BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is known to be strongly associated with varied dermatoses such as rosacea, vasculitic purpura, and Sweet's syndrome. Also, many antibiotics including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline have been used to ameliorate chronic urticaria. This recent knowledge posed the plausibility that H. pylori infection might be an underlying causative factor of chronic urticaria. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the role of H. pylori infection in patients with chronic urticaria. METHODS: Sixty-five subjects with chronic urticaria were examined for H. pylori infection with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG/M against H. pylori and rapid urease test(CLO test) for endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa. Amoxicillin or clarithromycin combined with omeprazole as a therapy was administrated to the 44 patients with positive test results for 4 weeks. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was more frequently diagnosed in 44 of 65(67.7%) patients with chronic urticaria than in the control subjects(8.8%). After the completion of treatment for 4 weeks, specific IgG antibodies and a CLO test against H. pylori were negative in 28 of 38(73.7%) and 43 of 44(97.7%) patients respectively. At the post-treatment evaluation, 37 of 44(84.1%) patients with H. pylori-positive urticaria showed significant clinical remission of urticaria. CONCLUSION: Eradication of H. pylori in patients with chronic urticaria was accompanied by clinical remission of urtication. There is substantial evidence that unexplained causes of chronic urticaria may be associated with H. pylori infection.
Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibodies ; Clarithromycin ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastric Mucosa ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea* ; Omeprazole ; Prevalence* ; Prospective Studies* ; Purpura ; Rosacea ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome ; Tetracycline ; Urease ; Urticaria*

OBJECTIVE: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon cerebrovascular disorder, characterized by progressive occlusion at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery. Incidence of the disease is high in East Asia and familial MMD accounts for about 15% of the disease. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, association of HLA class I or II alleles with MMD has been reported with conflicting results. We investigated whether there is a difference in HLA class II association between familial and non-familial forms of the disease. METHODS: A total of 70 Korean children with MMD, including 16 familial cases (10 probands), and 207 healthy controls were studied. Among familial cases, only 10 probands were used for the HLA frequency analysis. High resolution HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence specific oligonucleotide hybridization and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism methods. RESULTS: The phenotype frequencies of HLA-DRB1*1302 (70.0%) and DQB1*0609 (40.0%) were significantly increased in familial MMD compared to both controls [vs. 15.5%, corrected p (pc) = 0.008, odds ratio (OR) = 12.76; vs. 4.3%, pc = 0.02, OR = 14.67] and non-familial MMD patients (vs. 14.8%, pc = 0.02, OR = 13.42; vs. 1.9%, pc = 0.02, OR = 35.33). The frequencies of DRB1 and DQB1 alleles in non-familial MMD patients were not significantly different from those in controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the genetic polymorphism of HLA class II genes or other closely linked disease relevant gene(s) could be a genetic predisposing factor for familial MMD.
Alleles ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Child ; Chimera ; Far East ; Genes, MHC Class II ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; HLA-DR Antigens ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Incidence ; Moyamoya Disease ; Odds Ratio ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of signal detection between the traffic accident patients with and without brain lesions in neuroimaging techniques. METHODS: Subjects were 48 traffic accident patients. All subjects were asked to detect the signals in Signal Detection test of Vienna Test System. RESULTS: The number of correct response and the stimulus sensitivity were significantly higher in group without lesion than group with lesion, but the number of false alarm and the response criterion were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a cause of lower signal detection of the patients with brain lesions was not motivational and emotional impairment but cognitive impairment.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Neuroimaging

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human Troponin T & I (TnT, TnI) has several isoforms which have different functional property. This study was designed to describe the isoform expression of TnT & TnI in failing and hypertrophic human heart and during normal development. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Myocardium was attained from hypertrophic hearts (n=10) of TOF patients who underwent myomectomy, from failing hearts (n=10) of transplant recipients, from normal hearts (n=5) of patients in brain death and from aborted fetal hearts (n=5). After the extraction of RNA, RT-PCR was performed for TnT & TnI isoforms and GAPDH to evaluate the isoform expression qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: In terms of TnI, slow skeletal TnI was expressed more than cardiac TnI in fetal hearts[ratio of Troponin over GAPDH (R)=1.3:0.5] but cardiac TnI was dominant in adult hearts (r=0.3:1.1) (p 0.05). Failing hearts showed similar pattern with adult hearts (r=0.3:1.2) and hypertrophic hearts showed the intermediate pattern (r=0.9:1.3). In terms of TnT, T1 and T3 were expressed in fetal hearts (r=0.04, 0.8) but only T3 was expressed in adult hearts (r=1.1). Failing hearts and hypertrophic hearts showed similar pattern with adult hearts and no differences in the amount of expression (r=1.4, 1.3). CONCLUSION: There is isoform switch from fetal to adult form during development and it might be responsible for the differences of myocardial functional property between fetal and adult heart. Failing and hypertrophic hearts showed no differences with normal hearts, which means the isoform switch of TnT & I might have no significant role in functional disturbances in these conditions.
Adult ; Brain Death ; Fetal Heart ; Heart* ; Humans* ; Myocardium ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA ; Transplantation ; Trinitrotoluene ; Troponin T* ; Troponin*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify trends in leadership-related research by reviewing studies on hospital nurses in South Korea.METHODS: The research was conducted from April 2 to 14, 2018 and search databases were RISS, KISS, DBpia, KM base, NAL, and NDSL. Search terms were ‘leadership’ and ‘nursing’ in the Korean language, and total 141 papers were selected.RESULTS: Analysis of the research on leadership showed that 96.4% of research methods were quantitative research, and 60.3% were predictive researches. For study settings, 46.2% were general hospitals, 96.5% were staff nurses. In the study of leadership variables, 60.3% were independent variables and recent leadership was used as a mediating variable (4.3%) and a moderating variable (2.8%). Among the leadership types, self-leadership (31.2%) was the most common, and the main variable related to leadership was job satisfaction (25.8%).CONCLUSION: These results provide useful data for deriving new research ideas about nursing leadership. Furthermore, this study has significance for providing the evidence for developing new leadership programs and policies in nursing organizations.
Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Leadership ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Nursing Research

