Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use have been studied for their capacity of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum has the effects to hemostasis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, and it also has been traditionally used as a drug for the treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Olibanum extracts on the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis, formation of bone nodules and expression of type I collagen of MC3T3-E1 cells. To examine the cellular activity, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(control) and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the ALP synthesis, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the bone nodule formation, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for 21 days, and to compare the type I collagen expression, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for 4 days. The cellular activity of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 1 microgram/ml of Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day(p<0.05) to control. The activity of ALP in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 1 microgram/ml Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day(p<0.05). All the experimental groups showed much more bone nodule formation than control groups. The group treated with 1 microgram/ml of Olibanum extracts was the highest bone nodule formation, and showed much more type I collagen expression than negative control. These results indicate that Olibanum extracts may be considered effective in the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Bone Diseases ; Boswellia* ; Collagen Type I ; Hemostasis ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional

Background: Desflurane, a fluorinated methyl-ethyl ether, has some advantageous properties including low blood solubility, stability in soda lime, and resistance to biodegradation. Desflurane in vivo has demonstrated myocardial depressant property. The purpose of this study was to test the direct effects of desflurane on myocardial contractile function and coronary flow in the isolated heart. Methods: Twelve isolated rat hearts were continuously perfused with modified Krebs solution containing 6, 9 and 12 vol% of desflurane for 10 min at each concentration. Systolic left ventricular pressure and rate of change of ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were measured. Heart rate and coronary flow were also measured. To differentiate direct vasodilatory effect of desflurane from an indirect metabolic effect due to autoregulation of coronary flow, oxygen delivery, myocardial oxygen consumption and percent oxygen extraction were calculated. Results: Heart rate (control 266+/-22 beats/min) decreased to 250+/-23 beats/min at 6 vol%, 236+/-26 beats/min at 9 vol% and 223+/-22 beats/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Systolic left ventricular pressure and dp/dt decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In spite of decrement of myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary flow (control 12.0+/-1.2 ml/min) increased to 12.8+/-1.6 ml/min at 6 vol%, 12.9+/-1.6 ml/min at 9 vol% and 13.7+/-1.4 ml/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Oxygen delivery increased proportionally with coronary flow. Percent oxygen extraction decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggest that desflurane has a direct myocardial depressing and coronary vasodilating effect in a concentration-dependent manner.
Animals ; Ether ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Homeostasis ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Rats* ; Solubility ; Ventricular Pressure

Several growth factors and polypeptides were studied for the regeneration of periodontal supporting tissues which had been lost due to periodontal disease. But these are not commonly used for regenerators of bone tissue or alveolar bone, because of the insufficiency of studies on their side effects, genetic engineering for mass production and stability for clinical application. Recently, many natural products, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Cnidii Rhizoma, Rhinocerotis Cornu and Drynariae Rhizoma have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alkaline phosphatase synthesis of MC3T3-E1 cells when above medicines were supplimented. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with alpha-MEM(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and each natural products for 3 and 5 days. And then ALP synthesis was measured by spectrophotometer for enzyme activity and by naphthol AS-BI staining for morphometry. Except Cnidii Rhizoma, all of the natural products of this study induced higher activity of ALP synthesis than controls. Among them Drynariae Rhizoma induced the highest activity. In the aspects of culturing time, all medicines did not showed the difference between 3 and 5 days, but 10-7g/ml group of Rhinocerotis Cornu showed significant increase at 3 days than at 5 days. These results indicate that several natural products have a inducing ability of ALP synthesis on osteoblasts.
Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Biological Products* ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Diseases ; Genetic Engineering ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteoblasts ; Peptides ; Periodontal Diseases ; Polypodiaceae ; Regeneration

OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) is an uncommon intra-osseous cavity of unknown etiology. Clinical features of IBC are not well known and treatment modalities of IBC are controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of 27 IBC patients who underwent surgical exploration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 27 consecutive patients who underwent surgery due to a jaw bone cavity from April 2006 to February 2016 were included in this study. Nine male and 18 female patients were enrolled. Patients were examined retrospectively regarding primary site, history of trauma, graft material, radiographic size of the lesion, presence of interdental scalloping, erosion of the inferior border of the mandible, complications, results of bone graft, and recurrence. RESULTS: Female dominance was found. Maxillary lesion was found in one patient, and bilateral posterior mandibular lesions were found in two patients. The other patients showed a single mandibular lesion. The posterior mandible (24 cases) was the most common site of IBC, followed by the anterior mandible (5 cases). Two patients with anterior mandibular lesion reported history of trauma due to car accident, while the others denied any trauma history. Radiographic cystic cavity length over 30 mm was found in 10 patients. Seven patients showed erosion of the mandibular inferior border. The operations performed were surgical exploration, curettage, and bone or collagen graft. One bilateral IBC patient showed recurrence of the lesion during follow-up. Grafted bone was integrated into the native mandibular bone without infection. One patient reported necrosis of the mandibular incisor pulp after operation. CONCLUSION: Differential diagnosis of IBC is difficult, and IBC is often confused with periapical cyst. Surgical exploration and bone graft are recommended for treating IBC. Endodontic treatment of involved teeth should be evaluated before operation. Bone graft is recommended to reduce the healing period.
Allografts ; Bone and Bones ; Collagen ; Curettage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jaw ; Male ; Mandible ; Necrosis ; Pectinidae ; Radicular Cyst ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tooth ; Transplants

Infective endocarditis by Hemophilus species is very rare:there are only 22 reported-cases of Hemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis. We report a case of Hemophilus paraphrophilus endocarditis in a middle-aged woman with cerebral embolism and hemorrhage.
Endocarditis* ; Female ; Haemophilus ; Haemophilus paraphrophilus* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism*

BACKGROUND: Cough and hyperdynamic reaction cause considerable discomfort, and they may lead to postoperative surgical complication. To reduce coughing and hemodynamics during emergence, the efficacy of laryngotracheal spraying with lidocaine before intubation is not clear, particularly, in children. We investigated such effect during emergence from general anesthesia, in children. METHODS: Children were studied in a double blind manner: 105 ASA physical status I-II, aged 2-16 yrs, undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Patients were randomly grouped into three (A, B, and C) by the lidocaine spray before endotracheal intubation: 4% lidocaine to the group A (n = 32), 10% lidocaine to the group B (n = 36), and normal saline to the group C (n = 37). The same dose (2 mg/kg) of lidocaine was applied. During emergence, patients were observed their cough and hemodynamics. RESULTS: Lidocaine spray, irrespective of concentration, did not significantly diminish the cough and the hemodynamic reaction across the groups before and after the extubation as well as in the recovery room (P value = 0.44, 0.86, 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that the laryngotracheal spraying with lidocaine (2 mg/kg of 4% and 10%) before endotracheal intubation does not reduce the cough and hemodynamic reactions during emergence from general anesthesia in children.
Adenoidectomy ; Anesthesia, General ; Child* ; Cough* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lidocaine* ; Recovery Room ; Tonsillectomy

The present study was to determine the influence of micro-macro biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) on proliferation and differentiation of human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Primary stem cells were cultured from bone marrow and 3-4 passaged cells were used. This study tested the proliferative effects by cell counting. Collagen sythensis, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein by Western blot analysis were evaluated. The cellular proliferation of ASC was not influenced by MBCP. Collagen synthesis of ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The ALP activity in ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The expression of OC and BSP incresaed in ASC cultured on MBCP. These results suggest that MBCP may stimulates the osteoblastic activity of ASC.
Adult Stem Cells* ; Adult* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Marrow ; Calcium* ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Humans ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Stem Cells

