We studied germination activities of fungus conidiospores in active growth phase using the hanging slide culture method, then investigated the inhibitory effects of two antifungal agents(Tolnaftate and Clotrimazole) on germination activities. The fungal strains used in this study were Trichophyton (T.) rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and Candida (C.) albicans. Each strain was cultured on the Sabouraud's glueose agar plate and examined daily for detection of active growth phase of conidiospores (blastospores in C. albicans). After the conidiospores reached to active growth phase the activated spores were inoculated in one drop of Sabouraud's glucose broth on the cover glass and the hanging slide cultures were performed. The mean hermination rates of T. rubrum and T. nentagrophytes were 87.5% and 78% respectively in 72 hours. In C.albicans the average germination rate was 85.7% after cultivation for 24 hours, this germination rate was much faster than that of T.rubrum and T.mentagrophytes. For detection of miniman inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antifungal agents to germination activities the antifungal agents were diluted with Sabouraud's glucose broth to various concentration and hanging slide culture was performed with the media containing the antifungal remedies. The minimal concentration of antifungal agents in which the conidiospores could completely not be germinated was denoted to minimal inhibitory concentration. The MIC of Tolnaftate to T.rubrum and T.mentagrophytes were 0.0.1ug/ml. The MIC of Cloirimazole to T. rubrum and T.mentagrophytes were 0.1ug/ml and to C. albicans was 1ug/ml. This results were similar to the previous reports by other investigators. This is a new method that could be applicated for evaluation of antifungal activities of antifungal agents.
Agar ; Antifungal Agents* ; Candida ; Fungi ; Germination* ; Glass ; Glucose ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Spores ; Tolnaftate ; Trichophyton

Primary ovarian choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare germ cell neoplasm, and the prognosis is poor. Especially, the diagnosis of primary ovarian nongestational chori-ocarcinoma can be reliably established in a girl or innocent virgin. We report a case of primary ovarian, nongestational, pure choriocarcinoma in a 16-year-old woman. She died within 1 year after diagnosis in spite of the treatment with surgery and combin-ation chemotherapy.
Adolescent ; Choriocarcinoma ; Choriocarcinoma, Non-gestational* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diagnosis* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia* ; Scrub Typhus*

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Diagnosis* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M* ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rickettsia* ; Scrub Typhus*

The recent development of microsurgical tissue transfer has enabled any defect in any area to be reconstructed with free flaps. However, the need for a more functional and thinner flap has been raised due to bullkiness of the flap and donorsite morbidity. For better functional and aesthetic results, various perforator flaps excluding muscles or adjacent subcutaneous tissue have been recently reported. We report 44 cases of perforating artery pedicled flaps from April 1995 to August 1998, including 21 cases of anterolateral thigh flap, 12 cases of gluteal artery perforator flap, 4 cases of posterior interosseous flap, and 7 cases of paraumbilical perforator flap for various soft tissue defects. Even though marginal necrosis of flap occurred in 9 cases, complete healing without significant problem was possible. The advantages of perforator flaps are as follows: 1. It is possible to obtain a relatively thin fasciocutaneous flap, but still with sufficient volume 2. Donor site morbidity was reduced without damage of main artery. 3. In spite of diverse vascular pattern of the perforator, the location of perforating arteries can be Detected with relative ease and mapped preoperatively with an ultrasound Doppler. The need of meticulous and tedious dissection could be a sole disadvantage of these flaps. This report describes the clinical experience with a perforator-based flap, anticpating applications of many other types of perforator flap in the future.
Arteries* ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Muscles ; Necrosis ; Perforator Flap ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Surgical Flaps* ; Thigh ; Tissue Donors ; Ultrasonography

The orbitozygomatic area occupies a key anatomic position in midface, is prone to injury, and plays a prominent role in facial aesthetics. So the facial appearance including orbital shape can be altered by complications of orbitozygomatic fractures. Most possible initial complications include blindness, hyphema, retinal detatchment, and paralysis or entrapment of extraocular muscles. Long term sequelaes include infraorbital nerve dysfunction, loss of malar projection, enophthalmos, and dystopia. Accurate anatomic reduction and rigid fixation is essential for management of orbitozygomatic fractures to minimize those late sequelaes. Conventional fixation devices to fix displaced fracture of facial bone are interosseous wire and miniplate. But interosseous wirings are unstable for primary bone healing and time consuming. Miniplates have great deal in rigid fixation but their high profile and palpability are the main complaints in many patients, especially in orbital rim area. In this article, we reviewed the 30 cases of zygomamaxilla complex fractures with orbital rim fracture fixed with microplates, and discussed the stability of microplate and superiorities in final aesthetics result. The use of microplates in these area permits enough stability of fracture segment with ease of procedures and superiorities in final results without any palpability.
Blindness ; Enophthalmos ; Esthetics ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Muscles ; Orbit* ; Paralysis ; Retinaldehyde

Closed reduction is the treatment of choice for most nasal bone fractures. In this technique, the nasal bone cannot be directly visualized, proper reduction is confirmed by palpation of the bony contour. This confirmation-via-palpation is in most cases too uncomfortable or painful for patients, and this is the reason why most closed reductions of nasal bone fractures are performed under general anesthesia. Recently, ultrasonography has been adopted as a useful diagnostic method and operative adjunct. In this report, we report the use of ultrasonography as a means to provide palpation-less confirmation of proper reduction, which in turn allows for nasal bone reduction under local anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local* ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Palpation ; Ultrasonography

A 21-year-old woman underwent bilateral augmentation mammoplasty by injection of an unknown volume of fat obtained via trochanteric and abdominal liposuction. The procedure was performed by a surgeon untrained in plastic surgery, at a clinic not affiliated with a hospital. Six months later, she presented to our clinic with a palpable left breast lump. Physical examination revealed a large firm mass occupying the entire upper outer quadrant of the left breast and a normal right breast. Breast ultrasound showed a large, well-defined isoechoic mass in the left upper outer breast. Considering her age, the patient underwent core needle biopsy, since the mass mimicked a phyllodes tumor on ultrasonography. The 14-gauge core needle biopsy demonstrated multiple lipid droplets with some white-yellowish tissue, caused by liquefaction of the injected fat. Histopathologic examination demonstrated the presence of a pseudocyst with fat necrosis, granulomatous reaction to lipid material, and cystic formations containing oily fluid. No signs of malignancy were detected. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathology revealed findings consistent with fat necrosis.
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast* ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Mammaplasty ; Phyllodes Tumor ; Physical Examination ; Surgery, Plastic ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Case of traumatic wound dehiscence after penetrating keratoplsty were evaluated. Six eyes of six patients which had sustained traumatic wound dehiscence after penetrating keratoplasty done between 1994 and 1997 were included in the study. Among the six patients, four were men,two were women and age ranged from 13 to 62 years (average, 36 years). Penetrating keratoplasty was performed due to visual loss from keratoconus (n=3), herpes keratitis (n=2), leukoma cornea (n=1). The mean duration between penetrating keratoplasty and traumatic wound dehiscence was 10.83 months. Direct hit in the eyes by fist, elbow, bumping against iron post and door handle were the cause leading to wound dehiscence. Corneal donor-recipient junction is known to be vulnerable to trauma and all the wound dehiscence in the six eyes developed at donor-recipient junction, especially at inferior portion. Vision recovered after primary closure of the wound but was worse than before the traum due to the development of corneal opacity and astigmatism.
Astigmatism ; Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Keratitis ; Keratoconus ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Wounds and Injuries*

The author studied the functional derangement of blood-retinal barrier induced by destruction of the pigment epithelial cells of the retina. Sodium iodate, which was well known to exert a selectively destructive action to the retinal pigment epithelial cells, was injected to the rabbits intravenously(60mg/kg of body weight). Eyes were enucleated 2 days and 4 days after sodium iodate injection and examined by electron microscope. Some of the tissue were fixed in colloid lanthanum, to investigate the changes of the permeability of plasma membrane in accordance with cellular damages induced by sodium iodate. The permeability of the blood-retinal barrier was also studied after intravenous(200mg/kg) or intraocular(4 microgram/20ml of saline) injection of horseradish peroxidase(HRP). The results obtained were summarized as the following: Sodium iodate induced patchy areas of loss of pigment epithelial cells after 2 days, which were more widespread and severe after 4 days with regenerative activities. Loss of outer segment and mitochondrial swelling of the inner segment of visual cells were also noted after 4 days. Colloidal lanthanum penetrated into the mitochondria of pigment epithelial cells at 2 days after sodium iodate injection, which was extended to the mitochondria of inner segment of visual cells after 4 days. Intraocularly injected HRP appeared from the internal limiting membrane to Bruch's membrane after 2 days. Intravenously injected HRP appeared from the Bruch's membrane to ganglion cell layer after 2 days, which were extended to the vitreal cavity. The results suggested that the damage of the pigment epithelial cells induced by sodium iodate destroy blood-retinal barrier. HRP exudation is more extensive in direction of retina to choroid than choroid to retina.
Armoracia ; Blood-Retinal Barrier* ; Bruch Membrane ; Cell Membrane ; Choroid ; Colloids ; Epithelial Cells ; Ganglion Cysts ; Lanthanum ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Permeability ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Sodium