This study was conducted to identify the relationships among quality of life, ADL, depression and self-efficacy in people with chronic arthritis. Firth two patients with chronic arthritis participated in this study. The data were collected from 5th Jan. To 15th Oct., 1997. SPSS program was utilized for data with mean, standard deviation, pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of quality of life was 5.47, representing moderate degree of quality of life. The mean scores were 2.54 for ADL, 2.06 for depression and 61.69 for self-efficacy. 2. Significant correlations between quality of life and ADL, self-efficacy, and depression were found. quality of life was positively related to ADL and self-efficacy, while negative correlation was shown between quality of life and depression. 3. When correlated with demographic characteristics, quality of life was significantly negatively related to duration of illness. The study results suggested that nursing intervention such as, self-help education improving self-efficacy would be useful for patients who are depressed and have limited ADL.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Arthritis* ; Depression* ; Education ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life*

This study was done to investigate of instrumental activities of daily livingOADL) and quality of life and their relationships between the elderly. Data were collected from 150 elderly home residents. The data were collected from December 1st to December 20th, 2000. Structured questionnaires developed by Lawton & Brody and by Ro were adopted to measure IADL and Quality of life. Data were analyzed for percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA and Parson correlation coefficients using the SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of the level of IADL was 20.68+/-2.98(M+/-SD) with a range of 7-26. 2. The average score of the level of Quality of life was 2.96+/-0.25(M+/-SD). In the average score of each lower area, highest score was 3.22 for neighbor relationship and family relationship and then 3.00 for self-esteem, 2.95 for economic status, 2.86 for emotional status, and 2.85, lowest score, for physical condition and function. 3. Comparing IADL and Quality of life with general characteristics, IADL showed that there were significant difference in age (t=2.927, p=0.036) and separated children contact frequency (t= 2.482, p=0.046), while Quality of life showed that there were significant difference in spouse existence (t=2.334, p=0.021), religion(t=4.089, p=0.008), family style(t=3.285, p=0.040), children number living together(t=5.332, p=0.006), communication with separated children frequency(t=4.129, p=0.003), and separated children contact frequency(t=3.908, p=0.005). 4. There was also significant positive correlation between IADL and Quality of life. The above results show that neighbor relationship and family relationship which have greatly an influence on IADL and Quality of life are very important. The elderly should be helped to satisfy their basic desire and show their potential living together with the younger generation interdependently without being isolated from family and society. Therefore, the nursing strategy that enhance IADL and Quality of life are needed and the nursing strategy that can improve IADL and Quality of life of Elderly Home Residents should be developed.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged* ; Child ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses

This study was for understanding about the current situation of internal nursing research related to empowerment and for suggesting the direction the research on empowerment should improve, 17 nursing research articles between 1991 and 2001 were analyzed and their analysis results showed that the research on empowerment tends increasing in number. Looking at study methods, survery and research had a majority of researchs and the target of research was mainly nurses. Empowerment concept is a process that it helps to be able to assert the control about factors which influence on human life. This process suggested the precondition and result on empowerment in view of nursing that it includes broader systematic, structural and social responsibility in making individual taking responsibility on his health in management. Empowerment is to enhance the power and its basic starts from his own empowerment. The contents of his own empowerment is to improve his own abilityOncluding spiritual. physical. and social ability), to connote also his own confidence enhancement which looks at himself as positive and strong, and to run after the his internal repletion through strengthening of his positive aspect. Based on above his own empowerment, the empowerment that builds the capability of group or organization is eventually to strengthen the spirit of individual and organization. Finally, this concept means that it can have an usefulness about nursing practice, education, administration and research. With the foundation of this research analysis, although the research on empowerment is largely limited to nurse, in future this should be applied to various nursing targets. In addition, the research on diverse applying methods including program develoment which bases on this concept should be made.
Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Nursing Research ; Power (Psychology)* ; Research Report* ; Social Responsibility

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was investigate the relationship between IADL, self-esteem and empowerment of elderly home residents. METHOD: The data were collected from Aug. 1st to September 30, 2004. The participants were 274 elderly people who lived at home. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using the SPSS program. RESULT: Mean scores for IADL, self-esteem and empowerment were 3.74, 3.22, 3.36 respectively. IADL and self-esteem showed a significantly positive correlation to empowerment. CONCLUSION: This results indicate that the elderly people need more self-esteem and empowerment. Therefor it is important to develop effective strategies to enhance empowerment in elderly people.
Aged* ; Humans ; Power (Psychology)* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the factors which influence depression for elderly people who live at home. METHODS: The participants were 134 elderly people living at home in M city. Data were collected from April 2 to 30, 2009 and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 program. I assumed path coefficients by doing path analysis to understand synthetically causal relationship which influences on depression. RESULTS: Social support, sleep pattern and self esteem had significant direct effects on life satisfaction and accounted for 50% of the total variance in life satisfaction. Physical symptoms, sleep pattern and life satisfaction also had significant direct effects on depression and accounted for 59% of the variance in depression. But social support, self assertiveness and self esteem were not significant for depression. CONCLUSION: These results provide guidance for designing useful strategies to reduce depression in elderly people living at home.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Depression/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Self Concept ; Sleep Deprivation ; Social Support

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emergency setting visitors' knowledge and behavior patterns in relation to prevention of respiratory tract infections. METHODS: A descriptive survey was used. The participants were visitors to the emergency service in ‘D’ general hospital in ‘D’ city, and the data were collected from July 1 to September 1, 2016. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Factors influencing prevention of respiratory tract infections were visitors' education level, methods of dissemination of prevention information, and participants' knowledge with regard to preventive methods. The explanatory power was found to be 35% in the regression model. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that visitors' education level, knowledge of infection prevention, and the dissemination of information regarding infection prevention by the hospital play an important role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections in emergency services in the hospital. These results highlight the need for a customized education program for prevention of respiratory tract infections in emergency settings. Programs should take into consideration the educational background of visitors, and provide them with appropriate information regarding infection prevention.
Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, General ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare frequency and importance of nursing practice in novice nurses and student nurses. METHOD: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 292 novice nurses in 2 hospitals with 500 beds and 214 student nurses from 4 universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 1) The total score for frequency of nursing practice was 2.58+/-0.41 and for the importance of nursing practice was 3.03+/-0.36 in novice nurses and in student nurses the frequency score was 2.66+/-0.69 and the total score for importance was 3.24+/-0.35. 2) The total score for frequency was not different between novice and student nurses, but 9 of the top 10 categories in order of frequency were significantly different. 3) The score for importance between novice nurses and student nurses was significantly different with the student nurses having higher scores than the novice nurses. 4) Frequency scores were not different for students in universities compared to students in community colleges. CONCLUSION: Novice nurses perform skills associated with medication, but student nurses do not and therefore do not recognize the importance of these skills. Education in nursing needs to identify strategies to strengthen practice in this vulnerable area.
Humans

PURPOSE: This study provides useful basic information about caring for elderly women. It also promotes understanding by confirming what can vitalize the women and improve quality of life in elderly women as they continue to become important in the society which is moving towards being an "aged society". METHOD: Grounded theory a qualitative research method, was use to develop new thesis regarding life's vitality in elderly women. Thirteen women participated in the research. They were women without any problems in perception or communication and who agreed to participate in the research. RESULT: The results, using analysis process of Strauss and Corbin (1990), showed that life's vitality in elderly women is to bring well-being through vitalization against weakness. CONCLUSION: Based on such these results, this study will be helpful to nursing mediation and policy development which will improve the quality of life of elderly women through better understanding and promotion of life's vitality.
Aged* ; Female ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Policy Making ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitations of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric antibiotic regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. METHODS: Medical records of adults (> 15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between March 1995 and February 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer to "atypical" pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum with compatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinical response to anti-tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of respiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. RESULTS: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria, 246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171 (71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44 (18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococcal streptococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable : E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, and A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable), and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8 isolates). The rates of admission to the intensive care unit and of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3% respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but all seven isolates from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolates of K. pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. CONCLUSION: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test to "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which will be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Cefotaxime ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Coinfection ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Gentamicins ; Haemophilus ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Incidence ; Influenza, Human ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Mucormycosis ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycoplasma ; Penicillins ; Pneumonia* ; Prospective Studies ; Seoul ; Serologic Tests ; Sputum ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Tachypnea ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ventilation