Objective: Patients with ovarian cancer have a high risk of developing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate laboratory parameters associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients treated for ovarian cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pre-operation laboratory data of patients with ovarian cancer for DVT at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2000 and February 2021. The test items were white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, platelets, monocytes, serum glucose, CA125, D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and body mass index (BMI).Differences between patients with and without DVT were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We analyzed the variables using logistic regression. Items with significant odds ratios were included in multivariate logistic regression. Significant variables were selected using backward elimination. Items were further categorized based on reference ranges. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify items with abnormal values associated with DVT. Results: From 3,147 patient samples analyzed, 286 (9.1%) patients with DVT were selected.Differences between patients with vs without DVT were statistically significant for hemoglobin, monocyte, serum glucose, CA125, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and BMI.After univariate and multivariate analysis, monocyte, glucose, and PT remained significant.Among the categorical variables, low hemoglobin, high monocyte, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI remained significant after univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion Pre-operation laboratory data of low hemoglobin, high monocyte percentage, high serum glucose, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI were associated with DVT.

Objective: Patients with ovarian cancer have a high risk of developing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate laboratory parameters associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients treated for ovarian cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pre-operation laboratory data of patients with ovarian cancer for DVT at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2000 and February 2021. The test items were white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, platelets, monocytes, serum glucose, CA125, D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and body mass index (BMI).Differences between patients with and without DVT were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We analyzed the variables using logistic regression. Items with significant odds ratios were included in multivariate logistic regression. Significant variables were selected using backward elimination. Items were further categorized based on reference ranges. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify items with abnormal values associated with DVT. Results: From 3,147 patient samples analyzed, 286 (9.1%) patients with DVT were selected.Differences between patients with vs without DVT were statistically significant for hemoglobin, monocyte, serum glucose, CA125, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and BMI.After univariate and multivariate analysis, monocyte, glucose, and PT remained significant.Among the categorical variables, low hemoglobin, high monocyte, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI remained significant after univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion Pre-operation laboratory data of low hemoglobin, high monocyte percentage, high serum glucose, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI were associated with DVT.

Objective: Patients with ovarian cancer have a high risk of developing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate laboratory parameters associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients treated for ovarian cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pre-operation laboratory data of patients with ovarian cancer for DVT at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2000 and February 2021. The test items were white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, platelets, monocytes, serum glucose, CA125, D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and body mass index (BMI).Differences between patients with and without DVT were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We analyzed the variables using logistic regression. Items with significant odds ratios were included in multivariate logistic regression. Significant variables were selected using backward elimination. Items were further categorized based on reference ranges. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify items with abnormal values associated with DVT. Results: From 3,147 patient samples analyzed, 286 (9.1%) patients with DVT were selected.Differences between patients with vs without DVT were statistically significant for hemoglobin, monocyte, serum glucose, CA125, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and BMI.After univariate and multivariate analysis, monocyte, glucose, and PT remained significant.Among the categorical variables, low hemoglobin, high monocyte, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI remained significant after univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion Pre-operation laboratory data of low hemoglobin, high monocyte percentage, high serum glucose, high CA125, prolonged PT, and high BMI were associated with DVT.

Purpose: Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) presents a significant genetic predisposition, notably linked to mutations in the CDH1 and CTNNA1. However, the genetic basis for over half of HDGC cases remains unidentified. The aim of this study is to identify novel pathogenic variants in HDGC and evaluate their protein expression. Materials and Methods: Among 20 qualifying families, two were selected based on available pedigree and DNA. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) on DNA extracted from blood and whole exome sequencing on DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were performed to find potential pathogenic variants in HDGC. After selection of a candidate variant, functional validation, and enrichment analysis were performed. Results: As a result of WGS, three candidate germline mutations (EPHA5, MCOA2, and RHOA) were identified in one family. After literature review and in-silico analyses, the RHOA mutation (R129W) was selected as a candidate. This mutation was found in two gastric cancer patients within the family. In functional validation, it showed RhoA overexpression and a higher GTP-bound state in the RhoaR129W mutant. Decreased phosphorylation at Ser127/397 suggested altered YAP1 regulation in the Rho-ROCK pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses linked RhoaR129W overexpression to changed migration/adhesion in MKN1 cell line. However, this RHOA mutation (R129W) was not found in index patients in other families. Conclusion The RHOA mutation (R129W) emerges as a potential causative gene for HDGC, but only in one family, indicating a need for further studies to understand its role in HDGC pathogenesis fully.

