1.Tissue-specific Role of CX₃CL1 Expressing Immune Cells and Their Relationships with Human Disease
Myoungsoo LEE ; Yongsung LEE ; Jihye SONG ; Junhyung LEE ; Sun Young CHANG
Immune Network 2018;18(1):e5-
Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX₃CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX₃CR1) are widely expressed in immune cells and non-immune cells throughout organisms. However, their expression is mostly cell type-specific in each tissue. CX₃CR1 expression can be found in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Interaction between CX3CL1 and CX₃CL1 can mediate chemotaxis of immune cells according to concentration gradient of ligands. CX₃CL1 expressing immune cells have a main role in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response depending on environmental condition. In a given tissue such as bone marrow, brain, lung, liver, gut, and cancer, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can maintain tissue homeostasis. Under pathologic conditions, however, CX₃CL1 expressing cells can play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss recent progresses of CX3CL1/CX₃CL1 in major tissues and their relationships with human diseases.
Bone Marrow
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Brain
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Chemokine CX3CL1
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Chemotaxis
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Dendritic Cells
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Homeostasis
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Humans
;
Ligands
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Liver
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Lung
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Macrophages
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Monocytes
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Organ Specificity
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T-Lymphocytes