The purpose of this study is to observe students' eating habits and to evaluate the necessity of high school breakfast service by surveying concerned persons such as high school dietitians, parents, and students to find practical solutions to decrease the breakfast-skipping rate of the high school students in Chungcheong. The data were collected from 75 dietitians, 584 students, and 420 parents. Parents and students participated the survey more positively, and the more monthly income participants' families had, the probability of participation increased by 1.5 times (OR=1.452). Parents suggested that breakfast should be offered at a lower price (1,000~2,000 won) than school lunch, and for the school breakfast cost, they preferred to bear the expense together with schools. For the type of breakfast, the dietitians preferred convenient foodservice (40.0%), the students preferred simple meals such as bread, milk, fruit and salad (3.97), and Kimbap, Joomukbap et al (3.93) rather than Korean traditional foods (3.76) such as rice, soup and side dish. The dietitians answered ‘needed’ and ‘very much needed’ to the necessity of breakfast relatively low by 30.7%. As the result of the study, the researchers suggest the execution of school breakfast program should start first for the students who cannot have breakfast at home. Moreover, more studies should be conducted to reduce the constantly increasing rate of breakfast-skipping rate of high school students.
Bread ; Breakfast ; Eating ; Fruit ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Milk ; Nutritionists ; Parents

Esthetics ; Facial Asymmetry ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Jaw ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy ; Rhinoplasty ; Seoul ; Surgery, Oral ; Surgery, Plastic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neural correlates associated with recovery of motor function over 6 months in patients with basal ganglia (BG) stroke using acetazolamide (ACZ) stress brain-perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Medical records of 22 patients presenting first-ever BG stroke were retrospectively reviewed. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) were measured for 9 regions in each cerebral hemisphere (primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, BG, and thalamus). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) motor score was used to assess motor function. RESULTS: After ACZ injection, CBF of all regions of interest (ROIs) increased compared with baseline. Baseline CBF of all ROIs was not significantly correlated with changes in FMA upper or lower motor score. However, multivariate analysis revealed CVR was significantly associated with change in FMA upper score in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (R2=0.216, p=0.017), the ipsilateral parietal lobe (R2=0.135, p=0.029), and the contralateral primary motor cortex (R2=0.210, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: CVR in the bilateral primary motor cortex and ipsilateral parietal lobe was associated with restoration of upper motor function 6 months after BG stroke. SPECT is a readily available imaging modality useful in studying brain residual function in patients with BG stroke.
Acetazolamide ; Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Motor Cortex ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neural correlates associated with recovery of motor function over 6 months in patients with basal ganglia (BG) stroke using acetazolamide (ACZ) stress brain-perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Medical records of 22 patients presenting first-ever BG stroke were retrospectively reviewed. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) were measured for 9 regions in each cerebral hemisphere (primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, BG, and thalamus). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) motor score was used to assess motor function. RESULTS: After ACZ injection, CBF of all regions of interest (ROIs) increased compared with baseline. Baseline CBF of all ROIs was not significantly correlated with changes in FMA upper or lower motor score. However, multivariate analysis revealed CVR was significantly associated with change in FMA upper score in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (R2=0.216, p=0.017), the ipsilateral parietal lobe (R2=0.135, p=0.029), and the contralateral primary motor cortex (R2=0.210, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: CVR in the bilateral primary motor cortex and ipsilateral parietal lobe was associated with restoration of upper motor function 6 months after BG stroke. SPECT is a readily available imaging modality useful in studying brain residual function in patients with BG stroke.
Acetazolamide ; Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Motor Cortex ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional practitioner as nurse who will be interested in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for contributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relevance for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what death, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing. This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st century. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing. Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial. This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for postretinal roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is time to convoke and content and standardization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.
Child* ; Curriculum* ; Education, Nursing ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing* ; Veins ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Four 3-day-old piglets with retarded growth were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for diagnosis. Necropsy showed that one piglet had black spots ranging from 2 mm to 1 cm in diameter in the cerebellum, lungs, regional lymph nodes, and cecum. Histological findings were consistent with the gross appearance in which melanin pigmentation was observed in the organs mentioned above. Based on Fontana-Masson staining, we diagnosed this animal with systemic melanosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of systemic melanosis in black breeds of swine in Korea.
Animals ; Cecum ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Korea ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanins ; Melanosis* ; Pigmentation ; Plants ; Quarantine ; Swine

In this study, we describe a case of epitheliogenesis imperfecta (EI) observed in the fetus of Korean native cattle. The fetus had multifocal areas of skin defect, especially on the distal portions of the four limbs, and the affected areas were bright-red and glistening. Histopathologically, these areas were characterized by complete absence of squamous epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis, atrophy of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in Korean native cattle.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Cattle* ; Dermis ; Epithelium ; Extremities ; Fetus* ; Hair Follicle ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

PURPOSE: Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT) means a persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism even after successful renal transplantation. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is an efficient way to treat tHPT. In this study, we reviewed our single center Experience of PTX in regard to postoperative outcomes and analyzed any differences by the types of surgery. METHODS: Among 2,589 recipients who underwent renal allograft between April. 1979 and Dec. 2006, 11 patients (0.4%) were identified to have tHPT and underwent PTX. Levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and serum calcium were measured before and after PTX to evaluate therapeutic effect, and serum-creatinine and GFR using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation to investigate any effect to graft function. RESULTS: One patient showed persistent hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia after subtotal PTX. We experienced 10 successful PTXs in which 2 total PTX with autotransplantations, 4 subtotal PTXs and 4 limited PTXs. Level of iPTH and serum calcium were at normal range after PTX. Serum creatinine increased and estimated GFR decreased after PTX. Total PTX with autotransplantation showed a tendency of more decrease in the values of iPTH, and GFR after PTX than Subtotal PTX. CONCLUSION: PTX can cure tHPT-specific symptoms and sign by the recovery of hypercalcemia but may carry the risk of deterioration of kidney graft function. Subtotal PTX rather than total PTX might be recommended in the surgical treatment of tHPT to prevent any risk of kidney graft deterioration.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Parathyroidectomy ; Reference Values ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of the large tumor suppressor (LATS) genes LATS1 and LATS2 by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer, and to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of LATS expression and its correlation with overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: LATS1 and LATS2 expression in a tissue microarray was detected by immunohistochemistry, using 264 gastric cancer specimens surgically resected between July 2006 and December 2009. RESULTS: Low expression of LATS1 was significantly associated with more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.032), lymph node (LN) metastasis (P=0.040), perineural invasion (P=0.042), poor histologic grade (P=0.007), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P=0.033). Low expression of LATS2 was significantly correlated with older age (≥65, P=0.027), more advanced AJCC stage (P=0.001) and T stage (P=0.001), LN metastasis (P=0.004), perineural invasion (P=0.004), poor histologic grade (P<0.001), and diffuse-type histology by the Lauren classification (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly poor OS rates in the groups with low LATS1 (P=0.037) and LATS2 (P=0.037) expression. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of LATS1 or LATS2 is a significant marker for a good prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Classification ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Joints ; Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms*

Tricuspid valve endocarditis accounts for 5% to 10% of cases of infective endocarditis. It commonly occurs in intravenous drug abusers, intravenous catheters, alcoholism, immune deficiency and genital sepsis. But right sided infective endocarditis without predisposing factor is very rare. S. aureus is the usual pathogen. We experienced a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a 32 year old female with vegetation in a non drug addict without underlying cardiac disease. The vegetation on the septal cusp of tricuspid valve and tricuspid regurgitation were found by TTE & TEE. S. aureus was identified in 4 bottles of blood cultures. The diagnosis was delayed because the cardiac manifestations of the disease were subtle, and pleuropulmonary manifestations predominant. So we report a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a non drug addict without underlying cardiac disease with a review of literature.
Adult ; Alcoholism ; Catheters ; Causality ; Diagnosis ; Drug Users ; Endocarditis* ; Female ; Heart Diseases* ; Humans ; Sepsis ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Tricuspid Valve*