No abstract available.
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital*

PURPOSE: To understand the meaning of death seen by nursing students through art works. METHOD: The qualitative research method and the content analysis were used. The text were essays written by 42 senior nursing students about their impressions on death through art works. RESULT: Statements were classified into six categories and twenty six themes. The six categories include definitions of death, feelings about the death of a main character, responses to the death of the main character, feelings of significant others about the death of the main character, feelings of participants in this study, and oaths of the participants in this study. CONCLUSION: It is shown that participants recognize their position as nursing students, although they may not escape the fear of death, will learn to cope with death, and the dying in a suitably professional manner. In this respect, the study is considered to be helpful for the students in learning the knowledge and information which are needed for hospice nursing care more effectively.
Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing* ; United Nations

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is due to acute ischemia of the anterior part of the optic nerve, whose main source of blood supply is from the posterior ciliary circulation, either by direct branches or through the peripapillary choroid, with minor and differing contributions from other sources. The clinical features are charaterized by sudden visual impairment, optic nerve related visual field defect and optic disc edema. For pathogenetic as well as therapeutic reasons, these patient can be subdivided into two major subgroups: a nonarteritic group, an arteritic group. The authors experienced a case of AION, which occurred in a young male, probably arteritic. So, the literature of the AION was briefly reviewed and the purpose of this review is to increase awareness of this not uncommon condition.
Choroid ; Edema ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Fields

After clinical adjustment of dental casting restoration, re-polishing procedure is recommanded because the smooth gold sureface is lost. But there is the possibility to get more loose contact than that intended by loss of gold alloy according to the kinds of polishing materials and polishing time. Therefore in this study I polished type II gold alloy with 390gm force, 20,000rpm speed, and 8 kinds of gold alloy polishing materials, fabricated by 4 companies and then measured the amount of loss of gold alloy with Surfcorder SEF30D and observed alloy surfaces polished by 3 brown rubber points with SEM. The amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 8 kinds of polishing materials and the degree of smoothness of gold alloys according to polishing time and polishing materials were compared. The following results were obtained : 1. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 3 kinds of brown rubber point was compared, Alphalex brown point had the most amount of alloy loss, followed in decreasing order by Shofu brown point and Eveflex brown point. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of alloy loss according to polishing materials. 2. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 5 kinds of green rubber point was compared, Shofu green point had the most amount of alloy loss, followed in decreasing order by Alphaflex green point, Dedeco green clasp polisher, and Eveflex green point. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of alloy loss according to polishing materials except Alphaflex green point and Dedeco green clasp polisher. 3. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with all kinds of rubber point was compared, there was no significant difference in Eveflex brown point, Alphaflex green point, and Dedeco green claps polisher. 4. When average amount of alloy loss per 1 revolution by polishing materials was compared, Alphalex brown point had the greatest value as 0.329micrometer and Shofu supergreen point had the lowest value as 0.022micrometer. 5. When the degree of sureface smoothness of gold alloy polished with 3 kinds of brown rubber point was compared, in Alphalex brown point surface roughness was completely lost after 20 seconds polishing time, in Shofu brown point 30 seconds, in Eveflex brown point 40 seconds. But in every gold alloys fine scratch formed by rubber points was observed. Based on the results of this study, as rubber polishing materials used in polishing of dental casting restoration after clinical adjustment influenced on the tightness of occlusal or proximal contact, we should make dental casting restoration with minimum error through careful laboratory procedure and form very smooth surface of restoration with tripoli and rouge after use of silicone polishing materials.
Alloys* ; Gold Alloys ; Rubber* ; Silicones

After clinical adjustment of dental casting restoration, re-polishing procedure is recommanded because the smooth gold sureface is lost. But there is the possibility to get more loose contact than that intended by loss of gold alloy according to the kinds of polishing materials and polishing time. Therefore in this study I polished type II gold alloy with 390gm force, 20,000rpm speed, and 8 kinds of gold alloy polishing materials, fabricated by 4 companies and then measured the amount of loss of gold alloy with Surfcorder SEF30D and observed alloy surfaces polished by 3 brown rubber points with SEM. The amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 8 kinds of polishing materials and the degree of smoothness of gold alloys according to polishing time and polishing materials were compared. The following results were obtained : 1. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 3 kinds of brown rubber point was compared, Alphalex brown point had the most amount of alloy loss, followed in decreasing order by Shofu brown point and Eveflex brown point. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of alloy loss according to polishing materials. 2. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with 5 kinds of green rubber point was compared, Shofu green point had the most amount of alloy loss, followed in decreasing order by Alphaflex green point, Dedeco green clasp polisher, and Eveflex green point. There was statistically significant difference in the amount of alloy loss according to polishing materials except Alphaflex green point and Dedeco green clasp polisher. 3. When the amount of loss of gold alloys polished with all kinds of rubber point was compared, there was no significant difference in Eveflex brown point, Alphaflex green point, and Dedeco green claps polisher. 4. When average amount of alloy loss per 1 revolution by polishing materials was compared, Alphalex brown point had the greatest value as 0.329micrometer and Shofu supergreen point had the lowest value as 0.022micrometer. 5. When the degree of sureface smoothness of gold alloy polished with 3 kinds of brown rubber point was compared, in Alphalex brown point surface roughness was completely lost after 20 seconds polishing time, in Shofu brown point 30 seconds, in Eveflex brown point 40 seconds. But in every gold alloys fine scratch formed by rubber points was observed. Based on the results of this study, as rubber polishing materials used in polishing of dental casting restoration after clinical adjustment influenced on the tightness of occlusal or proximal contact, we should make dental casting restoration with minimum error through careful laboratory procedure and form very smooth surface of restoration with tripoli and rouge after use of silicone polishing materials.
Alloys* ; Gold Alloys ; Rubber* ; Silicones

Infectious diseases caused by the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), the first outbreak in China, are currently pandemic in the world, including in Korea. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has not been proven and there has been no proper target medicine and vaccine, so it is virtually unprotected and is a serious health problem. A mitigation strategy that lowers and slows the peak of the epidemic is required to ensure efficient distribution of medical resources and time to development of therapeutic medicines and preventive vaccine. For this, close cooperation between the government and medical practitioners are required, and national prevention and prevention of the spread of the community and preparation for inflow from abroad will be required. In addition, large-scale studies on drugs including hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, etc., which are known to be effective as therapeutic agents for COVID-19, are required to develop a vaccine for prevention. The authors hope that this review will assist primary care physicians currently engaged in patient care.

We examined dietary habits, food intakes, health status, and school and community life of meal skipping children, and investigated factors predicting meal skipping of children. A sample was composed of 944 children in low-income families who were provided with public meal service. The sample was obtained from the Survey of Meal Service for Poor Children conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2007. Meal skipping was significantly associated with a lower nutrition and health status, and poor school performance of children, as hypothesized. The school age of child, family structure, region, job of caretaker, concern about diet, and the child's visit to welfare center significantly predicted frequency of meal skipping. We suggested a few implications for community practice to reduce meal skipping of children.
Child ; Diet ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: We evaluated the hypothesis that the telomerase expression is associated with c-Myc and peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) in patients with prostate cancer. The study determined the link between Prx I, c-Myc and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cDNA of the Prx I gene was obtained by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. Cotransfections were performed by using a hTERT luciferase reporter plasmid and each expression vector as indicated (c-Myc or Prx I). Empty vectors were used as controls for determining the basal promoter activity. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the effect of the DEM-induced Prx I mRNA expression. Luciferase assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of transfected Prx I and the DEM induced Prx I on the transcriptional activity of hTERT in the human prostatic cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. RESULTS: In this study, we found that Prx I could inhibit hTERT expression through direct interaction with c-Myc protein in the prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, it was obvious that Prx I could interact with c-Myc protein. We also found that DEM could induce upregulation of the Prx I mRNA expression and that the increased expression of Prx I could downregulate the expression of hTERT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated a direct link between Prx I, c-Myc and hTERT, and we suggest that Prx I regulates cellular immortalization through c-Myc and hTERT, which is activation step in carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Humans* ; Luciferases ; Peroxiredoxins* ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; RNA, Messenger ; Telomerase* ; Up-Regulation

BACKGROUND :Although clinicopathologic differences have been described between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and negative gastric adenocarcinomas, the pathogenetic basis for these differences remains unclear. In this study, efforts were made to confirm that expression of EBV-latent membrane protein (LMP1) and immunohistochemical characteristics of EBVpositive gastric adenocarcinomas. METHODS: We investigated genomic deletion, and RNA & protein expression of the EBV-LMP1, as well as immunohistochemical protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-bata RII, p21, p16, E2F1, thymidylate synthase, and NF-kappaB in relation to EBV positive gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: A total of 38 Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded RNA-positive and 80 negative gastric carcinomas were examined. A 30 bp DNA deletion in the EBV-LMP1 gene, initiating at codon 342, was detected in 94.4% of EBVpositive cases. By RT-PCR and western blotting, EBV-LMP1 mRNA and protein expressions were absent in all cases, re-gardless of DNA deletion. No significant differences in TGF-bata1, TGF-betaRII, p21, NF-kappaB, E2F1, or thymidylate synthase expression were identified. However, the decreased expression of p16 was found in 84.2% of EBV-positive carcinomas, relative to only 57.5% of EBV-negative tumors (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: EBV-LMP1 DNA deletion, mRNA and protein losses are highly prevalent in EBV-positive gastric adenocarcinoma among Korean patients, along with decreased p16 expression.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Blotting, Western ; Codon ; DNA ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins* ; Membranes* ; NF-kappa B* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thymidylate Synthase* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

We compared the bone healing capacity of three different demineralized bone matrix (DBM) products applied using different carrier molecules (hyaluronic acid [HA] vs. carboxymethylcellulose [CMC]) or bone compositions (cortical bone vs. cortical bone and cancellous bone) in a rabbit segmental defect model. Overall, 15-mm segmental defects in the left and right radiuses were created in 36 New Zealand White rabbits and filled with HA-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DBX), CMC-based demineralized cortical bone matrix (DB) or CMC-based demineralized cortical bone with cancellous bone (NDDB), and the wound area was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation. DBX showed significantly lower radiopacity, bone volume fraction, and bone mineral density than DB and NDDB before implantation. However, bone healing score, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density, and residual bone area at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-implantation revealed no significant differences in bone healing capacity. Overall, three DBM products with different carrier molecules or bone compositions showed similar bone healing capacity.
Animals ; Bone Matrix/*physiology ; Bone Transplantation ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/*pharmacology ; Histology ; Hyaluronic Acid/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; *Wound Healing ; X-Ray Microtomography ; X-Rays