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histologic features of the uterus and adnexae extirpated from gender identity disorder (GID) patients that received depot androgen injection. METHODS: We reviewed the histologic findings of the uterus and adnexae removed from sixteen GID patients, who had taken depot androgen injection for 5~168 months. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (87.5%) showed the atrophied epithelium of exocervix and all of 16 patients (100%) showed the atrophy of endometrium. Seven patients (43.7%) showed multiple cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex and 6 patients (37.5%), 3 patients (18.7%) showed corpus albicans and corpus luteum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous androgen induced atrophy of cervix and endometrium. This effect was more prominent in the endometrium. In addition, PCO-like histologic features were observed in the ovary.
Atrophy ; Cervix Uteri ; Corpus Luteum ; Endometrium ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gender Identity* ; Humans ; Ovary ; Uterus*

Cervical pregnancy is a rare and dangerous form of ectopic pregnancy in which the blastocyst implants within the cervical canal below the internal os of the uterine cervix. The characteristic clinical sign is a severe asymptomatic uterine bleeding in early pregnancy or during curettage. Most cervical pregnancies result in early spontaneous abortion, complicated by severe hemorrhage from the eroded blood vessels within the cervical tissue. Because of uncontrolled profuse vaginal bleeding, total hysterectomy has been the mostly necessitated to control life-threatening bleeding. Transvaginal sonography allows early diagnosis, and conservative treatment (two-time treatment : first treatement with systemic or intraamnionic methotrexate, secondly with curettage or ligature of the uterine arteries) improves the patient's fertility. Successful treatment is defined as elimination of the cervical pregnancy with preservation of the uterus. We report two cases of cervical pregnancy managed, successfully with methotrexate, leucovorin and curettage.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Blastocyst ; Blood Vessels ; Cervix Uteri ; Curettage ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leucovorin ; Ligation ; Methotrexate ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous vasculitis associated with viral hepatitis seems to occur as a hypersensitivity reaction against the circulating viral antigens. Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-encoded X antigen(HBxAg) is known to participate in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) by the inactivation of p53. However, HBxAg has been found in chronic infiammatory lesions without the overexpression of p53. Accordingly, not only EBsAg and HBcAg but also HBxAg may be involved in HCC-associated cutaneous vasculitis, regardless of the alteration of p53. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the expression of HBV-encoded antigens in cutaneous vasculitis accompanied by HBV hepatopathy. Additionally, we have compared the expression of 3 HBV antigens and p53 between vasculitic patients with HCC and in others showing HCC-non-associated vasculitis. METHODS: Immunohistochemically, we examined the expression of HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBxAg in the tissue specimens taken from the vasculitic lesions of the 33 HBsAg-positive enrolled patients with cutaneous vasculitis proven by skin biopsy. RESULTS: 1. The immunohistochemical positivity rate to HBsAg in vasculitic patients with HBV hepatopathy was 66.7% overall. It was 90% in HCC-associated vasculitic subjects and 56.5% in the vasculitic subjects without HCC, respectively. 2. We found the expression of HBxAg in 80% of the vasculitic subjects showing HCC. The vasculitic patients without HCC showed 17,3% of the positivity rate to HBxAg. 3. We could not find the overexpression of p53 in the vasculitic tissue specimens of the HCC patients without the cutaneous metastasis from primary HCC. CONCLUSION: HBsAg, HBcAg and HBxAg may participate in the pathogenesis of cutaneous vasculitis with HBV hepatopathy, regardless of tumorigenesis.
Antigens, Viral ; Biopsy ; Carcinogenesis ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Skin ; Vasculitis*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of intervertebral disc enhancement seen in infectious spondylitis, differentiate between two groups(tuberculous vs pyogenic spondylitis). METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 2002, 83patients underwent operative procedure with confirmed to histopathologic evaluation. Magnetic resonance(MR) images were obtained in all patients and were analyzed retrospectively. 57patients had tuberculosis and 26patients were infected by pyogens. The patterns of gadolinium enhancement of disc were classified into 4 types(post's classification): Type I, non-enhancing; Type II, enhancement of the peripheral rim; Type III, Type II with central area and partial endplate; Type IV, general enhancement. RESULTS: The enhancement patterns observed were as follows: Common pattern of tuberculous spondylitis was Type II, and pyogenic spondylitis was Type III.(p<0.01) This difference may result from pathophysiologic varieties of organisms. CONCLUSION: Careful preoperative MR analysis of the patterns of disc enhancement occuring in infectious spondylitis can be useful for differentiating between the tuberculous and pyogenic spondylitis.
Gadolinium ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Retrospective Studies ; Spondylitis* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tuberculosis