Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Myocarditis ; Myositis/chemically induced* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological

A 24-year-old Chinese woman with Graves' disease presented with myositis two months after treatment with carbimazole. The patient's myositis resolved with hydration and cessation of carbimazole. No other causes of myositis were found, and a change in the medication to propylthiouracil was uneventful. Review of the literature suggests a possible genetic susceptibility, as the majority of reported cases are Asian in origin, similar to patients who present with thyroid periodic paralysis. Changing the antithyroid drugs (ATDs) administered, decreasing the dose of pre-existing ATDs in the treatment regimen or addition of levothyroxine has been shown to result in clinical improvement of this complication. These observations suggest various mechanisms of carbimazole-induced myositis in the treatment of Graves' disease, including the direct effect of ATDs on myocytes, immune-related responses secondary to ATDs and rapid decrements in thyroid hormone with ensuing myositis.
Antithyroid Agents ; adverse effects ; Carbimazole ; adverse effects ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Graves Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Myositis ; chemically induced ; genetics ; therapy ; Young Adult

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome reflects a serious hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, characterized by skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement, and internal organ involvement. So far, numerous drugs such as sulfonamides, phenobarbital, sulfasalazine, carbamazepine, and phenytoin have been reported to cause the DRESS syndrome. We report a case in a 29-yr-old female patient who had been on celecoxib and anti-tuberculosis drugs for one month to treat knee joint pain and pulmonary tuberculosis. Our patient's clinical manifestations included fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, hypereosinophilia, and visceral involvement (hepatitis and pneumonitis). During the corticosteroid administration for DRESS syndrome, swallowing difficulty with profound muscle weakness had developed. Our patient was diagnosed as DRESS syndrome with eosinophilic polymyositis by a histopathologic study. After complete resolution of all symptoms, patch tests were positive for both celecoxib and ethambutol. Although further investigations might be needed to confirm the causality, celecoxib and ethambutol can be added to the list of drugs as having the possibility of DRESS syndrome.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects ; Arthritis/complications/*drug therapy ; Drug Eruptions/*etiology/pathology ; Eosinophilia/*chemically induced/pathology ; Ethambutol/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Myositis/chemically induced/pathology ; Pyrazoles/*adverse effects ; Sulfonamides/*adverse effects ; Syndrome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications/*drug therapy