The purpose of this study was to understand and describe experience of the persons with colostomy using ethnographic method. Nine patients were interviewed by authors to explore the experience of the persons with colostomy. The data were collected using informal and in-depth interview, field notes, and medical records. The results were as follows : 1. The ostomates had experienced various physical and psychososcial difficulties in daily life. 1) The physical difficulties include the problems in the management of pouch, a formation of gas, skin irritation, diet control, sexual life, the loss of the sense of defecation, and fatigue. 2) The psychosocial difficulties were anxiety, a sense of disability, a feeling of shame being unable to accept the colostomy, a change in dressing, an economic burden, a withdrawal from social life, a burden of colostomy care, and a burden of sexual life. 2. The process of coping with these difficulties includes positive attitude to colostomy, the acceptance of colostomy care, and the mastery of colostomy care. 1) The positive attitude to colostomy was accomplished through personifying colostomy and positive thinking. 2) The acceptance of colostomy care was accomplished through physical recovery, passive acceptance, and a sense of independence. 3) The mastery of colostomy care was accomplished through diet control, acquirement of self care skills of colostomy. The results of the study might help nurses and other health care workers develop effective nursing interventions for ostomates by understanding ostomates' problems and their coping strategies.
Anxiety ; Bandages ; Colostomy ; Defecation ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diet ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Nursing ; Self Care ; Shame ; Skin ; Thinking

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the relationships between knowledge about osteoporosis and cognitive factors in middle-aged women. METHOD: The subjects were 293 middle-aged women. Data collection was performed by using a questionnaire that included an Osteoporosis Knowledge Test, Osteoporosis Self- Efficacy Scale and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale developed by Kim, Horan and Gendler (1991). Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: The mean osteoporosis knowledge was 14.0. The subscale means of osteoporosis health belief variables were: susceptibility 15.9, seriousness 17.2, benefits of exercise 22.9, benefits of calcium 21.4, barriers to exercise 20.9, barriers to calcium 22.5, and health motivation 18.6. The mean osteoporosis self-efficacy was 39.3 with a moderate score. There were significantly positive correlations among knowledge about osteoporosis, health belief, and self-efficacy about osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, and osteoporosis self-efficacy are related. Therefore, knowledge through education is an important factor in behavioral changes and it contributes to increase the health belief and self-efficacy of osteoporosis.
Calcium ; Data Collection ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Motivation ; Osteoporosis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived health state, personality, situational barrier, health promoting behavior, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention. METHOD: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Data were 396 undergraduate students of one university in Chung-Buk. The instruments for this study were the modified health promoting behavior scale developed by Bak, Insuk(1995), and the modified perceived health state scale developed by Im, Meeyoung (1998), the modified personality scale developed by Park, Youngbae(1998), the modified situational barrier scale developed by Im, Meeyoung(1998). RESULT: The results of this study showed that the mean score for perceived health state 2.72, personality 3.35, situational barrier 2.72 and health promoting behavior 2.67. The health promoting behavior categories, scores for 'sanitary life'(3.08), 'self-actualization and interrelationship'(2.93) were higher than the mean score, whereas scores for 'healthy diet'(2.64), 'rest and sleep'(2.62), 'exercise and stress management'(2.49), and 'diet management' (2.25) were lower than the mean score. This study revealed the negative correlation between perceived health state, personality, situational barrier and health promoting behavior in undergraduate students. CONCLUSION: Perceived health state accounted for 16% and personality accounted for 21.3% of the variance in health promoting behavior in students. Therefore, health promoting programs that increase health state and personality should be developed to promote health behavior and to diminish situational barrier for students in Korea.
Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was done to identify effects of perceived organizational support (POS) on job involvement and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in hospital nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, 2011. Participants in this study were 324 nurses working in 6 general hospitals in S, K, and C cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: POS was positively correlated with job involvement, and OCB (altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship and civic virtue). Factors influencing job involvement were POS and marital status, which accounted for 15.7% of the variance, marital status influenced altruism, which accounted for 4% of the variance, POS influenced conscientiousness, which accounted for 10% of the variance, religion and marital status influenced courtesy, which accounted for 6.5% of the variance, age influenced sportsmanship, which accounted for 7.9% of the variance, and POS and clinical career influenced civic virtue, which accounted for 23.1% of the variance. Job involvement mediated on the relation between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that hospital administrators should explore ways of improve POS for better job involvement, conscientiousness, and civic virtue.
Altruism ; Hospital Administrators ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Virtues

PURPOSE: This study was carried outto compare dietary self-efficacy, obesity stress, and obesity-related quality of life (OQOL) according to BMI and stages of change in vegetable consumption. METHODS: A convenience sample of 326 nursing students agreed to complete a questionnaire. Data were collected from October 7 to October 18, 2013. RESULTS: Obesity stress and obesity-related quality of life were significantly different according to BMI. Dietary self-efficacy showed a significant difference between the pre-contemplation/contemplation stage, preparation stage, and action/maintenance stage (F=50.18, p<.001). With obesity stress, there was a significant difference between the PC/C, P, and A/M stages (F=17.63, p<.001). Dietary self-efficacy had a positive correlation with OQOL (r=.11, p<.001) and a negative correlation with obesity stress (r=-.14, p=.012). And obesity stress had a negative correlation with OQOL (r=-.45, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize that nutritional-intervention programs for changes in behavior during the PC/C and P stages of change in vegetable consumption need to develop strategies to enhance dietary self-efficacy for nursing students.
Humans ; Obesity* ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing* ; Vegetables*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of personality characteristics and decision making type on the self-leadership of nursing students. METHODS: The participants were 336 nursing students using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between self-leadership and extraversion (r=.50, p<.001), agreeableness (r=.22, p<.001), conscientiousness (r=.60, p<.001), openness to experience (r=.36, p<.001), and rational style (r=.47, p<.001). However the correlation between self-leadership and dependent style was significantly negative (r=-.11, p=.044). Conscientiousness (β=.60, p<.001), extraversion (β=.28, p<.001), and rational style (β=.21, p<.001), openness to experience (β=.18, p<.001), and degree of leadership level (β=.10, p=.020) were identified as factors affecting self-leadership. The explanation power of this regression model was 50.0% and it was statistically significant (F=67.52, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that effective self-leadership programs should be developed by including conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience, and rational decision making.
Decision Making* ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Humans ; Leadership ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of transformational leadership and individual characteristics on nurses' job involvement. METHOD: The sample for this study consisted of 594 nurses from 8 large Korean hospitals. The factor analysis was drawn from the Cronbach's alpha analysis, the Pearson correlation analysis, the multiple regression analysis, and the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Result: This study found that; (1) charisma dimension of transformational leadership has positive influence on job involvement; but intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration did not showed significant effects on job involvement (2) nurse individual characteristics (age, marital status, educational level, tenure, position) moderated the effect of transformational leadership on job involvement. Conclusion : Therefore, to improve job involvement nurses are required to apply the charisma dimension of transformational leadership in hospital organization.
Humans ; Leadership* ; Marital Status

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of moral sensitivity and ethical values on biomedical ethics awareness of nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. The participants were 324 nursing students from S University located in J city. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey done from September 30 to October 18, 2014. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors influencing nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness were identified as moral sensitivity(beta=.34), ethical values(beta=.11), awareness of Korean nurses' declaration of ethics(beta=.15), religion(beta=.14), and religious activity(beta=.12). Five factors explained 10.8% of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop further educational programs on the moral sensitivity and ethical values for enhancement of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness.
Bioethics* ; Humans ; Morals ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Korea*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention in male smokers. METHOD: The subjects were 259 male smokers in J city. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from Nov. to Dec. of 2003. The data was analyzed by the SPSS (ver.10.0)computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. RESULT: The smoking cessation intention had a significant positive correlation among health-related quality of life (r=.159), smoking knowledge (r=.161), and smoking attitude (r=.127). These variables account for 26.8% of smoking cessation intention. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the smoking cessation program to enhance the health-related quality of life, smoking knowledge, and smoking cessation intention and to increase a negative influence on smoking attitude need to be developed. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a smoking cessation program in male smokers.
Smoking Cessation/*psychology ; Smoking/*psychology ; *Quality of Life ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea ; *Intention ; Humans ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Adult