Based on emerging data and current knowledge regarding high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as a primary screening for cervical cancer, the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology support the following scientific facts: • Compared to cytology, hrHPV screening has higher sensitivity and detects more cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. • Qualified hrHPV testing can be considered as an alternative primary screening for cervical cancer to the current cytology method. • The starting age of primary hrHPV screening should not be before 25 years because of possible overtreatment in this age, which has a high human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence but rarely progresses to cancer. The screening interval should be no sooner than every 3 years and no longer than every 5 years. • Before the introduction of hrHPV screening in Korea, research into comparative effectiveness of primary hrHPV screening for cervical cancer should be conducted to determine the appropriate HPV assay, starting age, and screening interval.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Gynecology ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Medical Overuse ; Methods ; Obstetrics ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Based on emerging data and current knowledge regarding high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as a primary screening for cervical cancer, the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology support the following scientific facts:• Compared to cytology, hrHPV screening has higher sensitivity and detects more cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.• Qualified hrHPV testing can be considered as an alternative primary screening for cervical cancer to the current cytology method.• The starting age of primary hrHPV screening should not be before 25 years because of possible overtreatment in this age, which has a high human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence but rarely progresses to cancer. The screening interval should be no sooner than every 3 years and no longer than every 5 years.• Before the introduction of hrHPV screening in Korea, research into comparative effectiveness of primary hrHPV screening for cervical cancer should be conducted to determine the appropriate HPV assay, starting age, and screening interval.

Objective: We investigated the proportions of and reclassified BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance (VUS) in Korean patients with epithelial ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancers. Methods: Data from 805 patients who underwent genetic testing for BRCA1/2 from January 1, 2006 to August 31, 2018 were included. The VUS in BRCA1/2 were reclassified using the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology standards and guidelines. Results: A BRCA1 pathogenic variant was found in 17.0% (137/805) of the patients, and BRCA1 VUS were found in 15.9% (128/805) of the patients. Further, 8.7% (69/805) of the patients possessed a BRCA2 pathogenic variant and 18.4% (148/805) of the patients possessed BRCA2 VUS. Fifty-three specific BRCA1 VUS were found and 20 were further reclassified as benign (n=11), likely benign (n=5), likely pathogenic (n=3), and pathogenic (n=1). The remaining 33 remained classified as VUS. For BRCA2, 55 specific VUS were detected; among these, 14 were reclassified as benign or likely benign, and 2 were reclassified as likely pathogenic. Among the 805 patients, 195 were found to have only VUS and no pathogenic variants (PV), and 41.5% (81/195) were reclassified as benign or likely benign, and 10.3% (20/195) as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. Conclusions Approximately 33.3% (36/108) of the specific BRCA1/2 variants analyzed in this study that were initially classified as VUS over a 13-year period were reclassified. Among these, 5.6% (6/108) were reclassified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants.

The Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology International Workshop 2018 on gynecologic oncology was held in the Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea on the 24th to 25th August 2018. The workshop was an opportunity for Asian doctors to discuss the latest findings of gynecologic cancer, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, as well as the future of fertility-sparing treatments, minimally invasive/radical/debulking surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Clinical guidelines and position statement of Asian countries were presented by experts. Asian clinical trials for gynecologic cancers were reviewed and experts emphasized the point that original Asian study is beneficial for Asian patients. In Junior session, young gynecologic oncologists presented their latest research on gynecologic cancers.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Korea ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Radiotherapy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

On the basis of emerging data and the current understanding of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for radical hysterectomy (RH) in women with cervical cancer, the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Korean Society of Gynecologic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Surgery support the following recommendations: • According to the recently published phase III Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial—a prospective randomized clinical trial—disease-free survival and overall survival rates of MIS RH are significantly lower than those of open RH. • Gynecologic oncologists should be aware of the emerging data on MIS RH for early-stage cervical cancer. • The results of the LACC trial, together with institutional data, should be discussed with patients before choosing MIS RH. • MIS RH should be performed for optimal candidates according to the current practice guidelines by gynecologic oncologists who are skilled at performing MIS.
Endoscopy ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Obstetrics ; Prospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms