No abstract available.
Diabetic Retinopathy*

No abstract available.
Diphyllobothrium*

We report two cases of hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma (HTC) of the thyroid gland. These two patients were euthyroid women aged 36 and 65 years of age. The tumors were encapsulated and measured 0.8 and 4.0 cm in diameter, respectively. Histologically, the tumors were composed of a compact proliferation of cells in a lobular and trabecular pattern with an intervening hyalinized, fibrotic vascular stroma. Occasionally the cells were arrayed in microfollicles. Multiple and serial sections showed cords of tumor cells invading into the capsule in both cases and vascular invasion in one case. These findings suggested that HTCs are a malignant counterpart of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma, similar to conventional follicular tumor. Positive immunostaining of tumor cells for thyroglobulin and negative staining for high molecular weight cytokeratin, cytokeratin 19, neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, and synaptophysin allowed distinction from medullary carcinoma. Even though HTCs are an heterogeneous group of tumors, the present two cases are probably variants of follicular carcinoma rather than papillary carcinoma.
Adenoma ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin* ; Keratin-19 ; Keratins ; Molecular Weight ; Negative Staining ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Synaptophysin ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland*

This study was undertaken to know the extent of apoptosis, expression of bcl-2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; 15 cases) and invasive carcinoma (27 cases) and to evaluate them as a prognostic marker. Apoptosis was analysed by using the in situ apoptosis detection kit and bcl-2 and PCNA were detected by the immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: Apoptotic indices (AI) in the invasive carcinoma (mean: 4.3) were 10-times higher than that in the CIN (mean: 0.43). Bcl-2 was expressed 60% of the cases in the dysplastic cells of the CIN II and CIN III, 33.3% of cases in the invasive carcinoma and not expressed in the CIN I except basal cells. The expression of the PCNA was increased by the grades of CIN and was strong in invasive carcinoma. The mean survival time of the patient with invasive carcinoma was significantly decreased in the higher AI index (above 4.3) than in the lower AI index (below 4.3). There was no significant correlation between the extent of apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2. According to the above results, AI are able to be used as an independent prognostic marker in the invasive cervical carcinoma, and bcl-2 and PCNA have an important role in the tumorigenesis of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Humans ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Survival Rate

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 is a causative agent of uterine cervical carcinoma. HPV 16/18 can alter cell cycle regulation through apoptosis. Bcl-2 is an important regulatory gene of apoptosis. A study was done to evaluate the relation between HPV 16/18 and bcl-2 and apoptosis in 21 cases of carcinoma in-situ (CIS), 5 cases of microinvasive carcinoma and 23 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. HPV 16/18 was detected by hybrid capture system (HCS), bcl-2 protein by immunohistochemical method and apoptosis by using the hematoxylin-eosin stained slide. The results were as follows: Expression of the bcl-2 protein was 43% (9/21) in CIS and 26% (6/23) in invasive carcinoma. Expression of the bcl-2 protein was 42% (5/12) in CIS with HPV 16/18 infection, 44% in CIS without HPV 16/18 infection, 20% (2/10) in invasive carcinoma with HPV 16/18 infection and 31% (4/13) in invasive carcinoma without HPV 16/18 infection. Mean apoptotic index (mAI) was 3.36 in CIS, 5.23 in microinvasive and 6.25 in invasive carcinoma. mAI was 3.66 in CIS with HPV 16/18 infection, 2.86 in CIS without HPV 16/18 infection, 6.18 in invasive carcinoma with HPV 16/18 infection and 6.30 in invasive carcinoma without HPV 16/18 infection. Based on these results, we conclude that there are no correlation between HPV infection and bcl-2, and between HPV infection and apoptosis in invasive and in situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and apoptosis is increased according to tumor progression.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Cycle ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Humans

No abstract available.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma with its pathological characteristics and good prognosis. Multilocular renal cysts and renal cell carcinoma with cystic change are important differential diagnoses. We report a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in a 37-year-old woman who came to the hospital because of the right renal mass. The removed right kidney showed a 6x4 cm well defined cystic mass in the lower pole. On cut section there were multiple cavities in the mass, filled with serosanguineous fluid and focal yellowish solid area. Microscopically, these cysts were lined by a single layer of flat or cuboidal cells consisted of clear cytoplasm with small central nuclei. In some portions of the tumor, the clear neoplastic cells formed sheets within the septa or walls of the cysts.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Osteoporosis* ; Spondylolisthesis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the post operative fasting period of neonates in the intensive care unit (ICU) after receiving open heart surgery in order to provide optimal nutrition support for these neonates. The variables included biochemical nutrition indexes (albumin, total lymphocyte count, total cholesterol) and patient outcomes (duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, hospital stay, infectious complication). METHODS: The participants were 124 neonates in ICU after receiving open heart surgery, and the design of this study was to investigate their post operative fasting period retrospectively to analyze the biochemical nutrition indexes and patient outcomes according to post operative fasting period. RESULTS: The results for 4 groups according to post operative fasting period showed that the group with less 48 hours of fasting had the best biochemical nutrition indexes and patient outcomes, followed by the 48-72 hour group, the 72-144 hour group, and the over 144 hour group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that for new born babies receiving open heart surgery, the period of fasting after the operation should be minimized and tube feeding should be started as soon as possible.
Enteral Nutrition ; Fasting ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Lymphocyte Count ; Nutrition Assessment ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery ; Child Health

No abstract available.