Purpose: To describe the clinical manifestations, causative organisms, treatment, and prognostic factors of fungal keratitis based on analysis of patients over the past 20 years. Methods: A total of 177 patients (177 eyes) with fungal keratitis, who were diagnosed by smears and cultures, were reviewed retrospectively. Sex, age, predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: only potassium hydroxide (KOH)-positive, only culture-positive, and KOH- and culture-positive. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with a poor clinical outcome. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.4 ± 11.3 years; 107 (60.5%) patients were men. The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma (57.6%), especially by plants (29.4%). The most prevalent filamentous fungi were Fusarium species (31.6%, 49 isolates), and the most prevalent yeasts were Candida species (11.0%, 17 isolates). In cases of bacterial and fungal keratitis, filamentous fungus with Gram-positive bacterial infection (70.7%, 29/41) was the most common presentation. Visual improvement after treatment was common in the KOH-positive group (79.2%, 19/24), while visual deterioration after treatment was common in the culture-positive group (40.4%, 36/89). Previous ocular disease (odds ratio [OR]: 3.744, p = 0.010), hypopyon (OR: 2.941, p = 0.030), and surgical treatment (OR: 24.482, p < 0.001) were risk factors for a poor clinical outcome in the multivariate logistic regression model. Conclusions Clinical prognosis was good in the KOH-positive only group, but poor in the culture-positive group. If fungal keratitis is suspected, diagnostic KOH staining and culture tests should be performed initially. Early intensive antifungal medical treatments are necessary for patients with risk factors for poor clinical outcomes.

Ablative surgery for oral cancer treatment results in tissue defect. Large tissue defect requires free flap reconstruction that requires long operation time. Maxillectomy involves the teeth and maxilla that separates the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity from oral cavity. Resection of the maxilla causes oro-antral or oro-nasal fistula, which results in difficulty while chewing and swallowing. Regurgitation of the ingested food into the maxillary sinus or nasal cavity makes it difficult for a patient to digest. Obliteration of the fistula is the most important part of dental prosthesis in patients who underwent maxillectomy. Local flap is indicated when the fistula is less than 10mm, however, larger sized defects are closed with free flap or obturator. The decision of treatments should be based on patient's general condition, risk of recurrence, size of the defect and financial aspect.
Aphasia ; Deglutition ; Dental Prosthesis ; Fistula ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mouth ; Mouth Neoplasms* ; Nasal Cavity ; Recurrence ; Tooth

Purpose: To describe the clinical manifestations, causative organisms, treatment, and prognostic factors of fungal keratitis based on analysis of patients over the past 20 years. Methods: A total of 177 patients (177 eyes) with fungal keratitis, who were diagnosed by smears and cultures, were reviewed retrospectively. Sex, age, predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis were evaluated. The patients were divided into three groups: only potassium hydroxide (KOH)-positive, only culture-positive, and KOH- and culture-positive. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with a poor clinical outcome. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.4 ± 11.3 years; 107 (60.5%) patients were men. The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma (57.6%), especially by plants (29.4%). The most prevalent filamentous fungi were Fusarium species (31.6%, 49 isolates), and the most prevalent yeasts were Candida species (11.0%, 17 isolates). In cases of bacterial and fungal keratitis, filamentous fungus with Gram-positive bacterial infection (70.7%, 29/41) was the most common presentation. Visual improvement after treatment was common in the KOH-positive group (79.2%, 19/24), while visual deterioration after treatment was common in the culture-positive group (40.4%, 36/89). Previous ocular disease (odds ratio [OR]: 3.744, p = 0.010), hypopyon (OR: 2.941, p = 0.030), and surgical treatment (OR: 24.482, p < 0.001) were risk factors for a poor clinical outcome in the multivariate logistic regression model. Conclusions Clinical prognosis was good in the KOH-positive only group, but poor in the culture-positive group. If fungal keratitis is suspected, diagnostic KOH staining and culture tests should be performed initially. Early intensive antifungal medical treatments are necessary for patients with risk factors for poor clinical outcomes.