In the present study, we carried out a phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens, which resulted in the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, myricetin 3-O-(5″-O-galloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside (1), 6-methylquercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), one new methylchromone glycoside, 7-O-(4', 6'-digalloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (3), together with three known compounds (4-6). The structures of these isolated compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 in vitro. Compounds 1-6 showed potent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibiting activities in vitro with IC values ranging from 1.95 to 5.54 μmol·L and ranging from 1.01 to 2.27 μmol·L, respectively.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; chemistry ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; chemistry ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

To study the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Baeckea Frutescens L., a new flavonol glycoside, named 6, 8-dimethylkaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (1), together with seven known compounds: quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic acid (7) and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methoxylpropionyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (8) were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and recrytallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 8 was first isolated from plant.
Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Kaempferols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Toluene ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo provide scientific methods for quality criterion by studying the chemical components of essential oil from Baeckea frutescens.

METHODThe chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens were identified by GC-MS-DS, TLC and capillary GC. The relative contents of main components were determined by area normalization.

RESULTMore than 50 peaks were separated, and 38 components were identified, which accounted for over 94% of the total GC peaks areas of the essential oil. The methods for quality evaluation of essential oil from B. frutescens by TLC and capillary GC were established.

CONCLUSIONThe chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens collected from different habitats and collecting periods have common characteristics as well as differences. Some components, such as linalool, can be used as a standard and chromatography fingerprint to analyze the quality of essential oil from B. frutescens.

Bridged Bicyclo Compounds ; analysis ; China ; Cyclohexanols ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Heteroplexis micocephal and their bioactivities.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, silica gel, Pharmadex LH-20, and C-18, as well as reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic data analysis. In vitro cytotoxic, HIV-1 replication, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities were screened by using cell-based models.

RESULTThirty-one compounds were obtained. Twelve of them are phenylpropanols, and the structures were elucidated as (+)-(7S,8R)-guaiacylglycerol (1), ferulic acid (2), cinnamate methyl ester (3), 1-eicosanyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate (4), morinin B (5), sinapyl diangelate (6), chlorogenic acid (7), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (9), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (10), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (11) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12). Three lignans, (+)-pinoresinol (13), prinsepiol (14) and (+)-pinoresinol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (15). Four acetophenones, 2,4-diacetylanisole (16), espeleton (17), viscidone (18) and 12-hydroxytremetone-12-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19). Nine flavones, isosakuranetin (20), hesperetin (21), 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone (22), acacetin (23), 5-hydroxy-7,4'- dimethoxyflavone (24), 7-methoxy-4',5, 6-trihydroxyflavone (25), 3,3'-dimethylquercetin (26), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (27), rutin (28). And three coumarins scopoletin (29), umbelliferone (30) and ayapin (31). Compound 6 and 22 showed selective cytotoxicities against a human stomach cancer cell line(BGC-823) and a human lung cancer cell line (A549) with IC50 values of 3.74 x 10(-5) and 7.17 x 10(-5) mol L(-1), respectively. In addition, Compound 6 showed a potent activity inhibiting HIV-1 replication with an IC50 value of 4.04 x 10(-6) mol L(-1), while 22 showed neuroprotective activity Against the MPP+ induced PC12-syn cell damage, with a relative protection ratio of 105.2% (P < 0.01) at a concentration of 10(-5) mol L(-1). Compound 26 and 31 showed inhibitory activities against the release of beta-glucuronidase of the polymorphous nuclear leukocytes induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), with inhibitory rates of 75.6% (P < 0.001) and 53. 9% (P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-31 were obtained from the genus Heteroplexis for the first time. Compound 6 and 22 possessed selective cytotoxicities against human cancer cell lines BGC-823 and A549, respectively. In addition, Compound 6 showed a potent activity inhibiting HIV-1 replication while 22 showed neuroprotective activity against the MPP+ induced PC12-syn cell damage. Compound 26 and 31 were potent anti-inflammatory agents.

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel was acclimatized from Australia to grow in Vietnam. Samples were collected from various provinces, and the analysis of M. alternifolia Cheel was performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to afford four different chemotypes with terpinene-4-ol (34.08-40.44%), terpinelene (39.47-60.34%), 1,8-cineole (71.23-77.54%) and terpinolene (34.89-38.30%) plus 1,8-cineole (30.84-35.26%) respectively as main components of the essential oil
Melaleuca ; chemistry ; Biochemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of Cleistocalyx operculatus on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and on the trauma of PC12 cells induced by H2O2.

METHODThe mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation assay and PC12 Cell culture and Cell viability (MTT assay) were applied.

RESULTCleistocalyx operculatus showed strong protective effects on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited potent protective effects on the trauma of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 (200 micromol x L(-1)) when the concentration reached 1.00 g x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONCleistocalyx operculatus may be used as antioxidant to prevent or delay the pathogenesis of neural cell diseases.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Myrtaceae ; chemistry ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats

Luong dien huong (Zanthoxylum Syzygium aromaticum) is discounted by fruit of Luong dien cham (Zanthoxylum) and bud of dinh huong (Syzygium aromaticum). Study on experimentation and clinical on 64 inflamatgingival and periodontitis patients from 20-60 years old treated in the Institute No103, from August 2002 to June 2003. Patients is divided into 2 groups: N1: 32 patients treated with LDH and N2: 32 patients treated with RK94 drug. The results showed that: Luong dien huong have clearly antiflammation effect as lessen inflamatgingival, increase on stable of tooth and lessen the deep of inflamatgingival. The results of treatment with inflamatgingival, periodontitis is: 68.75% good, 25% middle, 6.25% bad, similarly with RK94 drug (6.25% good, 28.1% middle and 6.25% bad)
Periodontitis ; Therapeutics ; Zanthoxylum ; Eugenia ; Gingivitis

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Guava 5% cream compared to Clotrimazole 1% cream in the treatment of Tinea corporis of patients seen at Family Medicine Department of Quezon City General Hospital Design: Randomized therapeutic clinical trial Setting: Department of Family and Community Medicine Out Patient Department of Quezon City General Hospital Study Subjects: Patients, male or female, 19 years old and above who consulted at Family and Community Medicine Department of Quezon City General Hospital Method: The study was done from August- September 2019. Fifty subjects were randomly assigned to either Group A (25) or Group B (25) using systematic sampling method. Patients in Group A were instructed to apply on affected area Clotrimazole 1% Cream twice a day for 2 weeks, while patients on Group B applied Guava 5% cream twice a day for 2 weeks. Patients were instructed follow up on Week 1 for improvement, Week 2 for evaluating outcome of treatment and Week 4 to check for recurrences Results: Total severity scores of both Groups A and B at Week 1, Week 2 and Week 4 were similar with p-values of 0.014, 0.480 and 0.386 respectively. Both groups were comparable as to the treatment outcome for Tinea corporis. Guava 5% cream is shown to be cost-effective considering the equally-effective treatment outcome and the lower average treatment cost Conclusion This study has shown that Guava 5% cream is equally effective as, and cheaper than Clotrimazole 1% cream, thus considered to be a cost-effective treatment for Tinea corporis.
Tinea ; Psidium ; Clotrimazole

BACKGROUND: Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are now considered as major health problems in the Philippines. N,N,-dietyl-3-toluamide (DEET) is recognized as the most effective against Aedes aegypti. However, the concern about its use have underscored the need to find a safer alternative repellent.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine and compare the repellent activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil against Aedes aegypti with 7% DEET using a double-blind controlled experimental trial
METHODOLOGY: Twenty healthy subjects were allocated systematically by alternate assignment into three treatment groups (Control vs. Tea Tree oil, control vs. 7 percent DEET, Tea Tree oil vs DEET). All subjects were exposed to Aedes aegypti for 5 minutes every hour for 8 hours and the number of mosquitoes biting/landing were recorded and compared for each treatment group
RESULTS: Fifty percent tea tree oil has a repellent activity against Aedes aegypti and its efficacy is comparable to 7% DEET. Both treatments were equally effective in repelling mosquitoes for 7 hours. No cutaneous reactions to both repellents were noted
CONCLUSION: The efficacy of tea tree oil is comparable to 7% DEET and is recommended as an alternative natural mosquito repellent.

Human ; Aedes ; Deet ; Dengue ; Healthy Volunteers ; Insect Repellents ; Melaleuca ; Severe Dengue ; Tea ; Tea Tree Oil ; Trees

We evaluated the activity of methanolic extracts of Melaleuca cajuputi flowers against the filarial worm Brugia pahangi and its bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia. Anti-Wolbachia activity was measured in worms and in Aedes albopictus Aa23 cells by PCR, electron microscopy, and other biological assays. In particular, microfilarial release, worm motility, and viability were determined. M. cajuputi flower extracts were found to significantly reduce Wolbachia endosymbionts in Aa23 cells, Wolbachia surface protein, and microfilarial release, as well as the viability and motility of adult worms. Anti-Wolbachia activity was further confirmed by observation of degraded and phagocytized Wolbachia in worms treated with the flower extracts. The data provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that M. cajuputi flower extracts inhibit Wolbachia, an activity that may be exploited as an alternative strategy to treat human lymphatic filariasis.
Adult ; Aedes ; Biological Assay ; Brugia pahangi ; Elephantiasis, Filarial ; Flowers* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Melaleuca* ; Methanol* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Wolbachia