The antihypertensive effects fo aldactazide and serum electrolytes changes before and after treatment with aldactazide were observed. The followings were obtained: 1. Results of antihypertensive therapy with aldactazide in 23 hypertensive patients revealed good effects in 52.17%, fair in 26.09%, poor in 8.7%, and failure in 13.04% of cases. In 78.26% of cases, good or fair control of blood pressure was obtained. 2. Daily doses of aldactazide ranged from 25mg to 50mg depending upon the level of blood pressure. The antihypertensive effects were appeared after average 11 days of administration. 3. The side effects during treatment with aldactazide were dizziness, weakness, indigestion, headache, and restlessness in 26.28% of cases (6 of 23 cases). 4. No significant changes in serum Na and K values were observed before and after treatment with aldactazide for average 23 days.
Blood Pressure ; Dizziness ; Dyspepsia ; Electrolytes ; Headache ; Humans ; Psychomotor Agitation

Anesthetic drugs by themselves were without effect on neummuscular function, but when the margin of safety in transmission was reduced, because of the admimstration of a musde relaxant, then a synergistic effect on relaxation might be observed. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the twitch recovery after vecuronium bromide (vecuronium) was influenced by thiopental sodium (thiopental), ketamine and lidocaine. Eighty healthy adult patients were randomly allocated to four groups according to the drugs, control group, normal saline 5 ml, study group ; 2.5% thiopental 5 mg/kg, ketamine 2 mg/kg and 1% lidocaine 1 mg/kg. Neuromuscular bloek was induced by intravenous vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and applied ulnar nerve stimuli of every 10 seconds single twitch using Myotest Mk II(R). The adduction force of the resultant thumb twitch was measured by the acceleration of a small piezo-electric ceramic wafer with electrodes of Mini-accelograph(8) and recorded by Datascope 2200I(8). When the twitch height was near 15 mm, the drug was injected and recorded the twitch height for 10 min. and checked mean arterial pressure and heart rate after injection. The results were as follows ; 1) There were no significant changes of mean arterial pressure after drug injection. 2) Heart rate was significantly increased in thiopental group (77.7+/-8.3 beats/min. 93.7+/-9.1 beats/min.) and lidocaine group (85.6+/-15.9 beats/min. - 88.4+/-16.4 beats/min.), but no change in control and ketamine group. 3) In the linear regression analysis between the twitch length and the time, control group was Y=16.0+/-1.0X, r2=0.33, thiopental group was Y=14.9+/-1.1X, r2%.39, ketamine gmup was Y=14.8+0.9X, r2=0.24 and lidocaine group was Y=15.1+0.8X, r2=0.30. Lidocaine group was only significantly decreased than control group. With the above results the authors concluded that the twitch recovery after vecuronium was significantly deaeased by lidocaine, but no cbanges by thiopental and ketamine. We should more find the drug interaction with vecuronium in the man.
Acceleration ; Adult ; Anesthetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Ceramics ; Drug Interactions ; Electrodes ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Lidocaine* ; Linear Models ; Relaxation ; Thiopental* ; Thumb ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide*

Parricide, the crime of murdering a parent, accounts for about 5% of all homicides. Filicide is the crime of murdering one's own child. This study aimed to review demographic features and criminal characteristics of individuals who committed parricide and filicide in Republic of Korea (ROK). This study is based on data from the Korea Police Crime Analysis System, from 2006~2013. We assessed the diverse characteristics of both victims and perpetrators. Over the selected period, 381 parents were killed by their children and 230 children were killed by parents in the ROK. Parricides caused by schizophrenic murders accounted for 39.6% of all cases. Moreover, approximately 44.4% of the perpetrators attempted suicide following the maternal filicide. In our findings, psychiatric illness was a very important predictor in parricide, and these further suggest that young mothers with severe mental illness require careful monitoring by mental health support service.
Child ; Crime ; Criminals ; Homicide ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Mothers ; Parents ; Police ; Republic of Korea ; Schizophrenia ; Suicide, Attempted

No abstract available.
Humans ; Male ; Nursing* ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the epidemic pyrogenic reactions that occurred hospital-widely in 51 patients on 30-31 Mar. 1995 at a tertiary, educational, and acute care hospital. METHODS: The remained intravenous (IV) drugs and IV fluids that were infused to patients (N=51) who developed pyrogenic reactions were cultured and tested pyrogenic matter. Pyrogenic test was done by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (PyrotellRMA,USA). RESULTS: IV normal saline 50 cc bottles (AAXSAT and AAX5AV) those were collected being used from case patients, and new bottles stocked in the drug storage were positive to pyrogenic test. Used normal saline collected from case patients were cultured coagulase-negative Staphylococus. Moreover the company, manufacturer of these fluids reported the positive pyrogenic test on these IV fluids (AAXSAT and AAX5AV). CONCLUSION: This epidemic was a pyrogenic reaction for infused the intrinsic contaminated fluid with pyrogen. We could prevent not the additional pyrogenic reactions in study hospital but national wide epidemics to apply the rapid and well-designed epidemic investigation and infection control.
Bacteremia ; Cross Infection ; Drug Storage ; Horseshoe Crabs ; Humans ; Infection Control

Preoperative assessment of electrocardiographical(EKG) abnormalities in the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) is importment. Authors analyzed 58 SAH patients who had EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. EKG abnormalities consisted of T wave abnormality, arrhythmia, ST segment change, QT prolongation and U wave. Five patients were dead in this study because of brain swelling(3 cases) and cerebral spasm(2 cases). EKG abnormalities were normalized 13 days after aneurysmal SAH. Radioactive nuclear(99mTc-pyrophosphate) scan of myocardial revealed normal findings in the patients with EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. It is concluded that life-saving surgical intervention need not be delayed in the patients with EKG abnormalities of neurogenic origin. On the other hand, patients who had cardiac origin EKG abnormalities need a careful and detailed preanesthetic cardiac evaluation.
Aneurysm* ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Brain ; Electrocardiography* ; Hand ; Humans ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

We report a case of infective endocarditis after flexible sigmoidoscopy. In addition to persistent bacteremia with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we found an oscillating intracardiac mass on the tricuspid valve in this patient. The patient had no underlying heart disease or risk factor for the infection due to MRSA. Vancomycin treatment for 42 days was adequate for this case. The pathogen might colonize the patient's rectum and then invade through intestinal mucosa during the endoscopic procedure.
Bacteremia ; Colon ; Endocarditis* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Rectum ; Risk Factors ; Sigmoidoscopy* ; Tricuspid Valve ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: To investigate the predictability of and propose guidelines for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in post-cataract surgery patients with prior corneal refractive surgery and suggest the guideline. METHODS: Medical records of 18 eyes of 16 patients were retrospectively evaluated for IOL power calculation predictability using three combinations of METHODS: 1) clinical history method, modified Maloney method, and the Feiz-Mannis method; 2) single-K formula versus double-K formula; and 3) Three IOL formulas (SRK/T, Holladay 1, and Hoffer Q). RESULTS: The clinical history method using the single-K formula with the SRK/T and Holliday 1 formula showed the best predictability, with an absolute error of 0.60+/-0.63 D and 0.74+/-0.60 D, respectively. The Feiz-Mannis method showed a tendency of myopic prediction, whereas the modified Maloney method showed a tendency of hyperopic prediction, especially in the patients with myopia more than 7 D prior to the refractive surgery. The double-K formula, when compared to the single-K formula, prevented hyperopic prediction when used with the clinical history method or modified Maloney method. CONCLUSIONS: IOL power calculation using the clinical history method with SRK/T or Holliday 1 formula showed the best predictability in patients after corneal refractive surgery. IOL power calculation using the modified Maloney method, however, because of the hyperopic prediction tendency, should be used cautiously, especially for patients with myopia of 7 D or more prior to the refractive surgery.
Cataract ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus viridans group (SVG) is the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, skin and genitourinary tract, and is the major causative agent isolated in 30-40% of bacterial endocarditis patients. However, SVG has not been properly identified to the species level for lack of diagnostic system which enables the accurate identification of SVG. Poyart et al. have recently described the identification of SVG to the species level by DNA sequencing of superoxide dismutase gene (sodAint). Using this method, we report here the identification of SVG isolated from the patients in Seoul National University Hospital within recent 2 years. METHODS: According to the method by Poyart et al., a set of two oligonucleotides, D1 (5 '-CCI TAY ICI TAY GAY GCI YTI GAR CC-3 ') and D2 (5 '-ARR TAR TAI GCR TGY TCC CAI ACR TC-3 ') were used as PCR primers, and PCR products of 480-bp size were obtained. The PCR products purified by MicroSpin S-400 HR Column were sequenced using ABI-PRISM 3700 Sequence Analyzer. D1 and D2 were used as sequencing primers. The clinical isolates were respectively identified as the species showing the greatest sequence homology which was demonstrated by the BLAST program provided by NCBI(USA). RESULTS: Clinical strains isolated from 26 patients who had shown two or more positive blood cultures were analyzed by DNA sequencing of superoxide dismutase gene, which showed 6 strains of S. salivarius, five S. oralis, four S. sanguis, three S. pasteuri, three S. equisimilis, two S. gordonii, one S. constellatus, one S. luteciae, and one S. mitis. S. salivarius and S. sanguis were clearly discriminated, while S. equisimilis and S. pyogenes were not. Species identification results by conventional method seldom corresponded to those by DNA sequencing. Among 7 patients suspected to have bacterial endocarditis, S. sanguis were isolated in 4 patients, and S. gordonii, S. oralis, S. pasteuri in one, respectively. Among 17 patients with liver cirrhosis or cancer, S. salivarius were isolated in 6 patients, and S. oralis in four. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we could identify the species of SVG isolated from the patients with bacteremia; S. sanguis were frequently isolated from patients with bacterial endocarditis, while S. salivarius from ones with malignancy. These results imply that a different group of underlying diseases could show correspondingly different group of SVG species which cause bacteremia, and we suggest that further pathophysiological study on the correlations between underlying disease and the species of SVG be performed.
Bacteremia ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Oligonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Respiratory System ; Seoul ; Sequence Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Skin ; Streptococcus* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Viridans Streptococci*

BACKGROUND: Campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of food-borne infection in developed countries, and handling or eating of contaminated poultry products was reported as the major cause of human campylobacteriosis in sporadic cases. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter in patients with diarrhea and raw chickens of grocery, and identify the species by multiplex PCR and determine the genotypes of isolates by SmaI pulsedfield gel electrophoresis(PFGE) profiles. METHODS: Eight hundred and fifty six stool specimens obtained from 773 hospitalized patients with diarrhea and 16 raw chickens purchased from grocery were tested. Karmali's charcoal based selective medium and Campylobacter enrichment broth were used for isolation of Campylobacter from patients and chicken, respectively. And membrane filter method with sheep blood agar was also used in both two cases. Isolates were indentified with PCR, PCR-RFLP, and biochemical test. And genotypes were determined with SmaI PFGE profile analysis. RESULTS: A total of 13 Campylobacter strains(1.7%) were isolated from 856 stool specimens of 773 patients with diarrhea, nine isolates were C. jejuni and four were C. coli. All of 16 raw chickens were contaminated with Campylobacter spp., and both of C. jejuni and C. coli were detected from eight chickens. From the SmaI-digested PFGE profile analysis of nine C. jejuni strains and four C. coli strains isolated from patients, eight types and four types of PFGE profile were obtained, respectively. And 15 types and seven types of PFGE profile were obtained from 23 of C. jejuni and 11 of C. coli which strains were isolated from chicken samples, respectively. The several isolates showing the different PFGE patterns were detected in the same chicken. Three PFGE patterns of C. jejuni isolated from patients were observed in the chickens. One type of C. coli PFGE profiles of the patient's isolates were the same as that of chicken. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Campylobacter infection is not high compared to the other countries, but most of raw chickens are contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Several genotypes of C. jejuni and C. coli are contaminated in the single chicken. The PFGE patterns of some human isolates are the same as those of chicken so that human infection may be originated from the chicken. But the reason of low infection rate in human in spite of the very high contamination rate of chicken should be clarified in the near future
Agar ; Campylobacter Infections ; Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Charcoal ; Chickens ; Developed Countries ; Diarrhea ; Eating ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Membranes ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Poultry Products ; Prevalence ; Sheep