OBJECTIVES: This Study was designed to investigate the pattern of AUI(Alcohol Use Inventory) and MAST(Michigan Alcohol Screening Test) according to the awareness of drinking problem and receptiveness to treatment, and to know whether the type(type1 and type 2 according to Barbor's typology) has effects on the RECPAWAR(acknowledgement and awareness of use problem and receptive to treatment of these problem) score. METHODS: Subjects were 134 alcoholic patients from Alcoholic treatment ward. They were requested to fill up the questionnaires of Korean version of AUI and MAST(MAST for patient and MAST for caretaker). At first, based on the RECPAWAR, they divided into high RECPAWAR group(above 30 percentile) and low RECPAWAR group(below 30 percentile). According to typology, they divided into type 1 and type 2. The data was analyzed by T-test, Correlation, and Regression Analysis. RESULTS: 1) Significant negative correlation was observed between RECPAWAR score and MAST difference score(patient's MAST-caretaker's MAST). 2) High RECPAWAR group had significantly higher scores in the most scales than low RECP-AWAR group, except ENHANCED scale in AUI. 3) There was not significant difference on RECPAWAR score between type 1 and type 2. CONCLUSION: Except ENHANCED scale, the high RECPAWAR group had higher score in the second level scale. As compared with the low RECPAWAR group, the high RECPAWAR group responds more negative in drinking, and is more anxious about their drinking problems. So, they seem to have the objective view about their drinking problems. However the type was not related to receptive and awareness of drinking problem.
Alcoholics* ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Michigan* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report* ; Weights and Measures

Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition that is characterized by reduction in bone volume and an increased vulnerability to fracture, practically of the proximal femur and vertebrae. Unfortunately, osteoporosis does not usually become obvious until a patient presents with a fracture. For this reason, it has been referred to as the silent epidemic. While radiological examination remains the mainstay of diagnosis, there are certain disadvantages associated with this technique. Almost one third of the skeletal mass must be lost before osteoporosis becomes apparent on a plain radiograph and radiological artifacts are not uncommon. Many methods have been developed for quantitative assessment. of the skeleton. So osteoporosis can be detected early and its progression and response to therapy can be carefully monitored. Recently, quantitative computed tomography(QCT) has been investigated as a means for non-invasive quantitative determination of bone mineral density of the spine. Highly signifcant correlation have been found between vertebral trabecular mineral amount and quantity determined by QCT. Furthermore vertebral strength and failure load have been found to correlate well with trabecular density determined by QCT. Authors has analysed bone mineral density(BMD) of 213 patients who visited Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from Jan. 1988 to Sept. 1989. The aims of this study is to compare BMD of osteoporosis group with that of mormal group, to investigate correlation between BMD and age distribution, and to estimate fracture threshold in osteoporosis group. Following results were obtained:l. After 20 years of age, men lose an average of 0.83 per cent of bone per year, and women lose an average of 0.96 per cent per year. Such lost in women seems to be accelerated during and after menopause. 2. The bone mineral densities for the osteoporosis group are lower than those for the normal group by 28.4% for male and 29.7% for female. There was little difference between sex. 3. It is suggested that 90mg/cm3 of BMD is the fracture threshold for the osteoporosis group. 4. The compression fracture rate among post-menopausal women is 38.8%.
Age Distribution ; Artifacts ; Bone Density ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause ; Miners ; Osteoporosis ; Skeleton ; Spine

The brachial plexus injury causes a catastrophic loss of functions of the corresponding upper extremity. However, for a long time, it must have been treated by conservative methods. Recently, with the development of the microsurgery, the brachial plexus lesions were begun to be treated by surgical means, such as neuroiysis, interfascicuiar nerve graft, or neurotization. We experienced seven cases, managed by interfaseicular nerve graft under the operating microscope, and here we presented four cases with the over-one-year results after operations.
Brachial Plexus ; Microsurgery ; Nerve Transfer ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to define the predictors of health related quality of life(HRQoL) of women caregivers of the demented elderly patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 140 pairs of patients with dementia and their caregivers. The characteristics of dementia patients and caregivers, Barthel index and SF-36 were measured in this study. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The health related quality of life(HRQoL) score of women caregivers was 288.35+/-66.10 for norm based scoring. HRQoL of women caregivers was correlated with patients' ADL, severity of dementia, caregivers' age, burden, and family support. The major factors that affected the physical components of women caregivers of patients with dementia was the age of the caregiver, burden, and ADL which explained 36.0% of HRQoL. The main predictors of women caregivers' emotional state was the caregiver's burden. CONCLUSION: Patients' support systems must be implemented to improve the physical HRQoL of caregivers. A caregivers' burden relief program needs to be prepared to increase their emotional HRQoL and further studies and efforts will be needed to evaluate those effects.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult* ; Aged ; Caregivers* ; Dementia* ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Statistics as Topic

