A muscular calf is esthetically unappealing in Asian women. Treatment by liposuction alone has poroven to be difficult due to a small amount of fat. We established a new method of transecting half of the gastrocnemius tendon in order to improve the contour of the calf. Thirty-five patients were operated on during the past 3 years. The medial or lateral half of the gastrocnemius tendon was cut using an endoscopic-guided 3M AGEE blade through a 1cm-sized incision. The portion of the muscle above the site of the transection was elevated from the underlying soleus muscles. We checked the calf circumference and evaluated the clinical results at 6 months postoperatively. An average 10% reduction in calf circumfernce was measured, showing a significant esthetic improvement. There were no significant changes in gait analysis or in the Cybex test. There were no specific complications related to the procedure. Through our clinical experience in 35 cases, we were able to prove that tenotomy is a effective, simple and easy method without severe morbidity.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Muscles ; Tendons ; Tenotomy*

BACKGROUND: In recent years, lymphocyte subset analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed using erythrocytes-lysed whole blood and two color immunofluorescence/flow cytometry method. Use of fresh blood drawn within 6 hours of staining is recommended, and some patients have to revisit the hospital for blood collection. We tested whether 24 hours-refrigerated/stored whose blood can be used for lymphocyte subset analysis. METHODS: Twenty consecutive blood samples from patients (including nine HIV positive patients) collected in EDTA-vacutainer were tested: 1) on the day of sampling using fresh blood kept at room temperature for up to 6 hours until staining (as recommended by the manufacturer) and 2) on the following day using the same tube of blood refrigerated for 24 hours after the first staining. Two colon immunofluorescenc staining was done using Simultest(TM) IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Beckon Dickinson, U.S.A.) and flow cytometric analysis was performed using FACScan and SimulSET(TM) software (Becton Dickinson, U.S.A.). Results of alive kinds of Lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CDl9+, CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+, CD3-CDl6+ and/or CD56+) on day 1 and day 2 were compared by pained-t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: There was no significant change of values for all of the lymphocyte subsets except CD3+CD8+suppressor/cytotoxic (S/C) T cells. There was a slight but statistically significant change in S/C T cells (39.9%-->41.8%: 1.9%, p=0.008) after 24 hours of refrigeration, and this change was observed mainly in HIV-positive patient group. However, there was no significant change in the absolute count of helper/inducer T cells or CD4/CD8 ratio, and the change of S/C T cells in these patients was not considered to be of clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the values of lymphocyte subsets between fresh blood and 24 hours-refrigerated blood was negligible and it is concluded that 24 hours-stored blood samples can be used for lymphocyte subset analysis for clinical purposes.
Colon ; HIV ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Refrigeration ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

A study was made of the differences in clinical features and immunological aspects between herpes zoster patients with malignancies and those without malignant tumors. The results obtained from the retrospective review of medical records are as follows: Herpes zoster occurred more frequently in younger patients(less than twenty) with malignanciee as compared with the control group of the same ages,' Male was dominant among zoster patients with malignancies as is the contrary to contral group; Tihere were no marked differences in primarilly involved dermatomes between the two groups; Generalized varicelliform eruptiona were more common in zoster pa,tients with malignaneies than in control group, It seemed that zoster patients with malignancies complained of milder degree of pain. Zoeter patienta associated with malignancies were more frequently DNCB-negative and had decreased OKT3+ pan T cells, OKT4+ helper/inducer T cells as compared with control group, which suggest impaired cell mediated immunity in the former.
Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hypertension*

The study was performed to measure and compare the peripheral blood T cell and T subsets in normal controls and psoriatic patients. Thirty-two normal controls and fift:en psoriatic patients were subjected to the study and the percentages and the rati vs of peripheral blood T cell and T subsets were measured. The results were as follows: 1. Mean percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes reactive with OKT3 monoclonal antibody in psoriatic patients were 72. 8+-8. 2%, They decreased significantl) as compared with these in control group(76, 6- i-4. 7%). Mc an percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes reactive with OKT4 monoclonal antibody in psoriatic patients were 47. 3+6, 7p;. They increased as compared with these in control group(46. 5+-3. 9p;), but the increase was insignificant. 3. Mean percentages of peripheral blood lymphocytes reactive with OKT8 monoclonal antibody in psoriatic patients were 27. 2+5. 5g, They decreased significantly as compared with these in control group(30, 6- l-4. 3%) 4. Mean ratios of lymphocytes reactive with OKT4 monoclonal antibody to these reactive with OKT8 monoclonal antibody in psoriatic patients were 1.8+- 0. 48 They increased significantly as compared with these in control group(1. 6+ 0.34).
Allergy and Immunology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Muromonab-CD3 ; Psoriasis

PURPOSE: The C-14 urea breath test (C-14 UBT) is the most specific noninvasive method to detect Helicobacter (H) pylori infection. We investigated if the C-14 UBT can reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori detected by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty patients (M:F=83:67, age 48.6+/-11.2 yrs) underwent C-14 UBT, rapid urease test (CLO test) and GBx on the same day. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (137 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive ( 200 dpm), intermediate (50~199 dpm) or negative (<50 dpm). The results of CLO tests were classified as positive or negative according to color change. The results of GBx on giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. RESULTS: In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.5%, 88.4%, 97.1%, 88.4% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 83.2%, 81.4%, 91.8%, 81.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The quantitative values of the C-14 UBT were 45+/-27 dpm in grade 0, 707+/-584 dpm in grade 1, 1558+/-584 dpm in grade 2, 1851+/-604 dpm in grade 3, and 2719+/-892 dpm in grade 4. A significant correlation (r=0.848, p<0.01) was found between C-14 UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection on GBx with giemsa stain. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the C-14 UBT is a highly accurate, simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ongoing H. pylori infection and reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.
Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Breath Tests* ; Diagnosis ; Eating ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Scintillation Counting ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urea* ; Urease

Tibial nonunion is often associated with the soft tissue atrophy and the local circulatory disturbance, so it is important to minimize the soft tissue injury and maintain the stability at fracture site for bone union. We reviewed 29 cases of subcortical onlay bone grafts and plate fixations for the nonunion and delayed union of tibial shafts, from Jan. 1988 through Jan. 1994. The results were as follows. 1. Twenty-nine patients who had nonunion of the tibia underwent subcortical cancellous onlay bone graft and plating, and 28 fractures(96.6%) went on to union. 2. Subcortical elevation or shingling of cortical bone fragments of the tibial cortex, is advocated to provide sound biological condition in atrophic soft tissue envelope. 3. Narrow DCP encouraged early motion and reliably promoted obtaining anatomical alignment. So, in treatment of protracted tibial nonunion, especially in an area with deficient soft tissue or unyielding scar tissue, subcortical onlay bone graft and plate fixation is very useful method, result in good union and no skin problem.
Atrophy ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Inlays ; Methods ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study examined two trunk strategies - medio-lateral ramp and anterior-posterior ram - and their effects on pelvis and trunk movements, providing basic material for safe ramp utilization. METHODS: The present study included 20 asymptomatic males recruited from a local university. Participants were asked to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart. Their dorsal side faced the camera, and measurements were performed while standing in a neutral double stance, one leg stance, 15° of medial and lateral ramp, and 15° of anterior and posterior ramp. Participants were allowed to practice for 3 minutes, and each participant had a 30 seconds rest between the two ramp conditions. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects the ramp conditions on spinal alignment. In all analyses, p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: The trunk-inclination angle on the posterior ramp was significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The trunk imbalance angle was significantly higher on the medial ramp, than that on the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic position and pelvic torsion angles were significantly higher in the medial, lateral, and anterior ramp positions than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic rotation angles on the medial, lateral, and anterior ramps were significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that when people are exposed to the same form of ramp for an extended period, posture modifications may be triggered.
Architectural Accessibility* ; Foot ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Pelvis ; Posture

We retrospectively evaluated datas on 61 cases of neonatal sepsis confirmed by clinical symptoms and blood cultures at the NICU of Gil general hospital From Mar. 1989, to Fed. 1992. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean gestational age was 32.7+/-2.6 Weeks in preterm infants, and 39+/-1.5 weels on term infants. The mean birth weight was 1,701.4+/-422.4 g in preterm infants, and 3,232+/-581.7 g in term infants. 2) There were 61 infants with neonatal sepsis identified among 13, 486 live births, resulting in an incidence of 0.45%. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.2:1. The incidencdence was higher in preterm infants (2.21%) than in term infants (0.27%). 3) The most commom presenting symptoms of neonatal sepsis were apnea and bradycardia (53.6%) in preterm infants, jaundice (33.3%) in term infants 4) The concurrent diseases in neonatal sepsis were urinary tract infection (UT)(25%), pneumonia (21%), hyaline membrane disease (21%) in the order of frequency. Hyaline membrane disease (33.3%) was the most frequently associated disease in preterm infants, UTI (41.4%) in term infants 5) Gram positive organisms were isolated in 33 casess (52%), gram negative organisms in 30 cases (48%). The most common ortanism isolated from blood cultures was CONS (28.6%). The more common organisms in preterm infants were CONS (26.7%), Enterococcus (23.3%) and Klebsiella (10%). CONS (30.3%), E. Coli (27.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12%) were more frequent in term infants. 6) The significant diagnostic laboratory findings for neonatal sepsis were leukopenia ( < or =5000), I:T 0.16, thrombocytopenia ( <150,000/mm3), CRP> or =1+.2 or more of abnormal hematologic values were significantly more frequent in preterm infants (P< 0.05). 7) The risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis were endotracheal intubation (57%), birth ashyxia (Apgar score< or =6 at 5 min.)(39%) and umbilical catheterization (35.7%) in preterm infants, while endotrachial intubation (12.1%), birth ashyxia (12.1%) and premature rupture of membrane ( > or =24hrs)(9.0%) in term infants. 8) Early onset neonatal sepsis (72< or =hr of age) was found in 40 cases (65.6%). 9) The overall mortality rate of neonatal sepsis was 26.0%(39,3% in preterm infants, 15.2% in term infants). The mortality rate was significantly high in pseudomonas infection. 10) In low birth weight infants, the susceptibility to neonatal sepsis was greatest in the infants of lowest birth weight (1,00-1,500 gm) and the mortality rate was inversely proportional to birth weight. 11) Sensitivity to antibiotics in gram postitive organisms were chlorampjenicol (37%), Erythromycin (29%), ampicillin (26%) and cephalothin (26%). It clearly showed that newer antibiotics such as vancomycin is neccessary. In cases of gram negative organisms, sensitivity to antibiotics were amikacin (85%), gentamicin (65%), tobramycin (58%) and cephalothin (54%).
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bradycardia ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cephalothin ; Enterococcus ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Jaundice ; Klebsiella ; Leukopenia ; Live Birth ; Male ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rupture ; Sepsis* ; Sex Ratio ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tobramycin ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vancomycin