No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

Lactobacillus salivarius JWS 58 (JWS 58) and Lactobacillus plantarum JWS 1354 (JWS 1354) are isolated from duck intestine and have ability to produce bacteriocin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of JWS 58 and JWS 1354. The nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) were measured in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages to determine immune enhancing effects of JWS 58 and JWS 1354. A Listeria (L.) monocytogenes challenge mice model was used to evaluate immune enhancement ability of JWS 58 and JWS 1354 in vivo. The results showed that JWS 58 and JWS 1354 increased the production of NO or cytokines by peritoneal macrophages and that oral administration of viable probiotic strains in mice elicited the immuno-modulatory effect upon L. monocytogenes challenge. JWS 1354 showed stronger immune enhancing effects than JWS 58. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Lactobacillus strain JWS 58 and JWS 1354 possess immune enhancing effect. Furthermore, two stains are expected to use feed supplement to prevent diseases by pathogenic bacteria through releasing bacteriocin and enhancing host immune responses in animal.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Coloring Agents ; Cytokines ; Ducks ; Intestines ; Lactobacillus ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; Listeria ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; Probiotics ; Sprains and Strains

OBJECTIVE: Although middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are less amenable to coil embolization, an increasing number of studies support favorable endovascular treatment for them. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of two different treatments (surgery versus coiling) and evaluate the benefits of surgical clipping for MCA aneurysms. METHODS: Here we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 178 ruptured and unruptured MCA aneurysms treated in patients between September 2008 and April 2012. Parameters assessing treatment outcomes include degree of aneurysm occlusion, presence of regrowth, clinical status, and complications. RESULTS: Among 178 MCA aneurysms, 153 were treated surgically. After a mean follow-up of 12 months, the surgery group showed a clinically significant complete occlusion rate (98%) compared with the coiling group (56%) (p<0.001). Follow-up radiologic evaluation showed a higher regrowth rate (four of 16 cases) in the coiling group than in the surgery group (one of 49 cases) (p=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in favorable clinical outcome rate between the two groups. The procedure-related permanent morbidity and mortality rates were 2% (three of 153 cases) in the surgery group and 0% (0 of 25 cases) in the coiling group. CONCLUSION: Compared to endovascular treatment, surgical neck clipping for both ruptured and unruptured MCA aneurysms results in a significantly higher complete obliteration rate and less regrowth. Therefore, even in this endovascular era, we still recommend surgical clipping as the primary treatment option for MCA aneurysms rather than coil embolization.
Aneurysm* ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Mortality ; Neck* ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Instruments

The aim of this study was to evaluate immunopotentiating activities of beta-glucan derived from Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae and to select new strains having possibility as an immune-enhancing substance. We examined SB20 strains derived from commercial product as a control, and extracted beta-glucans from the four strains of S. cerevisiae. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with heat-killed yeasts, beta-glucans, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were then quantified. When macrophages were induced directly by in vitro addition of beta-glucan, little production of NO and IL-1beta was observed. When pretreated with strong stimulants, i.e., LPS, most yeasts showed down-modulation of NO and IL-1beta production. However, TNF-alpha secretion was triggered by beta-glucans and even more increased by the mixture effect of LPS and beta-glucans. In particular, S6 strain induced TNF-alpha secretion more than other strains. Therefore, we can conclude that the S6 strain has possibility as an immune-enhancing substance.
beta-Glucans ; Cytokines ; Macrophages ; Nitric Oxide ; Saccharomyces ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sprains and Strains ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: Many methods have been proposed for the correction of sunken upper eyelids. These methods include surgical treatments, such as micro-fat, dermofat, or fascia-fat grafts, or the use of alloplastic materials. Here, we present our experience of sunken upper eyelid correction involving the simple addition of anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad during upper blepharoplasty. METHODS: We performed 74 cases of upper blepharoplasty with sunken upper eyelid correction between October 2013 and September 2014. The lateral portion of the central fat pad was partially dissected to facilitate anchoring. The medial fat pad was gently exposed and then pulled out to facilitate anchoring. After the rotation of the dissected lateral portion of the central fat pad by 180degrees to the medial side, it was anchored spreading to the medial fat pad. Photographs taken at 6 months postoperatively were presented to three physicians for objective assessment. Of the 74 patients, 54 patients followed at 6 months postoperatively were included in this retrospective, objective assessment. RESULTS: Sunken eyelids were effectively corrected in 51 of the 54 patients, but 3 had minimal effect because preaponeurotic fat pads had been removed during previous upper blepharoplasty. In addition to correcting sunken eyelids, lateral bulging was corrected and a better definition of the lateral portion of upper lid creases was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad provides an effective means of correcting sunken upper eyelids during upper blepharoplasty.
Adipose Tissue* ; Blepharoplasty* ; Esthetics ; Eyelids* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Facial laceration is the most common injury encountered in the emergency room in the plastic surgery field, and optimal treatment is important. However, few authors have investigated this injury in all age groups or performed follow-up visit after repair. In the present study, the medical records of patients with lacerations in the facial area and underwent primary repair in an emergency room over a 2-year period were reviewed and analyzed. METHODS: Medical records of 3,234 patients with lacerations in facial area and underwent primary repair in an emergency room between March 2011 and February 2013 were reviewed and identified. RESULTS: All the 3,234 patients were evaluated, whose ratio of men to women was 2.65 to 1. The forehead was the most common region affected and a slip down was the most common mechanism of injury. In terms of monthly distribution, May had the highest percentage. 1,566 patients received follow-up managements, and 58 patients experienced complications. The average days of follow-up were 9.8. CONCLUSIONS: Proportion of male adolescents was significantly higher than in the other groups. Facial lacerations exhibit a 'T-shaped' facial distribution centered about the forehead. Careful management is necessary if a laceration involves or is located in the oral cavity. We were unable to long term follow-up most patients. Thus, it is necessary to encourage patients and give them proper education for follow-up in enough period.
Adolescent ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Facial Injuries ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead ; Humans ; Lacerations* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mouth ; Surgery, Plastic

