The recent cases of anthrax due to bioterrorism in the United States have reminded us that our society is also vulnerable to biological attacks. Illnesses due to bioterrorism are not naturally occurring diseases, and therefore may show presentations not familiar to many doctors. The last case of smallpox was reported in 1960, and doctors aged less than 60 years have no experience of smallpox. Anthrax is a rare zoonosis, and no case of inhalation anthrax has been reported in Korea. American doctors might be on high alert to bioterrorism after September 11, 2001. However, it took more than 2 weeks from the symptom onset of the index case to the recognition that anthrax outbreak had occurred due to bioterrorism. This delay shows how difficult it is to recognize bioterrorism. This article describes clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents, especially agents causing anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulism.
Anthrax ; Biological Warfare Agents* ; Biological Warfare* ; Bioterrorism ; Botulism* ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Korea ; Plague* ; Smallpox ; United States

No abstract available.
Transplants*

No abstract available.
Fever*

No abstract available.
HIV*

No abstract available.
Dysentery, Bacillary*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Scrub Typhus* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies*

No abstract available.
Ameloblastoma

This study was undertaken to know the extent of apoptosis, expression of bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; 15 cases) and invasive carcinoma (27 cases) and to evaluate them as a prognostic marker. Apoptosis was analysed by using the in situ apoptosis detection kit and bcl-2 and PCNA were detected by the immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: Apoptotic indices (AI) in the invasive carcinoma (mean: 4.3) were 10-times higher than that in the CIN (mean: 0.43). Bcl-2 was expressed 60% of the cases in the dysplastic cells of the CIN II and CIN III, 33.3% of cases in the invasive carcinoma and not expressed in the CIN I except basal cells. The expression of the PCNA was increased by the grades of CIN and was strong in invasive carcinoma. The mean survival time of the patient with invasive carcinoma was significantly decreased in the higher AI index (above 4.3) than in the lower AI index (below 4.3). There was no significant correlation between the extent of apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2. According to the above results, AI are able to be used as an independent prognostic marker in the invasive cervical carcinoma, and bcl-2 and PCNA have an important role in the tumorigenesis of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Humans ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Survival Rate

Primary sarcomas of the liver are rare. A case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver is reported. A 55-year-old male was admitted with epigastric pain. An abdominal computed tomographic scan disclosed a 10cm, low-density area in the left lobe of the liver. Histological examination of the resected tumor showed bundles of spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern. In some areas, many bizarre giant cells were scattered. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and weakly positive for vimentin. The tumor cells did not express cytokeratin, desmin or alpha fetoprotein.
alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Desmin ; Giant Cells ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Bacteremia* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*