This study was intended to develop food and nutrition cyberclass contents for nonmajor students at university. We investigated universities which offered food and nutrition related courses in 1998 by a telephone survey in order to select the most appropriate lecture contents for the nonmajor university students. We investigated to select the most needed lecture contents for the students, 15 questions on evaluation of cyberclasses which they took. The number of subjects were 140 students of 'C' university who registered for nonmajor food and nutrition course in 1998. Among 140 students, 80 were cyberclass students and 60 were non cyberclass students. The results of the survey were as following : Fifty-five universities out of 62 had curriculums on food and nutrition in 1998 and 36,802 students attended the non major food and nutrition lectures. 84.9% of the respondents had their own computes and the main application mostly used was word processing. Additionally, 33.3% of them used on-line communications and 81.4% of them used internet. The most interesting subject of the respondents was 'disease and nutrition management'. The male respondents were concerned more about 'alcohol and health', whereas the females were concerned about 'obesity and weight control'.
Curriculum ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Lectures ; Male ; Telephone ; Word Processing

Adjustable strabismus surgery sometimes fails because of changes in the angle of deviation which develops a few days after surgery. Therefore, the delayed adjustment was recommended; however, the postoperative tissue adhesion disturbed this delayed adjustment. We studied 20 eyes of 10 rabbits; adjustable strabismus surgery was performed on each of the right lateral rectus muscles by hemichangback technique for control study and the surgery on each left lateral rectus muscle was performed by same methods using polyethylene film. The polyethylene film was wrapped around the muscle allowing it to be placed between the muscle and sclera, and between the muscle and cojunctiva. The mean duration of postoperative tissue adhesion was 1.6 +/- 0.70 days in control group and 18.7 +/- 7.09 days in polyethylene group. These results suggested that the use of polyethylene film provides a valuable resource to defer the adjustment by preventing the postoperative tissue adhesion.
Muscles ; Polyethylene* ; Rabbits* ; Sclera ; Strabismus* ; Tissue Adhesions

This study was to investigate the changes in nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude and food habit during 'meal management and diet' course to nonmajor university students by questionnaires. 280 students of Chungnam university who registered nonmajor 'meal management and diet' course in the 2003 were the subjects. The results of this study are as follows. BMIs of male and female students were 21.5 and 19.3. According to BMI, underweight subjects were 24.3%, normal and overweight (danger & obesity) subjects were each 62.4% and 13.6%, respectively. The nutrition knowledge scores significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 12.1 to 14.0 after the lecture, and the uncertainty rate of nutrition knowledge decreased significantly. Also, there were no significant differences in nutrition attitude score (39.5 to 39.8 points). Female subjects showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher nutrition knowledge scores (12.3 points) than male (11.4 points). 20% of the subjects smoked and 82.9% had alcohol drinks and 24.4% exercised more than 3 times per week. The subjects who ate regular meals significantly increased from 9.3 to 12.5% after the lecture, and smoking subjects decreased from 20 to 13%, but alcohol drinking subjects did not changed significantly.
Alcohol Drinking ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diet* ; Education* ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Overweight ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thinness ; Uncertainty ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis*

A 56 year old female was admitted because of the right upper quadrant mass for 4 days. She complained of intermittent colicky RUQ pain, fever and chills. So diagnostic procedures was performed: Blood chemistry testings. Ultrasonography. Barium enema, Liver scan, Hepatobiliary scan, ERCP and Abdomen CT, which diagnosed as gall bladder carcinoma. So explolaparotomy was performed and gross operative finding was gall bladder carcinoma with metastatic lymph node and cystic duct stone. So cholecystectomy, hemigastrectomy and anterior segmentectomy of right liver was done. But the biopsy result was cystic duct stone, cholecystitis and gall bladder empyema.
Abdomen ; Barium ; Biopsy ; Chemistry ; Chills ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystitis* ; Cystic Duct* ; Enema ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder