppm during 10 P.M. to 8 A.M. at night. Average level of dust was 4.65 mppcf (2.1~12.8 mppcf) and higher levels were shown at 10 A.M., 6 P.M. and 10 P.M. as 5.44, 4.73 and 5.01 mppcf respectively. The noise level in the main traffic areas was 73.5 db in the average during this survey, 75.1 db in the daytime and 65.6 db in the night (11 P.M. ~7 A.M.) in the average. Various air pollutants in auto-exhaust gases and noise of automobiles were studied, since those are main sources of nuisance in the traffic areas. Carbon monoxide in the "Corona" taxi, formaldehyde in the jeep, and carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and sulfur dioxide in the "Senara" taxi were measured respectively in high concentration and there was no significant difference in other gases among the various type of vehides. As regards average Overall noise level at ordinary driving speeds, heavy vehicles emitted much more noise (30 KPH) (82.2~83.5 db) than light vehicles such as taxi (40~5O KPH) (71.5-80.2 db). The noise level when starting heavy vehicles was higher 88.5 db(94.2 phon) on the average and that of light vehicles was lower 69.4 db (76.2 phon). There were two types of automobile horn noise in the octave band; one was in 1,000 cps and the other 2,000~4,000cps. The average horn noise level of automobiles was 98 db (107.8 phon), with 106 db (11.05 phon) maximum and 88.8db (99.5 phon) minimum. In the epidemiological study of CO poisoning in urban areas, there were 260 deaths out of 532 patients in 201 incidents of poisoning occurring on a total of 128 days during January 1964 to Dec. 1966. The concentration of co in the main living rooms and kitchens was detected as 58 and 112 ppm respectively, and the level of carboxyl-hemoglobin in the blood of housewives was relatively high, 11.2% on the average. In outside air maximal concentration of CO was 80 ppm in Shinchon-Dong an urban area.
*Air Pollution ; Korea ; *Noise

No abstract available.
Progeria*

Pulmonary artery rupture with a flow-directed balloon tipped pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter)is a rare complication with high mortality. This report concerns a case of this complication with hemothorax leading to fatal exsanguination. Emphasis is placed on the safety guidelines to prevent this. Also, possible causes and managements are presented. A high index of suspicion is necessary whenever a patient with the catheter has hemoptysis or unexplained hemodynamic or respiratory changes.
Arteries* ; Catheters* ; Exsanguination ; Hemodynamics ; Hemoptysis ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery ; Rupture*