Animal shoulder models are important in the investigation of the natural history of various pathologic conditions and for evaluation of the effectiveness of different treatments and biomaterials. The characteristics of animal shoulder models that may be used for rotator cuff related experiments are different with regard to the anatomy, behavioral pattern, advantages and disadvantages in application to each other. The lower primates and all the non-primate species, except the tree kangaroo, were neither functional overhead nor had a true rotator cuff. Utilizing more advanced primates, or perhaps even the tree kangaroo would be ideal and the most relevant to man as they possess a true rotator cuff. However, ethical concerns, costs, and many limitations in obtaining primates generally preclude the use of these animals for such research. Finally we should consider the differences in comparative anatomy and behavioral pattern of each animal model during performance or interpretation of rotator cuff experiments.
Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Macropodidae ; Models, Animal ; Natural History ; Primates ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder*

The sonographic findings of Trisomy 18 are varied. Sonographic findings including choroid plexus cyst, hydramnios, enlarged cisterna magna, shortening of femur, micrognathia and clenched hands are observed in our case of genetically confirrned Trisomy 18. A case of sonographically diagnosed Edward syndrome (Trisomy 18) with negative triple marker screening test is presented with a brief case history and review of literatures.
Choroid Plexus ; Cisterna Magna ; Femur ; Hand ; Mass Screening ; Polyhydramnios ; Trisomy* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

No abstract available.
Aromatherapy* ; Primary Health Care*

Microsurgical reconstruction is necessary for children to correct severe trauma and congenital or acuqired deformity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not microsurgical reconstruction is a safe and reliable operation in children and to analyze the differences of microsurgical reconstruction in children compared to adults. The study included 12 children who underwent 13 microsurgical reconstructions among a total of 251 cases of microsurgical reconstruction from May, 1986 to August, 1998. Their ages ranged from 24 months to 14 years and 8 months. There were 7 males and 6 females. The involved sites were 9 legs, 3 hands and 1 face. The causes of microsurgical reconstruction were 9 traumas, 2 congenital anomalies, 1 acquired deformity and 1 cancer. The applied flaps were 4 scapular flaps, 2 rectus abdominis muscle flaps, 1 de-epithelized groin flap, 1 lateral arm flap, 1 forearm tendocutaneous flap, 1 forearm tendocutaneous flap, 1 latissimus dorsi muscle flap, 1 fibula flap, 1 second toe transfer, and 1 wrap-around flap. All patients have had normal growth of the donor and recipient sites without specific complications during an average 2 years follow-up. We concluded that microvascular reconstruction is a very useful and reliable procedure in children if it is performed in consideration of each child's specific characteristics and conditions.
Adult ; Arm ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fibula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Groin ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Rectus Abdominis ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors ; Toes

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee*

There have been several reports that total knee arthroplasty(TKA) was most likely to survive successfully if the coronal tibiofemoral angle was close to 7 degree of valgus, the accepted normal. In order to know whether the postoperative coronal tibiofemoral angle influences the result of total knee arthroplasty, we examined the 152 TKA cases in 106 patients which had been performed at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1991. In our series the average follow-up period was 31 months(range, 13 months to 75 months). Coronal tibiofemoral angles of all cases were checked on weight bearing anteroposterior plain X-rays and were divided into three groups(less than valgus 2° ; valgus 3° to 7° ; greater than valgus 8°). All cases were analyzed on the knee score of Hospital for Special Surgery and the American Knee Society total knee arthroplasty roentgenographic evaluation and scoring system and the cases with radiolucent lines wider than 2mm were checked. Three groups were analyzed comparatively with statistical means(Wilcoxon signed rank test, X² test). There were no significant differences in the clinical results of total knee arthroplasty according to the postoperative coronal tibiofemoral angle. Lateral subluxation of the patella occurred more frequently when the postoperative coronal tibiofemoral angle was above valgus 8°. In the tibial components of group lesser than valgus 2°, the frequency of radiolucent lines wider than 2mm was higher than those of other groups, but its significance should be examined through long term follow-up.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Patella ; Seoul ; Weight-Bearing

Although long-term studies of total knee arthroplasty(TKA) have confirmed reliable relief of pain and maintenance of function, survivorship at nine to ten years has been inconsistent with late component loosening being the most frequent mode of failure. Tibial component failure has been more frequent than failure of the femoral or patellar component in most TKA series. Encouraged by the early results of porous-ingrowh femoral and patellar components, and aware of retrieval studies showing poor bone ingrowth into tibial components, the “hybrid” method of fixation with an uncemented femoral component and a cemented tibial component, has been introduced and incorporated the potential advantages of both traditional fixation techniques. Between January 1987 and December 1991, forty-five “hybrid” TKAs(group I) were performed in degenerative arthritis and evaluated retrospectively in comparison with the results of nineteen noncemented porous-coated TKAs(group II) in degenerative arthritis. The average follow-up period was 31 months(range, 14 to 60 months) in group I and 26 months(range, 13 to 63 months) in group II. Using the knee rating scale of the Hospital for Special Surgery and the American Knee Society Roentgenographic Evaluation and Scoring System, clinical and radiological comparative study between two groups was performed. Pain scores, range of motion and HSS knee scores improved in both groups, but there was no significant difference between group I and group II(p>0.05). In both groups, the scores of radiolucent lines were significantly higher in zone 1 and 4 of A-P roentgenograph of the tibial component than in other zones(p < 0.05). The tibiofemoral angle was corrected from varus 2.7° to valgus 5.8° in group I and from varus 3.4° to valgus 4.6° in group II. There was no significant differences in component position and scores of radiolucnet lines between group I and group II. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in clinical and radiological results between the “hybrid” and the cementless groups. Results of this study suggest that both the hybrid fixation and the comentless techniques can reliably provide satisfactory clinical and radiological results in properly selected degenerative arthritis patients. But the final outcomes of this study need further evaluation through long term follow-up.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Mandible* ; Osteoblastoma*

No abstract available.
Mandible* ; Osteoblastoma*

This study was designed to answer the question; (1) How does the DNA ploidy pattern change in hepatocarcinogenesis? (2) How does the nuclear morphology change in hepatocarcinogenesis? Diethylnitrosamine(DEN) (16.5 mg per kg) was subcutaneously injected to female Sprague-Dawley rats(150~200g) by weekly interval for 30 weeks. DNA ploidy and parameters of nuclear morphology were measured by image analyser(IBAS 200, Kontron, FRG). The DNA ploidy pattern was divided into three basic patterns(diploid, polyploid, and aneuploid modes). In 8 cases of saline-injected control rats, the DNA histograms showed all polyploid pattern. Inhepatocyte nodules(hyperplastic nodules), DNA diploidy was the most frequent pattern, being followed by polyploid and aneuploid DNA patterns, contrast to hepatocelular carcinomas in which polyploid DNA pattern was most frequently noted being followed by diploid and aneuploid DNA pattern. Although the nuclei of hepatocytes in hepatocyte nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas were larger and more pleomorphic than those of normal hepatocytes, they were as same as those of normal hepatocytes in regard to nuclear hyperchromasia. DNA content, which was increased in hepatocarcinogenesis, was significantly related to the nuclear area.
Female ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular