The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in developed countries. Child obesity has become a major concern to health providers since it has grown to epidemic proportions over the past few decades. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical status, dietary habits and life styles according to the obesity degree among obese children residing in the Gyungbuk area. The subjects were 148 elementary school students (boy 103, girl 45) and classified as mildly obese (n = 56), moderately obese (n = 61) and severely obese (n = 31) by the obesity index. The average body weight and height increased significantly according to the obesity degree (P <0.05, P <0.001). Serum cholesterol concentration came under the normal level in all groups. Serum AST activity increased according to the obesity degree but it was not significant. Serum ALT activity increased according to the obesity degree (P <0.05). Dietary habit score was lower significantly according to the obesity degree (P <0.01). Life style of the subjects was significantly different for the level of 'healthy state (P <0.05)', 'body perception (P <0.01)', 'watching TV and video (P <0.05)', 'normal sleeping hour (P <0.05)' and 'degree of stress (P <0.05)' according to the obesity degree. A positive relationship between obesity index and blood pressure, ALT has been shown in the subjects. Obesity index and dietary habit scores were negatively associated. Therefore, these results suggest that a practical nutrition-exercise education program for the prevention of child obesity should be provided to elementary school children.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Developed Countries ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Porphyrins ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.
Analgesics ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Morphine* ; Mortality ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Ventilation ; Ventilator Weaning ; Weaning*

No abstract available.
Morphine* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Weaning*

PURPOSE: One of the problems using laser doppler flowmetry is variability in the measurements. The purposes of this study were to investigate the regional differences of vaginal blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry and to suggest a method to enhance the accuracy of measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In New Zealand White female rabbits(3.0~3.5 kg, n=10), vaginal blood flow was measured by laser doppler flowmetry using a surface probe. Flow was measured at the anterior, posterior, left, and right side of vaginal wall in each vaginal introitus and proximal 2 cm of the vaginal wall. Each site was measured 3 times separately. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Regional vaginal blood flows(ml/min/100 gm tissue) at the anterior, posterior, left, and right vaginal wall were 19.7+/-8.7, 19.6+/-7.3, 19.3+/-7.8, 18.8+/-7.2 at vaginal introitus and 27.3+/-8.8, 18.9+/-7.5, 22.6+/-7.1, 20.8+/-5.7 at the proximal 2 cm of vaginal introitus, respectively. Differences were not statistically significant(p> 0.05), as there was a wide range of variation. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal blood flow did not show any regional differences in the distal part of the rabbit vagina. Repeated measurements may decrease the variation of vaginal blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry.
Female ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry* ; New Zealand ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: The intracoronary stent implantation is accepted as the treatment modality to reduce restenosis in comparison with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. In recent studies, the technique of high pressure balloon dilation for stent optimization has been shown to improve procedural success and to reduce the subacute closure after stenting. The late clinical outcome, however, is still uncertain after stenting with high pressure balloon dilation. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of high pressure balloon dilation on subsequent clinical courses after intracoronary stenting. METHOD: One hundred sixty nine patients with 176 lesions were treated with Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation. Intracoronary stenting without high pressure balloon dilation was perforned in 55 patients with 55 lesions(phase 1), whereas intracoronary stenting with high pressure balloon dilation was done in 114 patients with 121 lesions(phase 2). We compared the angiographic and clinical results immediately and at late follow-up period after atenting between phase 1 and phase 2. RESULTS: Coronary angiography was repeated at 6 months in 135 patients, 138 lesions(78%). The overall incidence of restenosis was 25%(31% in phase 1 and 22% in phase 2). The restenosis occurred in 18% of elective stenting on de novo lesions(23% in phase 1 and 15% in phase 2). The restenosis rate was significantly reduced after using high pressure balloon dilation in infarct-related artery, final luminal diameter>/=4.0 mm after stenting and bail-out procedure(p<0.05). In phase 2, the restenosis rate was significantly higher in the lesions that had been previously dilated(43% in restenotic lesion vs 15% in de novo lesion, p<0.05) and in type C lesion compared with the others(type A, type B1, type B2 and type C ; 22%, 22%, 15% and 57%, respectively, p<0.05). According to the final luminal diameter, the restenosis rate was 7% in case of final luminal diameter greater than 4.0 mm which was significantly lower than that of final luminal diameter less than 3.5mm(p<0.05). At univariate anaysis, factors affecting restnosis were post-stent minimal luminal diameter, balloon-to-vessel ratio, acute gain and restenotic lesion. However multivariate analysis showed post-stent minimal luminal diameter was the only factor affecting restenosis. CONCLUSION: As intracoronary stenting using high pressure balloon dilation technique without anticoagulation has a good immediate results, negligible stent thrombosis and has a tendency of lower rate of restenosis.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arteries ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phenobarbital ; Stents* ; Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: A randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group study was performed to compare the effects of remifentanil and morphine as analgesic drugs on the duration of weaning time from mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A total of 96 patients with MV in 6 medical and surgical intensive care units were randomly assigned to either, remifentanil (0.1-0.2 mcg/kg/min, n = 49) or morphine (0.8-35 mg/hr, n = 47) from the weaning start. The weaning time was defined as the total ventilation time minus the sum of controlled mode duration. RESULTS: Compared with the morphine group, the remifentanil-based analgesic group showed a tendency of shorter weaning time (mean 143.9 hr, 89.7 hr, respectively: p = 0.069). Secondary outcomes such as total ventilation time, successful weaning rate at the 7th of MV day was similar in both groups. There was also no difference in the mortality rate at the 7th and 28th hospital day. Kaplan-Meyer curve for weaning was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil usage during the weaning phase tended to decrease weaning time compared with morphine usage.
Analgesics ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Morphine ; Mortality ; Respiration, Artificial ; Ventilation ; Ventilator Weaning ; Weaning

No abstract available.
Morphine ; Respiration, Artificial ; Weaning

Gastric plasmacytomas are very rare, and most are not detected until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. However, there have been recent reports of cases of early-stage gastric plasmacytoma, in which neoplastic cells are confined to the mucosa or submucosa. Here we report a case of a very early stage gastric plasmacytoma that was confined to the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. The lesion was successfully and completely removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection, and the surveillance endoscopy showed no recurrence during the follow-up of 40 months. This report appears to be the first documented case of complete endoscopic removal of a primary gastric plasmacytoma.
Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Plasmacytoma ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated whether colonic transit time (CTT) can predict the degree of bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation undergoing scheduled colonoscopy in order to assist in the development of better bowel preparation strategies for these patients. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 160 patients with chronic constipation from March 2007 to November 2012. We enrolled patients who had undergone a CTT test followed by colonoscopy. We defined patients with a CTT > or =30 hours as the slow transit time (STT) group, and patients with a CTT <30 hours as the normal transit time (NTT) group. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) scores were compared between the STT and NTT groups. RESULTS: Of 160 patients with chronic constipation, 82 (51%) were included in the STT group and 78 (49%) were included in the NTT group. Patients with a BBPS score of <6 were more prevalent in the STT group than in the NTT group (31.7% vs. 10.3%, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that slow CTT was an independent predictor of inadequate bowel preparation (odds ratio, 0.261; 95% confidence interval, 0.107-0.634; P=0.003). The best CTT cut-off value for predicting inadequate bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation was 37 hours, as determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under the ROC curve: 0.676, specificity: 0.735, sensitivity: 0.643). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic constipation and a CTT >30 hours were at risk for inadequate bowel preparation. CTT measured prior to colonoscopy could be useful for developing individualized strategies for bowel preparation in patients with slow CTT, as these patients are likely to have inadequate bowel preparation.
Colon* ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation* ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

In contrast to the idiopathic cause of intussusception in children, adult intussusception in most patients is associated with organic causes. The majority of these patients are brought to the operating room with the preoperative diagnosis of bowel obstruction, and the surgeon discovers an intussusception intraoperatively. But the increasing use of abdominal CT may improve the ability to diagnose intussusception. There is no universal agreement upon the correct treatment of adult intussusception, although most authors agree that surgical intervention is necessary. In the more recent reports, colonoscopic reduction of intussusception has been reported for selected patients. For patients in whom the involved ileum is extremely long, it is advisable to attempt an operative reduction or colonoscopic reduction selectively. Thus, we report here on two patients with benign and malignant lesion, respectively, that caused ileocolic intussusception; preoperative colonoscopic diagnosis and reduction were attempted for these patients, although the patients were not reduced by colonoscopic procedure.
Adult ; Adult Children ; Collodion ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intussusception ; Operating Rooms