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

BACKGROUND: In recent years, thrombolytic therapy has been used with success to reduce the infarction area in patients with acute cerebral infarction, It is very important to identify ischemic penumbra in the treatment of stroke. The aim of this study is detect ischemic penumbra and border between ischemic penumbra and infarction area using perfusion CT and diffusion-weighted MR images (DW-MRI) in patient 's with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Thirteen inpatients with acute ischemic stroke at the Department of Neurology at Chonnam University Hospital were selected for this study. They had the discrepancy of lesion between perfusion CT and DW-MRI. Perfusion CT was done on admission and DW-MRI within 24 hours after stroke in all patients. Ischemic penumbra was assessed by comparing the defect on perfusion CT with the infarction area on DW-MRI. Clinical outcome was measured with the NIHSS on day 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS: The subjects (perfusion defect on the perfusion CT> infarction area on DW-MRI) achieved significant improvement at NIHSS. There was a significant difference between infarct and non-infarct tissue for both rCBF and rCBV but not for MTT. It could be possible not to define the tissue outcome but to estimate it by this study. CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion CT with DW-MRI is a useful tool for the detection of ischemic penumbra which may be the main target of active treatment.
Cerebral Infarction ; Humans ; Infarction ; Inpatients ; Jeollanam-do ; Neurology ; Perfusion* ; Stroke* ; Thrombolytic Therapy

BACKGROUND: The two most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to describe the detailed clinical behavior of BCC and SCC in the head and neck region over 19 years at a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for all patients with non-melanoma skin cancer who had undergone surgical resection over an 18-year period. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, tumor size, onset-to-diagnosis, anatomic location, clinical subtype, histologic differentiation, method of surgical treatment, and recurrence. RESULTS: The review identified 265 cases of either BCC or SCC in 226 patients. Of the 226 patients, 80 (35.4%) were men and 146 (64.6%) were women. BCC (n=138, 55.9%) was more frequent than SCC (109, 44.1%). The most frequent age group was 70-to-79 year olds (45 patients, 35.2%) for BCC and 80-to-89 year olds (41 patients, 41.8%) for SCC. By aesthetic units of the face, the most common location was the nasal unit (44 cases, 31.9%) for BCC and the buccal unit (23 cases, 21.1%) for SCC. The most common clinical subtype of BCC was the nodular type (80 cases, 58.0%). Local flaps were most commonly used to cover surgical defects (136 cases, 55.1%). Recurrent rates were 2.2% for BCC and 5.5% for SCC. CONCLUSION: In our study, many characteristics of BCC and SCC were compared to previously published reports were generally similar, except the ratio of BCC to SCC. Further study can help to establish the characteristics of BCC and SCC.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Female ; Head* ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Neck* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies* ; Skin Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The length of a patient's stay in a hospital is an indication of the patient's recovery rate. The length of the hospital stay has an important economic factor for hospitals. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of the nutritional status at the time of admission to mortality and the length of the hospital stay (LOHS). METHODS: The study subjects were 1,619 patients who suffered with cancer, were admitted to Kosin University Gospel Hospital during 2005 and they met the study criteria. The patients were classified to the not at risk group, the patients having one risk factor for malnutrition were the I group, the patients having two risk factors for malnutrition were the II group, the patients having three risk factors for malnutrition were the III group and the patients having 4 risk factors for malnutrition were the IV group, based on the established criteria of serum albumin <3.0 g/dl, a total lympocyte count of <1,500 cells/mm3, a cholesterol level of > or =240 mg/dl or < or =130 mg/dl, weight for height > or =120% or <90% ideal body weight. RESULTS: 24.3% of the patients were classified into the not at risk group, 37.6% were classified into the at risk group I, 24.2% were classified into the at risk group II, 10.3% were classified into the at risk group III and 3.6% were classified into the at risk group IV. The at risk group (at risk III, at risk IV) had a significantly higher prevalence of liver disease. The relationship between liver disease and low serum albu-min levels may have confounded the data. Although the estimated LOHS was similar in all the groups, the average length of stay was 14.4+/-16.38 days in the malnourished group (at risk group IV) compared to approximately 2.8 days in the not at risk group. The more nutritional risk factors the patients had, the longer was the LOHS and the mortality rates were higher. Correlation was not observed between the risk factors and the length of the hospital stay, as well as the lack of correlation with the mortality rate. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a patient's nutritional status upon admission has an effect on the length of the hospital stay for patients with carcinoma.
Cholesterol ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Length of Stay* ; Liver Diseases ; Malnutrition ; Mortality* ; Nutritional Status* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin