No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to explain the phenomena of hot flashes in climacteric women by using Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and Laser Doppler Perfusion Imager (LDPI) objectively and to identify the interrelation between the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes by comparing the two as reported in retrospective questionnaires. METHODS: The participants were one hundred women (45-60 yr) who were not currently on hormone therapy, and had reached hot flash scores of 10 or higher. Hot flashes were measured in a temperature and humidity controlled room for 7 hr from 10 am to 5 pm. Hot flashes were measured subjectively and recorded via the Hot Flash Diary Report. When participants felt the hot flashes, they were measured objectively by Mexameter, Skin Thermometer, Corneometer, and LDPI. RESULTS: The frequency of hot flashes in participants ranged from 1 to 7 times. When hot flashes occurred in participants, the erythema, skin temperature, skin hydration, and blood perfusion showed statistically significant changes in all measurements. But, the subjective and objective measurements of hot flashes showed only weak correlations. CONCLUSION: Results indicate a need for future research with subjective and objective measuring instruments chosen depending variations identified for the study.
Climacteric ; Erythema/etiology ; Face/blood supply/physiology ; Female ; Hot Flashes/*complications/epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Skin Temperature/physiology

No abstract available.
Septo-Optic Dysplasia*

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the professional competency of nurses working in emergency medical institutions that use the Korean Triage Acuity Scale (KTAS), and to identify factors that affect them. Methods: This study collected data from 105 nurses working in emergency medical institutions from June to August 2020. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: As for the professional competency in triage, the higher the self-efficacy (β = 0.58, p < .001), the more experience they have in triage-related education (β = 0.30, p < .001), 2-4 years of clinical experience in emergency department (β = 0.19, p = .002), in case of triage alone (β = 0.24, p < .001), the higher the level of education a nurse has (β = 0.19, p = .003), the higher the professional competency in triage. These variables explained professional competency in a total of 64.2% of the participants (F = 38.30, p < .001). Conclusion To improve nurses’ professional competence in triage, introducing manpower expansion, financial support, and the provision of appropriate places is suggested. In addition, it is necessary to repeatedly provide educational opportunities in an environment similar to actual clinical practice by developing various scenarios and introducing simulations and web-based formats.

The value of ultrasonography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in determining the site and etiology of biliary obstruction with surgical jaundice was studied in 30 patients. All diagnoses were subsequently made by surgery and pathology. The results were as follows; 1. In ultrasonography, the site of obstruction was delineated in 46%, while the etiology of the lesion was established in 40%, In comparison, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography delineated the site in 100% and the etilogy in 93%. 2. Although the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is invasive to the human body, it is considered to be the single procedure of choicein the managment of the patient with biliary obstructive jaundice because of its diagnostic accuracy, technical simplicity and relative safety.
Cholangiography ; Diagnosis ; Human Body ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography

The Health Interview Survey in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a major source for planning and evaluating the national health promotion policy. The aim of the study is to find the areas for improvement of the current Health Interview Survey in light of its stated purpose and to propose possible means for the improvement. In terms of the survey content, there were several areas that needed improvement: the lack of comparability across the waves, the limit of the number of questions due to the Nutrition Survey and the Examination Survey, non-availability of seasonal statistics, and the dearth of evidence on socioeconomic position variables. To make improvements in the survey content, there is a need to clarify the purpose of the HIS in the KNANES. Second, more items need to be developed to produce the indicators of the Health Plan 2010. Third, core questions and elective questions should be defined. Fourth, multi-level socioeconomic position indicators need to be developed. In terms of the survey methods, the difficulty of managing interviewers and the inefficiency of data input and processing were found to be the areas for improvement. Possible solutions include a survey through the year and the introduction of the CAPI system. In addition, we suggest that a two-year survey period to better synchronize with the local health interview surveys which should be the major data source for the community health promotion plan.
Information Storage and Retrieval ; Health Promotion ; Health Surveys ; Nutrition Surveys ; Seasons

PURPOSE: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. RESULTS: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Esophagitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Forty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 12.5 mg estradiol ant the age of 3 weeks. Three rats were killed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks and in every month during 2~12 months after implantation, and the breasts were examined by light microscope. In all rats, enlargement of terminal end buds was obseved in 1~2 weeks, maximum development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in 3 weeks, and marked dilatation and secretion of alveoli or ducts in 1~12 months after implantation. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 27 rats and carcinomas developed in 23 rats in 2~12 months after implantation. It was thought that the changes induced by estradiol are more similar to the human breast lesions, compared with changes induced by chemical carcinogens such as dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), because breast carcinomas developed in close relationship with ductal epithelial hyperplasia in both estradiol-treated rats and humans, but not in DMBA-treated rats.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

PURPOSE: To compare the Hong's grading method, utilized for slit-lamp grading of the mid-peripheral angle, with other conventional grading methods. Actual angle was measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for comparison. METHODS: Fifteen eyes with narrow angles and eighteen eyes with wide angles were studied. The average age of thirty-three subjects was 46.8+/-19.2, and the male to female ratio was 1:3.7. The mid-peripheral angle was graded by Hong's, van Herick's and Spaeth's grading system. The actual anterior chamber angle was evaluated by UBM and the correlation between each grading system and actual angle was investigated. RESULTS: The results from the Hong's grading (r=0.802, R2=0.643, p<0.01), Spaeth's grading (r=0.728, R2=0.530, p<0.01) and van Herick's grading (r=0.618, R2=0.382, p<0.01) methods correlated significantly with the actual angles. CONCLUSIONS: The Hong's grading method was an easy and effective tool to evaluate anterior chamber angle. In addition, the results of the Hong's grading method were closer to the actual angle than the other methods.
Anterior Chamber ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Acoustic

BACKGROUND: The impact on quality of life (QOL) and safety has increasingly been an important consideration for living donors after kidney transplantation. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the QOL of living kidney donors and to indentify factors for impediment of their QOL. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 69 living kidney donors with whom transplantations were performed in our center from 1990 to 2010. The data was collected from May to July 2010 using donor characteristics and SF-36. RESULTS: The donors were predominantly female (60.9%) and the average age was 45.4+/-12.0 years. The total numbers of donors, categorized by their relationship to the recipients, included 20 siblings (29.0%), 17 parents (24.6%) and 13 spouses (18.8%). The measured characteristics as related to donation included the full return to normal pre-donation activities (72.5%), no visit to a hospital or pharmacy after donation (69.6%) and donation decision as propria persona (97.1%). Most donors were satisfied with their donation (92.8%) and had no regrets for making the donation (87.0%). The average score for QOL of all subjects was 71.89. The overall QOL of living kidney donors revealed lower scores (48.56+/-5.45) as compared to average scores (50) of the healthy population in the USA. In particular, the scores for PCS (52.87) on the SF-36 were higher than the scores for MCS (44.25). CONCLUSIONS: Most living kidney donors were satisfied with their donation and showed good physical recoveries despite a lower QOL. Consequently, carefully pre-transplantation psychological assessment and programs are necessary to support donors. Systematic and continuous management after transplantation, as well as preoperatively appropriate information and counsel, is needed for kidney donors.
Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Parents ; Pharmacy ; Quality of Life ; Siblings ; Spouses ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants