OBJECTIVES: This Study was designed to investigate the pattern of AUI(Alcohol Use Inventory) and MAST(Michigan Alcohol Screening Test) according to the awareness of drinking problem and receptiveness to treatment, and to know whether the type(type1 and type 2 according to Barbor's typology) has effects on the RECPAWAR(acknowledgement and awareness of use problem and receptive to treatment of these problem) score. METHODS: Subjects were 134 alcoholic patients from Alcoholic treatment ward. They were requested to fill up the questionnaires of Korean version of AUI and MAST(MAST for patient and MAST for caretaker). At first, based on the RECPAWAR, they divided into high RECPAWAR group(above 30 percentile) and low RECPAWAR group(below 30 percentile). According to typology, they divided into type 1 and type 2. The data was analyzed by T-test, Correlation, and Regression Analysis. RESULTS: 1) Significant negative correlation was observed between RECPAWAR score and MAST difference score(patient's MAST-caretaker's MAST). 2) High RECPAWAR group had significantly higher scores in the most scales than low RECP-AWAR group, except ENHANCED scale in AUI. 3) There was not significant difference on RECPAWAR score between type 1 and type 2. CONCLUSION: Except ENHANCED scale, the high RECPAWAR group had higher score in the second level scale. As compared with the low RECPAWAR group, the high RECPAWAR group responds more negative in drinking, and is more anxious about their drinking problems. So, they seem to have the objective view about their drinking problems. However the type was not related to receptive and awareness of drinking problem.
Alcoholics* ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Michigan* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report* ; Weights and Measures

This study assessed the extent to which developmental assets predict or contribute to the reduction of health risk behaviors among Korean adolescents. The concept of developmental assets was introduced by Benson and his colleagues as building blocks for healthy child and adolescent's development. Their framework of 40 developmental assets encompasses positive external environmental factors and internal personal qualities which strongly influence adolescents' quality of life. We analyzed data from our 'Korean Youth Health Related Behaviors and Developmental Assets Survey.' The survey was based on self-reported questionnaires we distributed to 3,739 grade 9 students at eight schools across two cities in South Korea in 2001. The 40 developmental assets were measured by using 5-point Likert scales, and health risk behaviors were measured in terms of the prevalence or the experience rate. We identified the predictors of each health risk behavior among the 40 developmental assets using multiple logistic regression analyses. We found that the assets of 'restraint', 'positive peer influence', and 'time at home' were commonly the most important predictors associated with decreased reports of most health risk behaviors except depression. 'Self-esteem' was the most important predictor of decreased reports of depression and suicide. Other internal and external developmental assets were identified as important predictors to specific behaviors. We concluded that the positive asset promotion approach would be more effective and important than the risk factor approach in preventing effectively health risk behaviors among adolescents, and that intervention programs should include more comprehensive and adolescent-based strategies to promote adolescents' health and quality of life by a multi-level multi-dimensional approach.
Adolescent ; Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures

As a result of cumulative experience in the fields of health education and health promotion, theories related to health behavior have made remarkable progress over the last two decades. In addition to examining the impact of psychological and behavioral factors on health, the field now recognizes the importance of how social, economic, cultural, and political factors influence health behaviors. Health promotion activities now combine educational and ecological supports for promoting actions and conditions conductive to good health. Theoretical approaches to health promotion facilitate the planning and evaluation of health programs. Effective program requires a systematic, comprehensive, ecological approach and population-based planning as well as an evaluation of program objectives. This paper discuss how theories can contribute to health promotion practices in primary health care settings and suggests ways in which physicians can improve the health of their patients. Physicians today must broaden their role and cannot simply deliver health information which has become accessible through the media and internet. Health promotion theories benefit patient education, physician training, and organization for health promotion. Many physicians are not familiar with theories of health behavior based on strategies and methods developed from social science as well as health science. But thes can easily be rectified through a greater awareness of the contribution theories can makd to the field, and through additional educational supports which can allow physicians to make use of theories in their health pormotion practices.
Community Health Planning ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Internet ; Patient Education as Topic ; Politics ; Primary Health Care* ; Social Sciences

To investigate predictable ultrasonographic findings of early abortion. To investigate objective rules for the screening of abortion Ultrasonographic examination of 111 early pregnancies between the sixth and ninth week in women who had regular 28 day menstrual cycles was performed. Ultrasonographic measurements of the gestational sac. Crown rump length and fetal heart rate were performed using a linear array real time transducer with doppler ultrasonogram. All measurements of 17 early abortions were compared to those of 94 normal pregnancies. Most of early aborted pregnanices were classified correctly by disciminant analysis with G-SAC and CRL (GSAC=0.5 CRL+15. Sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 96.8%). With the addition of FHR, 94.1 of early abortions could be predicted. In conclusion, ultrasonographic findings of early intrauterine growth retardation. Small gestational sac and bradycardia can be predictable signs suggestive of poor prognosis of early pregnancies.
Bradycardia ; Crown-Rump Length ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Sac ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Menstrual Cycle ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Cancer screening for early detection of cancer is essential in the reduction of cancer mortality, but it cannot be successful without the general public's active participation in performing the screening tests. The aim of this study was to examine the stage of readiness for cancer screening among Korean adults by using one of the stage theories, the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). METHODS: We developed a survey instrument to assess cancer screening behavior by applying the stages of the PAPM. A total of 1,057 adults participated across four municipalities from two metropolitan cities (Incheon and Busan) and two provinces (Kyeonggi-Do and Kyeongsangnam-Do) in Korea. The individuals were classified according to their stage of readiness to perform cancer screening tests regardless of the specific site of cancer. RESULTS: Overall, 28.6% of the participants surveyed had been screened for cancer in the two years prior to our survey. Among those who had not been screened, some had never heard of or had not thought about cancer screening (28.6%). Others were considering the possibility of performing cancer screening tests (29.8%) or had decided to perform them but had not yet acted (11.6%), while a few had decided not to perform them (1.5%). The most significant factors influencing whether or not cancer screening was performed were family experience with cancer screening, sex, age, marital status, region, and financial resources. CONCLUSION: In order to promote cancer screening in the general population, we should make adequate and appropriate interventions (including information, education, financial supports, etc.) to improve individuals' readiness to perform cancer screening.
Adult* ; Early Detection of Cancer* ; Education ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Mortality

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of QiGong gymnastics exercise program in the physiopsychological parameter inessential hypertension. The design of the research was a one group pretest-posttest design. A total of 20 patients with hypertension who were from forty to sixty-five years old participated in the study. The Qi Gong gymnastics program was carried out twice a week for thirty minutes or forty minutes for six weeks from 22, Sep. to 31, Oct. in 1997. In order to evaluate the effect of the QiGong gymnastics program physiological parameter(blood pressure, pulse rate, FVC, FEV1, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Cortisol) and psychological parameter(self-efficacy, Life satisfaction) were measured before and after the exercise program. Collected data was analyzed by the paired t-test with SAS package. The result are as follows: 1) There were significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure, but there was no significant change in pulse rate. 2) There were no significant difference in FVC and FEV1. 3) There were significant decrease in epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol. 4) There were significant improved in general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. 5) The effect of QiGong gymnastics program by measurement time on blood pressure and pulse rate were as follows: In a systolic blood pressure was gradually significant decreased from 1 week to 6 weeks and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after 4 weeks. But there was no significant in pulse rate. This results suggest that QiGong gymnastics are an appropriate nursing intervention for clients with hypertension. For further research is necessary to reevaluate the effect with a letter experimental design and longer period than 8 weeks for the QiGong gymnastics program.
Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Gymnastics* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hypertension* ; Norepinephrine ; Nursing ; Qi* ; Qigong* ; Research Design

These experiments were performed to investigate the effect of saline, tryptophan, tryptophan-imipramine and/or imipramine on serotonin immunoreactivity in raphe nucleus of midbrain of the rats (180~200 g, body weight). The animals were injected i.p. with tryptophan (15 mg/kg) and imipramine (15 mg/kg) for 20 days. The result by immunohistochemical methods were as follows; 1. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were significantly increased in tryptophan treated group compared to imipramine treated group. 2. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were decreased in imipramine treated group compared all the other group. 3. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were significantly decreased in tryptophanimipramine treated group compared to imipramine treated group. These experiments indicated that serotonin immunoreactive neurons in raphe of midbrain were increased due to the activation of tryptophan and decreased by suppresing activation of tryptophan through imipramine treatment.
Animals ; Imipramine* ; Mesencephalon* ; Neurons ; Raphe Nuclei* ; Rats* ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

We studied to investigate the predictive values of gated SPECT for the improvement of wall motion after bypass surgery. As we compared postoperative SPECT with preoperative ones, we defined viability as wall motion improvement. We performed rest T1-20l/stress Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT in 25 patients before and 3 months after bypass surgery. Myocardial wall motion was graded as normal, hypokinesia, a kinesia, and dyskinesia by pair-wise visual analysis of gated pre and postoperative SPECT's on the same monitor wall motion abnormalities before operation, 69 (75%) improved and 23 did not. Before operation, we could find segments with good systolic thickenining 64 segments among total 92. Thickening of the remaining 28 was poor. Wall motion improved postoperatively in 45 segments (70%) among 64 with good thickening, Twenty four(86%) among 28 segments with poor thickening had also improved. We grouped segments into mild(hypokinetic) and severe(akinetic/dyskinetic) ones. Among 33 segments with severe motion abnormalities, 14 had good thickening and 19 did not. Nine(60%) improved out of 14 segments having severe abnormality with good thickening. However, 16(84%) segments out of 19 having severe abnormality with poor thickening also improved. Neither degree of perfusion decrease nor severity of wall motion abnormalities could explain the high rate of false negatives. In conclusion, as we defined viability as wall motion improvement by comparing pre and postoperative SPECT, systolic thickening observed by gated Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT in myocardial segments with wall motion abnormalities predicted wall motion improvement after bypass surgery. However, poor thickening could not be referred as evidence of nonviable myocardium both in mild and severe contractile dysfunction, so that we might need stimulation study such as dobutamine echocardiography or dobutamine gated SPECT.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dobutamine ; Dyskinesias ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Myocardium ; Perfusion* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Sepsis* ; Vibrio cholerae* ; Vibrio*