No Abstract available.
Infection Control*

Morning sickness during pregnancy is a very common functional problem with different kinds of symptom, but little data are available concerning the nutrition intervention program for pregnant women in local area. A total of 152 pregnant women who had experienced morning sickness were surveyed to investigate the relationships between morning sickness, nutrient intakes and pregnancy outcome. The results showed that prevalent symptoms were nausea (68.4%), heartburn (59.2%), morning sickness (48.7%), vomiting (42.1%), and constipation (44.7%). The onset of the symptom occurred during the first 3 months (9.3 +/- 2.3 weeks); 21.1% of the subjects was experienced two symptom at the same time. This significantly correlated with vomiting (p < 0.01), nausea (p < 0.001), morning sickness (p < 0.001), and heartburn (p < 0.01) with pregnancy weight. There were also correlations between the four symptoms and nutrient intakes. Mean birth weight of 21 newborns was 3.06 +/- 0.42 kg, and the one and five minutes of Apgar scores were 7.74 +/- 0.99 and 8.84 +/- 0.69, respectively. There were negative correlations between vomiting and pregnancy outcomes (p < 0.05). Our data support that morning sickness, especially vomiting during pregnancy is associated with Apgar score and body weight of newborn.
Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Body Weight ; Constipation ; Female ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Morning Sickness ; Nausea ; Nutritional Status* ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Vomiting

Urinary tract endometriosis is rare, especially suburethral endometriosis with symptoms of dysuria and urgency is very rare. We report a case of successful surgically treated suburethral endometriosis through the Retzius space.
Dysuria ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Urinary Tract

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm and arises from the serosal lining of the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities. The median survival rang from 5 to 12 months, mainly because of lack of effective treatment. The incidence is approximately one per 1,000,000 and peritoneal mesothelioma represents one fourth of all mesotheliomas. There is a relationship between mesothelioma and asbestos exposure, but non-asbestos related cases were reported. Treatments of malignant mesothelioma are cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, but current treatment options are unsatisfactory. We report two cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum and pericardium treated by operation and adjuvant chemotherapy with a brief review of literature.
Asbestos ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Incidence ; Mesothelioma ; Pericardium ; Peritoneum

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm and arises from the serosal lining of the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities. The median survival rang from 5 to 12 months, mainly because of lack of effective treatment. The incidence is approximately one per 1,000,000 and peritoneal mesothelioma represents one fourth of all mesotheliomas. There is a relationship between mesothelioma and asbestos exposure, but non-asbestos related cases were reported. Treatments of malignant mesothelioma are cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, but current treatment options are unsatisfactory. We report two cases of malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum and pericardium treated by operation and adjuvant chemotherapy with a brief review of literature.
Asbestos ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Incidence ; Mesothelioma ; Pericardium ; Peritoneum

BACKGROUND: Defensin, a major family of antimicrobial peptides, is small cationic, cysteine rich peptides with wide range of antimicrobial activity against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, fungi, yeast, and virus. Expression of human defensin-2 is upregulated by bacteria, virus, fungus and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, this peptide was found to be only bacteriostatic, but not bactericidal, against the Gram positive bacteria. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate human defensin-2 (hBD-2) expression after exposure of human skin keratinocytes to the cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan(PEN), and to compare quantitatively the amount of expression with that after their exposure to the cell wall component of Gram negative bacteria. METHODS: Expression of hBD-2 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry(IHC). RESULTS: 1. In RT-PCR results, the amount of hBD-2 expression after exposure to LPS was larger than those of PEN and LTA at 6 and 12 hours (p=0.02). At 24 hours, hBD-2 expression showed a peak in PEN stimulated group (p=0.09). 2. In Western blot analysis, hBD-2 expressions, when treated with PEN and LTA, were stronger than that treated with LPS at 6 and 12 hours. 3. In IHC, hBD-2 was stained much stronger in LPS stimulated group than PEN or LTA stimulated groups at 12 hours. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that exposure of human skin keratinocytes to the cell wall components of Gram positive bacteria such as LTA and PEN triggered production of hBD-2 in addition to the cell wall component of Gram negative bacteria such as LPS, however, the amounts of expression were relatively stronger in LPS treated group.
Bacteria ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Wall ; Cysteine ; Cytokines ; Fungi ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes ; Peptides ; Peptidoglycan* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Skin ; Thiram ; Yeasts

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the second trimester Quad test markers in patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia depending on the disease onset time and the presence of fetal growth restriction (FGR). METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 66 women with severe preeclampsia and 345 controls who were delivered at Dong-A University hospital and Ilsin Christian Hospital from January 2006 to December 2008. Severe preeclampsia patients were grouped according to with (n=30) or without (n=36) FGR. Severe preeclampsia patients were also grouped according to early onset (n=16) or late onset (n=50) The levels of the second trimester human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), inhibin-A, unconjugated estriol (uE3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were compared in each group. RESULTS: In the pregnancies that subsequently developed severe preeclampsia, the second trimester hCG, inhibin-A and AFP were significantly higher than the controls. We found that levels of hCG, inhibin-A in severe preeclampsia complicated by FGR were significantly higher than those without FGR. We also found that levels of AFP and inhibin-A in early onset severe preeclampsia were significantly higher than late onset severe preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: The levels of second trimester Quad test markers in patients that subsequently developed severe preeclampsia were different according to with or without FGR and onset time.
Adenine ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carbamates ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Deoxycytidine ; Drug Combinations ; Estriol ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Organophosphonates ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Quinolones ; Retrospective Studies ; Thiazoles ; Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination

PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of ganglionic cysts related to thescapula. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed 15 ganglionic cysts diagnosed by MR imaging in 14pa-tients who subsequently underwent surgical excision (n=8) or needle aspiration (n=1). Five other patients whoselesion-related symptoms were not too severe to manage underwent conservative treatment. We ana-lyzed MR findingswith regard to the size, shape and presence of internal septa, the location and signal intensity of the lesion,and associated findings such as change of rotator cuff muscle, labral tear and bone erosion. We also evaluated thepresence of tear of rotator cuff tendon, tendinosis, and subacromial enthesophyte. RESULTS: The diameter ofganglionic cysts was 0.5 -5.5 (mean, 2.8)cm, and they were round (n=2), ovoid (n=6), or elongated (n=7). Whereinternal septa were present (n=13), cysts were lobulated. Lesions were located in both scapular and spinoglenoidnotches (n=9), only in the scapular notch (n=2), only in the spinoglenoid notch (n=2) or within the bone (n=2). Ineleven cases they were very close to the superoposterior aspect of the glenoid labrum (n=11). On T1-weightedimages, all lesions were seen to be iso- or hypointense to mus-cle, while on T2-weighted images, they werehyperintense, resembling joint fluid (n=14), except in one patient with hemorrhage. Associated findings were edemaof the infraspinatus muscle (n=4), pressure erosion of the scapular neck (n=1), and labral tear (n=1). A tornsupraspinatus tendon (n=2), supraspinatus tendinosis(n=3), and subacromial enthesophyte (n=2) were also present.CONCLUSION: MR imaging was helpful in diagnosing ganglionic cysts and detecting associated lesions.
Ganglion Cysts* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff ; Scapula* ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons

BACKGROUND: Trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (tranexamic acid) has recently been reported to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and hinder the pigmentation caused after UV radiation. OBJECTIVE: we evaluated the influence of tranexamic acid on the viability, morphogenesis and melanization of cultured normal human melanocytes. METHOD: The cultured melanocytes from neonatal foreskin were exposed to UVB 20mJ/cm2, then treated with tranexamic acid [0.05microgram/ml, 0.05microgram/ml, and 0.5microgram/ml]. After 24 hours, the viability of melanocytes and the melanin concentration was measured. The number and length of the melanocytes' dendrites, and the expression level of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 were also evaluated. RESULTS: The viability of the melanocytes was decreased by tranexamic acid in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The increased melanin synthesis by UVB irradiation was decreased by tranexamic acid in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). Also, the increased expressions of TRP-1, TRP-2 and tyrosinase after exposure to UV were statistically decreased by tranexamic acid in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: tranexamic acid may prevents UVB induced pigmentation.
Dendrites ; Foreskin ; Humans* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Morphogenesis ; Pigmentation ; Tranexamic Acid

BACKGROUND: The students who had traveled in Jeju island developed symptoms of diarrhea at a girls' high school in Busan, June 2000. The goals of this study are to investigate the pattern of shigellosis and to compare drug resistance to S. sonnei with recent studies by reference reports. METHODS: Through epidemiological investigation and stool test of new patients, 993 students were registered from Jun.12 to 17, 2000 in a girls' high school, Busan. 2nd grade students(N=355) who had traveled in Jeju island described a questionnaire of the source of infection. Clinical and bacteriological studies were carried out on 6 cases of patients with S. sonnei. RESULTS: Among total 993 students, 79 patients were considered to have diarrhea. But 54 patients of 2nd grade students developed symptoms of diarrhea(14.7%) and the analysis of associative symptoms showed that it contained abdominal pain(72.2%), headache(61.6%), tenesmus(57.4%). 43 students of 2nd grade students who had traveled in Jeju ate chinese foods. Of them, 40 students showed diarrhea(93.0%) confirmed shigellosis(6 students), probable shigellosis(34 students). S. sonnei was isolated from 6 patients(14.0%). The attack rate of diarrhea was 20.7 times more in the group eating chinese foods than in the group not eating chinese foods(p<0.001). After the 2nd grade students ate chinese foods in Jeju, diarrhea attack day distribution was first day(23.2%), second day(39.7%), and third day(16.3%). The result of drug resistance test to S. sonnei(ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, and streptomycin) was 100%. CONCLUSION: The 2nd grade patients with shigellosis ate chinese foods in a restaurant, Jeju. The pattern of antibiotic resistance to S. sonnei was different from that of several previous cases of shigellosis in Busan.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Busan* ; Diarrhea ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Eating ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Humans ; Restaurants ; Shigella sonnei* ; Shigella* ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim ; Surveys and Questionnaires