No abstract available.
Aeromonas hydrophila* ; Aeromonas* ; Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVE: Bone mineral loss in the upper extremity of hemiplegic patients can increase the prevalence of fractures that interrupt the rehabilitation program and lower the level of activity. The aim of this study was to investigate any difference between the affected and unaffected forearm's bone mineral density (BMD) and evaluate the relationship between several clinical variables and osteoporosis of hemiplegic forearm. METHOD: Sixty-seven hemiplegic patients (42 males, 25 females, mean age 55.2 years) were enrolled. The BMD of radius was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 67 hemiplegic subjects. RESULTS: The BMD of affected forearm was significantly lower than unaffected side (p<0.05). The reduction of BMD in the hemiplegic forearm well correlated with duration of hemiplegia, self care of functional independence measure score, complex regional pain syndrome-type 1 (CRPS-1) (p<0.05). But, there was no correlation between BMD and modified Ashworth scale, muscle power of wrist extension. CONCLUSION: Hemiplegic forearm had high prevalence of osteoporosis like lower extremity. Therefore, increasing level of ADL and early detection of CRPS-1 was necessary for prevention of osteoporosis of forearm.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Activities of Daily Living ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Forearm ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Radius ; Rehabilitation ; Self Care ; Upper Extremity* ; Wrist

Objective: To assess whether performing exercises during hemodialysis reduces the risk of developing intradialytic hypotension and enhances exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing hemodialysis. Participants performed exercises using a portable lower extremity ergometer during hemodialysis sessions for 3 weeks. Data regarding walking distance, knee strength, quality of life, fat-free mass, arterial pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, fatigue, and duration of hemodialysis were collected and analyzed. Results: Significant improvements in walking distance and knee strength were observed following the implementation of exercise training during hemodialysis. Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of intradialytic hypotension, a decreasing trend was noted. Other parameters such as quality of life and fatigue did not show significant changes. Conclusion Using a portable ergometer during hemodialysis improved exercise capacity and knee strength in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was a trend toward reduced intradialytic hypotension, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess whether performing exercises during hemodialysis reduces the risk of developing intradialytic hypotension and enhances exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing hemodialysis. Participants performed exercises using a portable lower extremity ergometer during hemodialysis sessions for 3 weeks. Data regarding walking distance, knee strength, quality of life, fat-free mass, arterial pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, fatigue, and duration of hemodialysis were collected and analyzed. Results: Significant improvements in walking distance and knee strength were observed following the implementation of exercise training during hemodialysis. Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of intradialytic hypotension, a decreasing trend was noted. Other parameters such as quality of life and fatigue did not show significant changes. Conclusion Using a portable ergometer during hemodialysis improved exercise capacity and knee strength in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was a trend toward reduced intradialytic hypotension, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess whether performing exercises during hemodialysis reduces the risk of developing intradialytic hypotension and enhances exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing hemodialysis. Participants performed exercises using a portable lower extremity ergometer during hemodialysis sessions for 3 weeks. Data regarding walking distance, knee strength, quality of life, fat-free mass, arterial pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, fatigue, and duration of hemodialysis were collected and analyzed. Results: Significant improvements in walking distance and knee strength were observed following the implementation of exercise training during hemodialysis. Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of intradialytic hypotension, a decreasing trend was noted. Other parameters such as quality of life and fatigue did not show significant changes. Conclusion Using a portable ergometer during hemodialysis improved exercise capacity and knee strength in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was a trend toward reduced intradialytic hypotension, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess whether performing exercises during hemodialysis reduces the risk of developing intradialytic hypotension and enhances exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing hemodialysis. Participants performed exercises using a portable lower extremity ergometer during hemodialysis sessions for 3 weeks. Data regarding walking distance, knee strength, quality of life, fat-free mass, arterial pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, fatigue, and duration of hemodialysis were collected and analyzed. Results: Significant improvements in walking distance and knee strength were observed following the implementation of exercise training during hemodialysis. Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of intradialytic hypotension, a decreasing trend was noted. Other parameters such as quality of life and fatigue did not show significant changes. Conclusion Using a portable ergometer during hemodialysis improved exercise capacity and knee strength in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was a trend toward reduced intradialytic hypotension, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is the most common cause of opportunistic central nervous system infection in advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The incidence of TE has fallen markedly after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy and cotrimoxazole chemoprophylaxis. TE linked to AIDS is a rare entity in Korea, but we must consider TE in the differential diagnosis of the opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. We report a case of toxoplasmic encephalitis in an advanced AIDS patient presenting as progressive right facial palsy.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Chemoprevention ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Encephalitis* ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Opportunistic Infections ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

OBJECTIVE: To document our experience of the vascular anomalies or variants in paraaortic region and intend to increase vigilance among the gynecological surgeons for presence of variable vascular anomalies or variants. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 280 patients with various gynecologic malignancies who had undergone systemic laparotomic or laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy between November 2003 and July 2011. RESULTS: We discovered total nine patients of vascular anomalies during the surgery. Seven patients had an accessory polar renal artery. One patient had a duplicated inferior vena cava and the other had a right paravertebral vein. There were no vascular complications such as tearing, ligation or transection. CONCLUSION: It is not uncommon to encounter vascular anomalies in paraaortic region during the lymphadenectomy. Hence, the gynecological surgeons must be cognizant of various vascular anomalies occurring within this area to reduce the vascular accidents.
Humans ; Ligation ; Lymph Node Excision ; Renal Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Purpose: Pelvis fractures are associated with bladder and urethral injury (BUI). The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with BUI in patients with pelvic fracture. Methods: Patients (> 18 years) with pelvic injury (N = 314) at our hospital between January 2015 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed for age, sex, cause of injury, initial vital signs, urine red blood cell (RBC) count, Glasgow Coma Scale and Abbreviated Injury Scale score, Injury Severity Score, preperitoneal pelvic packing, and femur, lumbar spine, and pelvic fractures. Results: Compared with the BUI-absent group, the BUI-present group had a greater percentage of patients who were male (79.2% vs. 55.9%; p = 0.026), had a urine RBC count/high power field (HPF) ≥ 30 (94.4% vs. 38.8%; p < 0.001), underwent preperitoneal pelvic packing (37.5% vs. 18.6%; p = 0.035), had symphysis pubis diastasis (33.3% vs. 11.7%; p = 0.008), and had sacroiliac joint dislocation (54.2% vs. 23.4%; p = 0.001). Independent risk factors associated with BUI were symphysis pubis diastasis [odds ratio (OR) was 3.958 (95% confidence interval: 1.191–13.154); p = 0.025] and a urine RBC count/HPF ≥ 30 [OR = 25.415 (95% confidence interval: 3.252–198.637); p = 0.006]. Of those with BUI, 15 patients were diagnosed at the trauma bay, and 9 had a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion Patients with pelvic injury who display symphysis pubis diastasis or have a urine RBC count/ HPF ≥ 30 are at higher risk of BUI, therefore, further BUI investigations should be considered.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease in industrialized countries. Recent studies have highlighted the association between peroxisomal dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. Peroxisomes are intracellular organelles that contribute to several crucial metabolic processes, such as facilitation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and removal of reactive oxygen species through catalase or plasmalogen synthesis. Statins are known to prevent hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but underlying mechanisms of this prevention are largely unknown. METHODS: Seven-week-old C57BL/6J mice were given normal chow or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) with or without various statins, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin (15 mg/kg/day), for 6 weeks. Histological lesions were analyzed by grading and staging systems of NASH. We also measured mitochondrial and peroxisomal FAO in the liver. RESULTS: Statin treatment prevented the development of MCDD-induced NASH. Both steatosis and inflammation or fibrosis grades were significantly improved by statins compared with MCDD-fed mice. Gene expression levels of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were decreased by MCDD and recovered by statin treatment. MCDD-induced suppression of mitochondrial and peroxisomal FAO was restored by statins. Each statin's effect on increasing FAO and improving NASH was independent on its effect of decreasing cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Statins prevented NASH and increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal FAO via induction of PPARα. The ability to increase hepatic FAO is likely the major determinant of NASH prevention by statins. Improvement of peroxisomal function by statins may contribute to the prevention of NASH.
Animals ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Developed Countries ; Diet ; Fatty Liver* ; Fibrosis ; Gene Expression ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Inflammation ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Metabolism ; Mice* ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Organelles ; Peroxisomes ; Pravastatin ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Simvastatin