Cyclic Neutropenia is a benign, unusual hematologic disorder characterized by regularly recurring episodes of severe neutropenia occurring approximately every 21 days. Beside neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and reticulocytes all cycle with strict periodicity suggest that this disease should be viewed as cyclic hematopoiesis, not merely as cyclic neutropenia. During neutropenic periods, patients regularly experience aphthous stomatitis, fever, malaise, cervical lymphadenitis, cutaneous infections and occasional pneumonia and otitis media. The exact cause of cyclic neutropenia is unknown. But it is strongly suggested that cyclic neurtopenia is due to an abnormality in the regulation of early hematopoietic precursor cells. We have documented a case of cyclic neutropenia for a period of 2.5 years in a 11 year-old boy who had suffered from recurrent fever, stomatitis, gingival swelling, cervical lymphadenitis and skin infections at 3 weeks intervals since 5 years of age. A brief review of the related literatures is presented.
Child ; Fever ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Monocytes ; Neutropenia* ; Neutrophils ; Otitis Media ; Periodicity ; Pneumonia ; Reticulocytes ; Skin ; Stomatitis ; Stomatitis, Aphthous

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is due to acute ischemia of the anterior part of the optic nerve, whose main source of blood supply is from the posterior ciliary circulation, either by direct branches or through the peripapillary choroid, with minor and differing contributions from other sources. The clinical features are charaterized by sudden visual impairment, optic nerve related visual field defect and optic disc edema. For pathogenetic as well as therapeutic reasons, these patient can be subdivided into two major subgroups: a nonarteritic group, an arteritic group. The authors experienced a case of AION, which occurred in a young male, probably arteritic. So, the literature of the AION was briefly reviewed and the purpose of this review is to increase awareness of this not uncommon condition.
Choroid ; Edema ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Fields

Infectious diseases caused by the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), the first outbreak in China, are currently pandemic in the world, including in Korea. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has not been proven and there has been no proper target medicine and vaccine, so it is virtually unprotected and is a serious health problem. A mitigation strategy that lowers and slows the peak of the epidemic is required to ensure efficient distribution of medical resources and time to development of therapeutic medicines and preventive vaccine. For this, close cooperation between the government and medical practitioners are required, and national prevention and prevention of the spread of the community and preparation for inflow from abroad will be required. In addition, large-scale studies on drugs including hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, etc., which are known to be effective as therapeutic agents for COVID-19, are required to develop a vaccine for prevention. The authors hope that this review will assist primary care physicians currently engaged in patient care.

This study aimed to measure the thickness of the epithelium and lamina propria of the palatal mucosa and to elucidate the location of the greater palatine artery to provide the anatomical basis for subepithelial connective tissue grafting. Thirty-two maxillary specimens, taken from the canine distal area to the first molar distal area, were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The thickness of the epithelium and lamina propria of the palatal mucosa was measured at three positions on these specimens, starting from 3 mm below the alveolar crest and in 3-mm intervals. The location of the greater palatine artery was evaluated by using image-processing software. The mean epithelial thickness decreased significantly in the posterior teeth; it was 0.41, 0.36, 0.32, and 0.30 mm in the canine, first premolar, second premolar, and first molar distal areas, respectively. The lamina propria was significantly thicker in the canine distal; it was 1.36, 1.08, 1.09, and 1.05 mm, respectively. The mean length from the alveolar crest to the greater palatine artery increased toward the posterior molar; it was 7.76, 9.21, 10.93, and 11.28 mm, respectively. The mean depth from the surface of the palatal mucosa to the greater palatine artery decreased from the canine distal to the first premolar distal but increased again toward the posterior molar; it was 3.97, 3.09, 3.58, and 5.50 mm, respectively. Detailed histological assessments of the lamina propria of the palatal mucosa and the greater palatine artery are expected to provide useful anatomical guidelines for subepithelial connective tissue grafting.
Arteries ; Bicuspid ; Connective Tissue ; Epithelium ; Molar ; Mucous Membrane ; Paraffin ; Transplants

This study aims to identify effects of intra-dialytic, short-term strength exercises on physical fitness, depression and dialysis adequacy. In addition, we aim to examine the minimum level of momentum that positive effect is displayed for each part. The subjects were 27 hemodialysis patients who have no disability in free living. They were allocated to a moderate amount exercise group and a low amount exercise group. Both groups joined strength exercise program during hemodialysis which was set three times a week for 4 weeks. The exercise program was progressed by warm up, main exercise, and cool down that was designed to use low limb and core muscles. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. In physical factor, body composition, physical fitness, physical function, physical activity level and, dialysis adequacy was measured. In psychological part, depression was measured. As a results, body composition, physical function, physical activity and dialysis adequacy were not changed by exercise intervention. However, leg strength and agility was increased (p<0.05) after 4-week moderate amount exercise program. Also, depression was significantly improved (p<0.05) in both exercise group.
Body Composition ; Depression* ; Dialysis* ; Exercise ; Extremities ; Humans ; Leg ; Motor Activity ; Muscles ; Physical Fitness* ; Renal Dialysis ; Resistance Training

PURPOSE: The cortical bone thickness on the anterior region is important for achieving implant stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bones on the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five cadaver heads were used (16 male and 9 female; mean death age, 56.7 years). After the long axis of alveolar process was set up, it was measured in 5 levels starting from 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (L1) at intervals of 3 mm. All data was analysed statistically by one-way ANOVA at the .05 significance level. RESULTS: The cortical bone thickness according to measurement levels in both the labial and lingual sides increased from L1 to L5, and the lingual side below L3 was significantly thicker than the labial side on the maxilla and mandible. In particular, the labial cortical bone thickness in the maxilla was the thinnest compared to the other regions. The cancellous bone thickness according to measurement levels increased from L1 to L5 on the maxilla, and on the mandible it was the thinnest at the middle level of the root. CONCLUSION: For implant placement on the anterior region, a careful evaluation and full knowledge on the thickness of the cortical and cancellous bone are necessary, therefore, these results may provide an anatomic guideline to clinicians.
Alveolar Process ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cadaver ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Tooth Cervix

PURPOSE: This is to examine the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants by Korean infant developmental screening test. METHODS: 29 VLBW infants and 39 normal term infants, at their corrected age of 1 to 3 years, were included for the study. Risk factors which influence neurodevelopmental outcomes were analyzed. RESULT: The mean levels of developmental quotients for VLBW infants were lower than those of term infants (P<0.001); gross motor 99.3+/-27.28 vs. 121.3+/-19.08, fine motor 95.9+/-27.22 vs. 118.3+/-17.77, social-personality 100.2+/-28.01 vs. 126.3+/-21.31, language 99.5+/-27.34 vs. 120.1+/-18.82, cognitive-adaptive 101.4+/-28.60 vs. 122.7+/-19.59, and total developmental quotient is 99.3+/-27 vs. 121.7+/-19.18. Nevertheless, the mean levels of the individual developmental quotients for VLBW infants were in normal range. There were five VLBW infants (17%) those who scored lower than 80, also showed neurologic sequelae. The infants who had the more risk factors during hospitalization scored the less developmental quotient (R(2)=0.35, P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Although the mean levels of the individual developmental quotient for VLBW infants, assessed by Korean infant developmental screening test, were lower than those of term infants, they are in normal range.
Child ; Child Development* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Mass Screening* ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.
HIV* ; Humans* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Methods ; Public Health* ; Seoul*

In 2015, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing was implemented in all 25 public health centers in Seoul. During March and December 2015, 20,987 rapid HIV tests were performed, of which 116 (0.5%) were positive. Compared to those of the period before application of the rapid HIV test in place of conventional enzyme immunoassay method, the number of HIV tests performed and the number of positive results increased by sevenfold and twofold, respectively. In conclusion, expansion of the provision of rapid HIV tests in public health centers increased the number of voluntary HIV tests.
HIV* ; Humans* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Korea ; Methods ; Public Health* ; Seoul*

Cushing's syndrome in pregnant women is rare and difficult to be diagnosed because of the syndrome's association with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and the changes in cortisol metabolism during normal pregnancy. Cushing syndrome in pregnancy is usually confused with complicated pregnancy, such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes, and its rarity leads to a low degree of clinical suspicion, often delaying diagnosis. We experienced a case of Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy, which had been considered as the severe preeclampsia and gestational diabetes due to uncontrolled hypertension and hyperglycemia. The pregnancy was terminated with an emergency cesarean operation at 30 weeks of gestation because of severe preeclampsia. In consequence of the evaluation about the Cushing's syndrome after delivery, the adrenal cortical adenoma of right adrenal gland was diagnosed and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed.
Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical/*complications/radiography/surgery ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/*complications/radiography/surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Cushing Syndrome/*etiology/radiography/surgery ; Female ; Human ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*radiography ; Pregnancy Outcome