No abstract available.
Chylothorax*

In order to evaluate the clinical application of the Nd:YAG laser(Coherent model 9900(R)) to correct the astigmatism, we observed the change in corneal curvature, thickness and endothelium after laser radiation to the rabbit cornea. The experiment composed of 14 rabbit eyes divided into two groups according to the power setting; 7 eyes of 2.5mJ group, and 7 eyes of 5mJ group. Lader pulse was focused at corneal epithelium and an average of 25-30 applications were required to make the single pair of transverse line like conventional lineal corneal transverse incision for one eye. Changes ir keratometry and pachymetry were measured postlaser application for 3 months. Seven days after radiation, two rabbit eyes(2.5mJ and 5mJ) were enucleated for scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. The mean flattening induced at 900 meridian was 1.91 diopter in 2.5mJ group and 1.98 diopter in 5mJ group 3 months after laser radiation, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(p>0.5). 2. The steepening at 1800 meridian induced only one week after laser radiation in both groups, thereafter the flattening was shown. 3. The significant mean corneal thickness increase of 30.72pm in 2.5mJ group and 33.47 micrometer in 5mJ group was noted at postlaser 7 days and returned to normal range at postlaser 2 months, but the corneal thickness showed no significant statistical difference between two group(p>0.5). 4. Scanning electron microscopy findings showed changes of the ultrastructure of the endothelial cell: edematous changes of the endothelial cell and cell membrane destruction were much less in 2.5mJ group than 5mJ group.
Astigmatism ; Cell Membrane ; Cornea ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium* ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits* ; Reference Values

In order to evaluate the clinical application of the Nd:YAG laser(Coherent model 9900(R)) to correct the astigmatism, we observed the change in corneal curvature, thickness and endothelium after laser radiation to the rabbit cornea. The experiment composed of 14 rabbit eyes divided into two groups according to the power setting; 7 eyes of 2.5mJ group, and 7 eyes of 5mJ group. Lader pulse was focused at corneal epithelium and an average of 25-30 applications were required to make the single pair of transverse line like conventional lineal corneal transverse incision for one eye. Changes ir keratometry and pachymetry were measured postlaser application for 3 months. Seven days after radiation, two rabbit eyes(2.5mJ and 5mJ) were enucleated for scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. The mean flattening induced at 900 meridian was 1.91 diopter in 2.5mJ group and 1.98 diopter in 5mJ group 3 months after laser radiation, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(p>0.5). 2. The steepening at 1800 meridian induced only one week after laser radiation in both groups, thereafter the flattening was shown. 3. The significant mean corneal thickness increase of 30.72pm in 2.5mJ group and 33.47 micrometer in 5mJ group was noted at postlaser 7 days and returned to normal range at postlaser 2 months, but the corneal thickness showed no significant statistical difference between two group(p>0.5). 4. Scanning electron microscopy findings showed changes of the ultrastructure of the endothelial cell: edematous changes of the endothelial cell and cell membrane destruction were much less in 2.5mJ group than 5mJ group.
Astigmatism ; Cell Membrane ; Cornea ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium* ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits* ; Reference Values

According to the development of new diagnostic tools and methods, the chance of finding multiple primary cancer has increased. However, there has never been reported in the world four primary cancers in the abdominal cavity. We report a 58 years old female who had stomach cancer, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and rectal cancer in the abdominal cavity simultaneously, and was done hepato-pancreato-duodenectomy and low anterior resection was performed.
Abdominal Cavity* ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Stomach Neoplasms

We conducted a retrospective study of 30 penetrating keratoplasties (30 patients) for corneal opacity due to herpes simplex keratitis from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1989 at St. Mary's Hospital. The follow-up periods ranged from 1.3 years to 11 years (mean; 4.8 years). Overall, 23 out of the 30 transplants (76.7%) remained clear grafted cornea and 18 eyes (60%) achieved good to excellent visual acuities (0.3 or better). Herpes simplex keratitis was inactive at the time of corneal transplantation in 27 eyes (90%) and the recurrent rate after surgery was 18.5%. Patients with active ulceration or perforation, had particularly poor success rates. The overall rate of recurrent herpetic keratitis after transplantation for herpes was 26.6% Preoperative corneal neovascularization was not a statistically significant prognostic factor with regard to final visual outcome, graft clarity, graft rejection or recurrent herpetic keratitis.
Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Visual Acuity

We conducted a retrospective study of 30 penetrating keratoplasties (30 patients) for corneal opacity due to herpes simplex keratitis from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1989 at St. Mary's Hospital. The follow-up periods ranged from 1.3 years to 11 years (mean; 4.8 years). Overall, 23 out of the 30 transplants (76.7%) remained clear grafted cornea and 18 eyes (60%) achieved good to excellent visual acuities (0.3 or better). Herpes simplex keratitis was inactive at the time of corneal transplantation in 27 eyes (90%) and the recurrent rate after surgery was 18.5%. Patients with active ulceration or perforation, had particularly poor success rates. The overall rate of recurrent herpetic keratitis after transplantation for herpes was 26.6% Preoperative corneal neovascularization was not a statistically significant prognostic factor with regard to final visual outcome, graft clarity, graft rejection or recurrent herpetic keratitis.
Cornea ; Corneal Neovascularization ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Rejection ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Airwayscope (AWS), which has been used successfully for difficult airway in general anesthesia, has been anticipated that hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in the difficult airway may be attenuated. Also, there is a series of reports demonstrating the successful use of lightwand to open the difficult airway. Thus, we decided to conduct a survey to compare AWS to lightwand and to direct laryngoscopy of cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation. METHODS: Of 64 healthy patients without cardiovascular disease, 22, 21, 21 patients were randomly assigned to AWS group, lightwand group and direct laryngoscope group. After induction of general anesthesia, intubation was performed with manual in-line neck stabilization. During laryngoscopy, a modified Cormack-Lehane grade was assessed and time to intubation was measured. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at the following timepoints: baseline, just before intubation, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min and 5 min after intubation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 3 groups in SAP, HR (P > 0.05). However modified Cormack-Lehane grade of all patients in the AWS group was I, while that in direct laryngoscope group was IIB or III. In addition, the mean time to intubation of the direct laryngoscope group was significantly longer than that of the AWS and lightwand (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the difficult airway, AWS was very effective in improving laryngeal view and decreasing time to intubation compared to direct laryngoscopey. In addition, lightwand reduced the time to intubation. However we could not find any significant difference in hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation among the 3 groups.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopes ; Laryngoscopy ; Neck

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in corneal keratometry, high-order aberrations (HOAs), and anterior chamber parameters after trabeculectomy using Pentacam(R) (Oculus Inc., Dutenhofen, Germany). METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 patients who underwent limbal-based trabeculectomy or fornix-based trabeculectomy between July 2011 and May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and HOAs were measured using Pentacam(R) preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age of patients who underwent trabeculectomy was 58.26 +/- 16.28 years. IOP showed significant decrease after surgery in both groups compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in corneal keratometry, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, central corneal thickness, total root mean square (RMS), trefoil, and coma after surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative corneal keratometry and anterior chamber parameters did not change significantly compared to preoperative values in glaucoma patients after performing trabeculectomy. Most HOAs that affected quality of vision were not changed in the limbal-based trabeculectomy or fornix-based trabeculectomy.
Anterior Chamber* ; Coma ; Cornea ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lotus ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in corneal keratometry, high-order aberrations (HOAs), and anterior chamber parameters after trabeculectomy using Pentacam(R) (Oculus Inc., Dutenhofen, Germany). METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 patients who underwent limbal-based trabeculectomy or fornix-based trabeculectomy between July 2011 and May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and HOAs were measured using Pentacam(R) preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age of patients who underwent trabeculectomy was 58.26 +/- 16.28 years. IOP showed significant decrease after surgery in both groups compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in corneal keratometry, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, central corneal thickness, total root mean square (RMS), trefoil, and coma after surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative corneal keratometry and anterior chamber parameters did not change significantly compared to preoperative values in glaucoma patients after performing trabeculectomy. Most HOAs that affected quality of vision were not changed in the limbal-based trabeculectomy or fornix-based trabeculectomy.
Anterior Chamber* ; Coma ; Cornea ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lotus ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: In this study, the changes in ocular surface parameters and tear meniscus after strabismus surgery when treated with or without artificial tears were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: The present study included 30 patients who received bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for exotropia. The patients instilled artificial tear eye drops only in the left eye. Before and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer's test, corneal staining test, tear meniscus height and area were measured using OCT and compared in both eyes. Before and 8 weeks after surgery, conjunctival compression cytology test was performed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 8.7 years. After 8 weeks, BUT and corneal staining scores were 12.3 ± 1.5 seconds and 1.3 ± 0.4 in patients treated with artificial tears and 9.5 ± 1.0 seconds and 2.0 ± 0.7 in patients not treated with artificial tears (both p < 0.000). Four weeks after surgery, tear meniscus height and area using OCT were 290.2 ± 42.3 µm and 566.7 ± 48.2 pixels in patients treated with artificial tears and 246 ± 45.5 µm and 504.0 ± 29.7 pixels in patients not treated with artificial tears (p = 0.045 and p = 0.019, respectively). Goblet cell count was significantly different between the eyes 8 weeks after surgery (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Instability of tear meniscus can be detected after strabismus surgery using BUT, Schirmer's test, corneal staining test, tear meniscus height and area, and OCT. After surgery, artificial tears help treat dry eye symptoms by corneo-conjunctival wound healing mechanism and increasing tear meniscus stability.
Exotropia ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Lubricant Eye Drops ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Strabismus* ; Tears* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Wound Healing