No abstract available.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of scalp acupuncture (SA), a modern acupuncture technique specialized to neurological disorders, in managing motor function and symptoms for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

METHODSTwo independent reviewers extracted data from all of the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of SA for PD compared with conventional therapies (CTs). Sixteen electronic databases were searched. The risk of bias was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the reporting of the included studies was evaluated by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 checklist and the revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines.

RESULTSIn total, 4 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. As assessed by the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), 2 RCTs showed that SA combined with CTs proved superior to CTs alone [60 cases; weighted mean difference, -3.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), -6.05 to -1.84, P=0.01; I(2) =0%]. Based on the Webster scale, however, 3 RCTs showed no superior effect of SA when combined with CTs with high heterogeneity (154 cases; risk ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.12, P=0.30; I(2) =84%). The Cochrane risk of bias, adherence to the CONSORT and the STRICTA checklist showed that the quality of all the included RCTs was generally low.

CONCLUSIONSThe result of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the effectiveness of SA for PD is promising, however, the evidence is not convincing. A sham-controlled RCT design that adheres to the CONSORT and STRICTA guidelines to overcome methodological weakness and that includes a large sample size is strongly recommended to confirm the precise effect of SA on PD.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Scalp ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, occupational injuries have sparked a huge social and political debate. Thus, in this study, we focused on the characteristics and trends of occupational injuries requiring hospitalization in Korea. METHODS: The Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey was designed to estimate the annual number and characteristics of all injury-related hospitalizations in Korea. The annual number of hospitalizations due to occupational injuries and the age-standardized rates (ASRs) were estimated from 2006 to 2019. The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using joinpoint regression. All analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS: In men, the APC of the ASRs of all-cause occupational injuries was -3.1% (95% CI, -4.5 to -1.7) in 2006-2015. However, a non-significant upward trend was observed after 2015 (APC, 3.3%; 95% CI, -1.6 to 8.5). In women, the APC of all-cause occupational injuries was -8.6% (95% CI, -12.1 to -5.1) in 2006-2012. However, a non-significant upward trend was observed after 2012 (APC, 2.1%; 95% CI, -0.9 to 5.2). A recent upward trend in stabbing injuries was observed after 2012 (APC, 4.7%; 95% CI, -1.8 to 11.8) in women. A non-significant overall increasing trend was also observed for occupational injuries caused by exposure to extreme temperatures (AAPC, 3.7%; 95% CI, -1.1 to 8.7) in women. CONCLUSIONS A recent upward trend in all-cause injury hospitalizations and hospitalizations caused by stabbing injuries was observed. Therefore, active policy interventions are required to prevent occupational injuries.

BACKGROUND: Cathepsin D, an aspartic lysosomal proteinase, is believed to be involved in local invasion and metastasis of tumor cells by its proteolytic activity and has been described to be associated with tumor progression and prognosis in some human malignancies including breast cancer. But, its prognostic value for human lung cancer remains to be determined. The purpose of this study is to determine clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cathepsin D expression in non-small cell lung cancer. METHOD: Using a polyclonal antibody, immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin D was performed on paraffin embedded sections of tumors obtained surgically from 54 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (37 squamous cell carcinoma, 14 adenocarcinoma, 2 large cell carcinoma, and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (33.3%) showed positive immunoreactivities of cathepsin D in tumor cells. No significant correlation of cathepsin D expression in tumor cells was found in p-stage (surgical-pathologic stage), tumor size, tumor factor, nodal involvement, and differentiation. Of 54 patients, 29 (53.7%) patients showed moderate to massive cathepsin D-positive stromal cells within the tumor tissues, while the rest (46.3%) showed few cathepsin D-positive stromal cells within the tumor tissues. Cathepsin D expression n stromal cells was significantly associated with p-stage in non-small cell lung cancer (p=0.031). No significant correlation of the degree of cathepsin D-positive stromal cells was found in tumor size, T-factor, nodal involvement, differentiation. Cathepsin D expression status in tumor cells and stromal cells was not significantly associated with prognosis expressed by survival rate. The results of multivariate analyses of variables possibly associated with progonosis showed that nodal involvement was the only independent prognostic factor in all patients. CONCLUSION: Cathepsin D expression in stromal cells was significantly associated with p-stage in non-small cell lung cancer. However, it was not related to other clinicopathologic features and prognosis, and Cathepsin D expression in tumor was not related to p-stage and prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cathepsin D* ; Cathepsins* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prognosis* ; Stromal Cells ; Survival Rate

Background: Occupational injuries and diseases are life events that significantly impact an individuals’ identity. In this study, we examined the trajectories of self-esteem among victims of occupational injury and disease and their relation to health. Methods: The Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance conducted annual followups on workers who had experienced occupational injury or disease. A total of 2,000 participants, who had completed medical care, were followed from 2013 to 2017. Growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify latent classes in the self-esteem trajectory.Additionally, logistic regressions were conducted to explore the association between trajectory membership, baseline predictors, and outcomes. Results: Three distinct trajectory classes were identified. Total 65.8% of the samples (n = 1,316) followed an increasing self-esteem trajectory, while 31.1% (n = 623) exhibited a constant trajectory, and 3.1% (n = 61) showed a decreasing trajectory. Individuals with an increasing trajectory were more likely to have a higher educational attainment (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.88), an absence of a moderate-to-severe disability rating (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25–0.96), no difficulty in daily living activities (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75–0.88), and were economically active (re-employed: OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.52–3.98; returned to original work: OR, 4.46; 9% CI, 2.65–7.50). Those with a decreasing self-esteem trajectory exhibited an increased risk of poor subjective health (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.85–4.85 in 2013 to OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.04–13.81 in 2017), whereas individuals with an increasing trajectory showed a decreased risk (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43–0.68 in 2013 to OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33–0.57 in 2017). Conclusion Our findings emphasize the diversity of psychological responses to occupational injury or disease. Policymakers should implement interventions to enhance the self-esteem of victims.

Methods: To operationalize precarious employment, we utilized data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey and focused on three distinct dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protections. By constructing a summative scale ranging from -16 to 2, with lower scores indicating higher precariousness, we measured employment precariousness among Korean wage workers. To compare employment precariousness according to survey participant characteristics, we employed the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results: We analyzed a weighted number of 38,432 workers. The overall sample showed a median (Q1, Q3) summative scale score of -3 (-6, -1). The median summative score was lower for women compared to men (men: -2; women: -5; p < 0.001), as well as for young or older workers compared to middle-aged workers (young: -4; middle-aged: -2; older: -5; p < 0.001). Similarly, workers with lower educational levels (middle school or below: -8; high school: -5; college or above: -2; p < 0.001) and non-white collar workers (blue collar: -5; service/sales worker: -6; white collar: -2; p < 0.001) experienced higher levels of employment precariousness. Conclusion Our findings indicate that certain vulnerable groups, such as women, young or older adults, workers with low educational attainment, and caregiving or low-skilled elementary workers, are disproportionately exposed to high employment precariousness. Active policy interventions are needed to improve the employment quality of vulnerable groups.

Background: Although Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been widely used for intracranial meningiomas as an alternative or adjuvant treatment, guidelines have not been established for the selection of patients with petroclival meningioma (PCM) for GKRS. In this study, we reported the factors related to tumor progression and postoperative complications in PCM patients treated by GKRS, with a review of the literatures. Methods: Between 2004 and 2019, 64 patients (52 patients for alternative and 12 patients for adjuvant treatment) with PCM underwent GKRS in our institution. The clinical and radiological factors were retrospectively analyzed. The mean radiologic follow-up duration was 58.4 months (range, 6-164 months). The mean tumor volume and diameter before GKRS were 13.4㎤ and 2.9 cm, respectively.The median marginal dose was 12 Gy (range, 10-14 Gy) with a 50% median isodose line. Fractionation was used in 19 cases (29%, two fractionations in 5 cases & three fractionations in 14 cases). Results: Progression was noted in 7 cases (10.9%) and the progression-free survival rates were 91.1% at 5 years and 69.6% at 10 years. Although large in volume, moderate to severe peritumoral edema and male gender were somewhat related to progression, they did not reach statistical significance. Ten patients (15.6%) developed complications after GKRS. The most common complication was cranial nerve deficit (n=8), followed by hemiparesis, cognitive dysfunction, and hydrocephalus. Large size (maximal diameter ≥5 cm) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.091, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.014-0.608;p=0.013] and multiplicity (HR 0.102, 95% CI 0.018-0.573; p=0.009) were independent factors for developing complications after GKRS. Conclusion GKRS can be considered an effective and safe treatment for large-volume PCM. However, for patients with large size or multiple masses, the treatment method should be determined with caution because the probability of complications after GKRS may increase.

Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (MMMT) are rare aggressive tumors that typically arise fromthe female genital tract. This malignancy has an extremely poor prognosis due to its rapid growthand the high associated incidence of both local recurrence and distant metastases. Althoughintraperitoneal metastasis from MMMT is relatively common, no reports exist regarding theradiologic findings of intestinal metastasis from MMMT. Here, we report a case of MMMT withsecondary small bowel metastasis and the associated radiologic findings.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that often present with severe chest or back pain. It includes acute aortic dissection (AD), intramural hematoma (IMH), dissecting aneurysm, and penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU). The clinical picture of AAS and its prognosis have not been studied in a large number of Korean patients. Therefore, we organized a multi-center registry to identify the clinical characteristics and treatment patterns, as well as long-term outcomes in Korean patients with AAS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five-hundred twenty-eight patients, who had been diagnosed with AAS, were enrolled into this registry from 10 centers. On a retrospective basis, we collected demographic, laboratory, imaging data, as well as follow-up clinical outcomes by reviewing medical records from individual centers. All the data were collected in core lab and analyzed in detail. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 60.1+/-14.5 years; the male-to-female ratio was M : F=297 : 231. The prevalent risk factors for AAS included hypertension (361, 68.4%) and diabetes (52, 11.1%). The components of AAS that are included in this study are acute AD (446, 84.5%), IMH (57, 10.7%), and PAU (11, 2.1%). By type of AAS, patients diagnosed with Stanford A were 45.6% of enrolled patients, whereas those with Stanford B were 54.4% of enrolled patients. Among nearly half of the patients were treated with medicine (55.7%) alone, whereas 40.0% underwent surgery and 4.3% underwent endovascular treatment. Overall, the in-hospital event rate was 21.2% and the in-hospital death rate was 8.1%. The mean follow-up duration was 42.8 months and there showed 22.9% of total event and 10.1% of death during this period. CONCLUSION: By organizing a multi-center registry of AAS, we could identify the characteristics of AAS in real-world Korean patients. Further, prospective study is warranted with a larger number of patients.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aortic Diseases ; Back Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Medical Records ; Population Characteristics ; Prognosis ; Pyridines ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thiazoles ; Thorax ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has been proposed as a non-invasive method for estimating the severity of fibrosis and the complications of cirrhosis. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing the presence of portal hypertension, but its invasiveness limits its clinical application. In this study we evaluated the relationship between LSM and HVPG, and the predictive value of LSM for clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and severe portal hypertension in cirrhosis. METHODS: LSM was performed with transient elastography in 59 consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent hemodynamic HVPG investigations. CSPH and severe portal hypertension were defined as HVPG > or =10 and > or =12 mmHg, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between LSM and HVPG. Diagnostic values were analyzed based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: A strong positive correlation between LSM and HVPG was observed in the overall population (r2=0.496, P<0.0001). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for the prediction of CSPH (HVPG > or =10 mmHg) was 0.851, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for an LSM cutoff value of 21.95 kPa were 82.5%, 73.7%, 86.8%, and 66.7%, respectively. The AUROC at prediction of severe portal hypertension (HVPG > or =12 mmHg) was 0.877, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV at LSM cutoff value of 24.25 kPa were 82.9%, 70.8%, 80.6%, and 73.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM exhibited a significant correlation with HVPG in patients with cirrhosis. LSM could be a non-invasive method for predicting CSPH and severe portal hypertension in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol-Related Disorders/complications ; Area Under Curve ; *Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Female ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis C/complications ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/*complications/*diagnosis ; Linear Models ; Liver Cirrhosis/*complications/*diagnosis/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity