The main purpose of this study is to identify nursing needs of parents who have hospitalized child. Research design is a descriptive survey. The subjects for the study were 79 parents who have hospitalized child at a pediatric ward of one of the general hospital attached to a university in J city. The data was collected by researchers using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was Liken type 5 point scale, composed of 5 categories with 61 items. The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The results of the study were as follows : 1) Mean score of nursing needs of subjects were 3.93 at 2nd day of admission and 3.99 at 7th day of ad mission. 2) Among the categories, the highest nursing need at the 2nd day and 7th day of admission was 'direct nursing', in desending order, 'facilities and environment', 'education and counseling', 'nursing assessment'. The lowest nursing need was 'reference'. 3) Differences between the nursing needs of subjects at 2nd day and 7th day were as follows ; (1) By categories, there was a significant difference only in the 'reference' category(t=2.74, P=.008). (2) By items, there were significant differences in items of 'to check necessary materials(t=2.31, P=.024)', 'to understand family function and family relationship(t=2.12. P=.041), 'to set up study room(t=2.22, P=.030)', and 'to mediate parent's meeting group(t=3.89, P=.000)'. The above result indicated that nursing needs of parents with hospitalized child were above average, especially very high in items about disease process, and items directly associated with treatment and nursing care. So, nurses have to focus on information about the patient's state of disease, treatment, test and procedure, and in efficiently giving direct nursing care to implement more effective care for the hospitalized children and their parents. And some future research is needed to identify the difference of degree of nursing needs of parents with hospitalized child according to admission duration using a different sample and a longer sampling interval.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Missions and Missionaries ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Parents* ; Research Design ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: There have been a few reported cases of congenital great toenail dystrophy (GTND), described as a congenital malalignment of the great toenails. However, acquired GTDN is rare, and has not been documented extensively. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 21 patients with acquired GTND. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with acquired GTND who visited Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital between June 2005 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 43.1 years (range, 17 to 88 years), and the cohort predominantly comprised women (18/21). In our experience, all acquired GTND patients presented with yellow or yellow-brownish chromonychia, onychotrophy, and onycholysis. Conservative treatment with tape methods and grinding, as well as nail extraction, was provided and yielded little improvement in any case. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial data on the nail changes affecting the great toenail, such as yellowish chromonychia, onychomadesis, and onycholysis. These data may help physicians to distinguish various nail disorders, including onychomycosis, congenital malalignment of the great toenails, and yellow nail syndrome.
Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Nails* ; Onycholysis ; Onychomycosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Yellow Nail Syndrome

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare autosomal-recessive hereditary disorder characterized by the early onset of progressive movement alterations, including dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis, and mental deterioration. HSD is also associated with a variety of psychiatric symptoms, primarily depression and mental deterioration. However, psychosis has rarely been reported as a major symptom of HSD. We report two siblings who presented psychiatric symptoms as major clinical presentations, accompanied by ataxic and spastic gait, dysarthria, and typical neuroimaging findings of HSD. A 14-year-old girl presented complex motor tics, stereotypic behavior and anxiety symptoms. Her older brother, a 16-year-old boy, presented prominent auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions and social withdrawal symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms were improved after atypical antipsychotic treatment. HSD is a rare disease but should be carefully considered in the diagnosis of patients with both motor disorder and various psychiatric symptoms.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Delusions ; Depression ; Dysarthria ; Dystonia ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration ; Psychotic Disorders ; Rare Diseases ; Siblings ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Tics

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is defined as the appearance of intense skin reactive lesions and systemic symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. Most cases of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites reported thus far have been associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection or natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, we describe the case of an 18-year-old Korean boy who had hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. After a mosquito bite, the patient developed a progressive cutaneous nodule on his left lower leg and regional lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal area. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings suggested anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left T4 vertebrae, left external iliac lymph nodes, left inguinal lymph nodes, and lateral subcutaneous region of the left lower leg. According to the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as the imaging data, the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Consequently, the patient received a total of 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone chemotherapy at 3-week intervals, after which the lesions regressed.
Adolescent ; Culicidae* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Electrons ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Leg ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* ; Male ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Spine ; Vincristine

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of exposures to heavy metals with positive diagnosis for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). METHODS: Study participants included 27 children diagnosed with ADHD (9.9+/-2.9 years of age), 21 diagnosed with Tourette's disorder (10.7+/-2.2 years of age), and 45 normal control children (9.6+/-0.5 years of age). A Perkin-Elmer mass spectrometer was used to measure the concentrations of 5 heavy metals (Pb, Cd, U, Be, Hg) in hair samples obtained from each participant. Each heavy metal concentration was compared among the groups by use of a Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The levels of lead (p=.006) and cadmium (p=.037) observed in the hair of children diagnosed with ADHD were significantly higher than those found in the control subjects. There were no significant differences observed for heavy metal levels when comparing TS and control subjects. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that lead exposure is a risk factor for ADHD. We also identified that cadmium may be a new candidate risk factor for manifestation of ADHD. We did not find an association between heavy metals and manifestation of TS.
Cadmium ; Child ; Hair ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; Risk Factors ; Tourette Syndrome

Neuropathological deficits are an etiological factor in Tourette syndrome (TS), and implicate a network linking the basal ganglia and the cerebrum, not a particular single brain region. In this study, the volumes of 20 cerebral and cerebellar regions and their symmetries were measured in normal boys and TS boys by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Brain magnetic resonance images were obtained prospectively in 19 boys with TS and 17 age-matched normal control boys. Cerebral and cerebellar regions were segmented to gray and white fractions using algorithm for semi-automated fuzzy tissue segmentation. The frontal, parietal, temporal, and the occipital lobes and the cerebellum were defined using the semiautomated Talairach atlas-based parcellation method. Boys with TS had smaller total brain volumes than control subjects. In the gray matter, although the smaller brain volume was taken into account, TS boys had a smaller right frontal lobe and a larger left frontal lobe and increased normal asymmetry (left>right). In addition, TS boys had more frontal lobe white matter. There were no significant differences in regions of interest of the parietal, temporal, or the occipital lobes or the cerebellum. These findings suggest that boys with TS may have neuropathological abnormalities in the gray and the white matter of the frontal lobe.
Adolescent ; Analysis of Variance ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebellum/*pathology ; Child ; Frontal Lobe/*pathology ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Regression Analysis ; Tourette Syndrome/*pathology/physiopathology