PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prophylactic effects of a fixed combination of dorsolamide/timolol on intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation before intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. METHODS: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 91 eyes of 91 patients undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injection. The eyes were randomly divided into 2 groups, the eyes which had used the fixed prophylactic dorsolamide/timolol combination (group 1, 58 eyes) and the eyes which had not used the combination (group 2, 15 eyes). The IOP was measured one hour and 5 minutes prior to the procedure, 5 minutes interval up to 30 minutes after the procedure and one hour, 1 day, 7 days, and one month after the procedure. The IOP changes were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean 5 minutes and 30 minutes postoperative IOPs were 14.12 +/- 4.18 mm Hg and 10.87 +/- 1.58 mm Hg in group 1 and 28.21 +/- 3.16 mm Hg and 17.48 +/- 2.34 mm Hg in group 2, respectively. After IVBI, the mean 5 min postoperative IOP was 12.17 +/- 1.13 mm Hg in group 1 and 27.12 +/- 3.35 mm Hg in group 2. After IVRI, the mean 5 minutes postoperative IOP was 15.98 +/- 4.14 mm Hg in group 1 and 25.19 +/- 1.04 mm Hg in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic use of a fixed dorsolamide/timolol combination before intravitreal anti-VEGF injection is an easy and safe method of preventing IOP elevation immediately after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Eye ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Prospective Studies ; Timolol ; Bevacizumab ; Ranibizumab

A thermal neutron beam facility utilizing a typical tangential beam port for Neutron Capture Therapy was installed at the HANARO, 30 MW multi-purpose research reactor. Mixed beams with different physical characteristics and relative biological effectiveness would be emitted from the BNCT irradiation facility, so a quantitative analysis of each component of the mixed beams should be performed to determine the accurate delivered dose. Thus, various techniques were applied including the use of activation foils, TLDs and ionization chambers. All the dose measurements were performed with the water phantom filled with distilled water. The results of the measurement were compared with MCNP4B calculation. The thermal neutron fluxes were 1.02E9 n/cm2 s and 6.07E8 n/cm2 s at 10 and 20 mm depth respectively, and the fast neutron dose rate was insignificant as 0.11 Gy/hr at 10 mm depth in water. The gamma-ray dose rate was 5.10 Gy/hr at 20 mm depth in water. Good agreement within 5%, has been obtained between the measured dose and the calculated dose using MCNP for neutron and gamma component and discrepancy with 14% for fast neutron flux. Considering the difficulty of neutron detection, the current study support the reliability of these results and confirmed the suitability of the thermal neutron beam as a dosimetric data for BNCT clinical trials.
Fast Neutrons ; Neutron Capture Therapy* ; Neutrons* ; Relative Biological Effectiveness ; Water

OBJECTIVE: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors known to be secreted in murine and human reproductive tract. The development of human, bovine and murine embryos could be promoted by addition of GM-CSF in culture medium. However, the pregnancy and implantation rate of embryos cultured in GM-CSF have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GM-CSF in embryo development, pregnancy and implantation rate. METHODS: A total of 191 IVF cycles were divided into control and GM-CSF supplement group (control =96, GM-CSF=95). The embryos were cultured for three day with or without 2 ng/ml of recombinant human GM-CSF. The quality of embryo, developmental velocity, pregnancy and implantation rates were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, number of gonadotropin ampules used, number of oocytes and fertilization. The number of ICSI cycle was higher in GM-CSF group. In GM-CSF group, G-1 grade embryos were the highest in proportion (56.4%), while G-2 grade embryos were highest (44.3%) in control group. The developmental velocity of embryos were not different between GM-CSF and control group. The pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher in GM-CSF group than control (47.4% vs. 33.3%, 17.0% vs. 11.1% respectively). CONCLUSION: By adding GM-CSF in culture medium, the quality of embryo, pregnancy and implantation rate could be improved.
Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gonadotropins ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans* ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

PURPOSE: To report a case of phacoanaphylactic uveitis presenting as endophthalmitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 77-year-old woman presented with sudden visual disturbance and painful red right eye. She did not have a history of trauma or surgery in her right eye. Her best corrected visual acuity was hand movement in the right eye and log MAR 0.22 in the left eye; intraocular pressure was 27 mm Hg in the right eye and 15 mm Hg in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal edema and prominent inflammation with hypopyon in the anterior chamber. B-scan showed vitreous opacity behind the lens. Based on the diagnosis of endophthalmitis, anterior chamber paracentesis and irrigation were performed. After irrigation, a hypermature cataract with intact anterior capsule was observed. Therefore, we performed extracapsular cataract extraction and intravitreal antibiotics injection. Gram staining of the aqueous humor revealed numerous macrophages filled with lens protein but no organisms. She was treated with hourly topical corticosteroid and an antibiotic agent. One month later, the anterior chamber is clear, and the cultures remained negative. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of spontaneous phacoanaphylactic uveitis presenting as endophthalmitis in a patient with no history of eye trauma or surgery.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aqueous Humor ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Corneal Edema ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macrophages ; Paracentesis ; Uveitis* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of fragmentation and anterior migration occurred after dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) injection in a branch retinal vein occlusion patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year-old male was referred for blurred vision. He received cataract surgery in 1986 and was diagnosed with central retinal vein obstruction in 2011 in the right eye. For treatment of macular edema, dexamethasone intravitreal implant was performed in the right eye. One week after implantation, a fragment of the dexamethasone implant migrated to the anterior chamber with corneal edema and surgical removal was performed immediately. One day after removal, the remaining fragmented implant migrated to the anterior chamber and corneal edema still existed. The fragmented implant was removed with anterior chamber irrigation. After removal, corneal edema improved and visual acuity was recovered. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior migrated dexamethasone implant could induce corneal complications, such as corneal edema and corneal decompensation and might lower the corneal endothelial cell even if immediately removed. We report a case of corneal edema, which was induced by anterior migration of a fragmented dexamethasone implant and recovered with immediate surgical removal.
Aged ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Dexamethasone* ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of 0.02% mitomycin C on eyelash regrowth when injected to the eyelash hair follicle immediately after radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: We prospectively included 21 trichiasis patients from June 2011 to October 2012. Twenty eyes of 14 patients were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C to the hair follicle immediately after radiofrequency ablation in group 1, while radiofrequency ablation only was conducted in ten eyes of seven patients in group 2. Recurrences and complications were evaluated until six months after treatment. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen eyelashes of 20 eyes in group 1 underwent treatment, and 19 (16.4%) eyelashes recurred. Eighty-four eyelashes of ten eyes in group 2 underwent treatment, and 51 (60.7%) eyelashes recurred. No patients developed any complications related to mitomycin C. CONCLUSIONS: Application of 0.02% mitomycin C in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation may help to improve the success rate of radiofrequency ablation treatment in trichiasis patients.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage ; Catheter Ablation/*methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eyelashes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Trichiasis/diagnosis/*therapy

PURPOSE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of 0.02% mitomycin C on eyelash regrowth when injected to the eyelash hair follicle immediately after radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: We prospectively included 21 trichiasis patients from June 2011 to October 2012. Twenty eyes of 14 patients were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C to the hair follicle immediately after radiofrequency ablation in group 1, while radiofrequency ablation only was conducted in ten eyes of seven patients in group 2. Recurrences and complications were evaluated until six months after treatment. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen eyelashes of 20 eyes in group 1 underwent treatment, and 19 (16.4%) eyelashes recurred. Eighty-four eyelashes of ten eyes in group 2 underwent treatment, and 51 (60.7%) eyelashes recurred. No patients developed any complications related to mitomycin C. CONCLUSIONS: Application of 0.02% mitomycin C in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation may help to improve the success rate of radiofrequency ablation treatment in trichiasis patients.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage ; Catheter Ablation/*methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Eyelashes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Trichiasis/diagnosis/*therapy

PURPOSE: To report the case of a 36-year-old patient with nanophthalmic uveal effusion was treated with scleral window surgery and topical administration of mitomycin C (MMC). CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity and blurred vision in the both eyes during 3 months. Fundus examination revealed choroidal effusion and retinal detachment with thickend sclera wall and short axial lengh. Partial-thickness sclera flap with deep sclerostomy was performed and topical MMC was administered to one quadrant of the equatorial sclera. The subretinal fluid resorbed gradually and visual acuity improved. CONCLUSIONS: Scleral window surgery and topical mitomycin C might relieve the blocked transscleral outflow of intraocular fluid in the small area of a sclerostomy in young patient with nanophthlamos.
Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aqueous Humor ; Choroid ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; Retinal Detachment ; Sclera ; Sclerostomy ; Subretinal Fluid ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To elucidate the clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis, and evaluate the outcomes of treatment in CMV endotheliitis. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 7 patients (8 eyes) who were diagnosed with CMV endotheliitis via a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous humor and were treated with ganciclovir. RESULTS: Eight eyes of 7 patients were followed for a mean of 17.8 months. One patient had bilateral corneal endotheliitis. All eyes had coin-shaped keratoprecipitates and mild anterior chamber inflammation (1+~2+). All eyes had an absence of anterior segment inflammation 3 weeks after ganciclovir treatment. Following treatment, the mean visual acuity improved significantly from 0.60 ± 0.40 (log MAR) at baseline to 0.18 ± 0.18 (log MAR) at last follow-up. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased significantly from 30 mm Hg at baseline to 12 mm Hg at last visit. Two eyes had a recurrence of corneal endotheliitis, where one underwent penetrating keratoplasty and the other was treated with intravitreal ganciclovir injection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with increased IOP and coin-shaped keratoprecipitates are suspected to have CMV endotheliitis, and PCR of aqueous humor is needed to diagnose CMV endotheliitis. More than 6 weeks of ganciclovir treatment might be effective for CMV endotheliitis and may help prevent recurrence.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To elucidate the clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis, and evaluate the outcomes of treatment in CMV endotheliitis. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 7 patients (8 eyes) who were diagnosed with CMV endotheliitis via a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous humor and were treated with ganciclovir. RESULTS: Eight eyes of 7 patients were followed for a mean of 17.8 months. One patient had bilateral corneal endotheliitis. All eyes had coin-shaped keratoprecipitates and mild anterior chamber inflammation (1+~2+). All eyes had an absence of anterior segment inflammation 3 weeks after ganciclovir treatment. Following treatment, the mean visual acuity improved significantly from 0.60 ± 0.40 (log MAR) at baseline to 0.18 ± 0.18 (log MAR) at last follow-up. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased significantly from 30 mm Hg at baseline to 12 mm Hg at last visit. Two eyes had a recurrence of corneal endotheliitis, where one underwent penetrating keratoplasty and the other was treated with intravitreal ganciclovir injection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with increased IOP and coin-shaped keratoprecipitates are suspected to have CMV endotheliitis, and PCR of aqueous humor is needed to diagnose CMV endotheliitis. More than 6 weeks of ganciclovir treatment might be effective for CMV endotheliitis and may help prevent recurrence.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Visual Acuity