PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR image in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesion in compression of the vertebral body. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 47 benign(acute traumatic within one month:19, chronic traumatic longer than one month or nontraumatic:28) and 21 metastatic compression fractures were respectively reviewed in terms of margin of lesions, signal intensity, paraspinal mass formation, soft tissue change, and involvement of posterior element of vertebra. MR images of TI-(T1WI) and T2*-weighted gradient echo (GE T2WI) sequences were obtained on 0.5T unit in sagittal and axial orientation with 5mm section thickness. RESULTS: The margin of benign compression fracture was usually indistinct (acute fracture:90% (17/19), chronic fracture:68% (19/28)), whereas it was sharply delineated in metastatic compression fracture (92%, (12/13) (p<0.001). Paraspinal mass was seen in both acute traumatic and metastatic compression fractures (acute fracture :26% (5/19), metastatic fracture: 52% (11/21). Soft tissue change was seen only in acute cornpression fractures (58%, 11/19). Involvement of posterior element of vertebra was noted in metastatic fracture (71%, 15/21), acute fracture (32%, 6/19) and chronic fracture (7%, 2/28) CONCLUSION: On MR imaging, involvement of entire portion of a given vertebral body, sharp margin between normal and abnormal areas in partially involved cases, paraspinal mass formation, and posterior element involvement are more frequently seen in metastatic compression fractures, which are considered to be useful in differentiation between benign and malignant causes of compression fracture.
Fractures, Compression* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare frequency and importance of nursing practice in novice nurses and student nurses. METHOD: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 292 novice nurses in 2 hospitals with 500 beds and 214 student nurses from 4 universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 1) The total score for frequency of nursing practice was 2.58+/-0.41 and for the importance of nursing practice was 3.03+/-0.36 in novice nurses and in student nurses the frequency score was 2.66+/-0.69 and the total score for importance was 3.24+/-0.35. 2) The total score for frequency was not different between novice and student nurses, but 9 of the top 10 categories in order of frequency were significantly different. 3) The score for importance between novice nurses and student nurses was significantly different with the student nurses having higher scores than the novice nurses. 4) Frequency scores were not different for students in universities compared to students in community colleges. CONCLUSION: Novice nurses perform skills associated with medication, but student nurses do not and therefore do not recognize the importance of these skills. Education in nursing needs to identify strategies to strengthen practice in this vulnerable area.
Humans

An aneurysm of the innominate artery could compress the tracheal lumen, and this requires special care. Intubation without intensive monitoring and antihypertensive agents could aggravate the hypercapnia and completely rupture the aneurysm. There are few reports on the airway management of tracheal compression that's caused by an innominate artery aneurysm. We report here on a patient who had a severe hypercapnia after endotracheal intubation above the stenotic area of the tracheal compression, which was caused by an artery aneurysm. Permissive hypercapnia was inadvertently enforced without our knowledge, but the patient recovered without any neurologic problems.
Airway Management ; Aneurysm ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Arteries ; Brachiocephalic Trunk ; Humans ; Hypercapnia ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Rupture

PURPOSE: To review abdominal ultrasonography in Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis(YP) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1993 through June 1994, abdominal ultrasonograms were reviewed in 36 patients with YP infection. The age of patients was from 4 to 14 years. A diagnosis of YP infection was made on the basis ofisolation of YP from stool (n=15/36, 41.7%) and by documenting at least a minimum agglutination antibody titer of1:160 or greater (n=34/36, 94.4%). RESULTS: Abdominal US findings were identifed in 33/36 (91.7%) of patients with YP infection. US abnormalities included right lower quadrant abdominal lymphadenopathy in 28/36 (77.8%) of cases ;increased bilateral renal cortical echogenecity with renal enlargement, 11/36 (30/6%) of cases ;hepatosplenomegaly, 6/36 (16.7%) of cases ; bowel wall thickening in termnal ileum and cecum, 4/36 (11/1%) of cases ; and ascites, 2/36 (5.5%) of cases. Three patients revealed no abdominal sonographic finding. CONCLUSION: We conclude that abdominal US can help in the diagnosis of YP infection when US demonstrates multiple right lower quadrant abdominal lymphadenopathy, increased renal cortical echogenecity with renal enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal wall thickening or ascites.
Agglutination ; Ascites ; Cecum ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ileum ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Ultrasonography ; Yersinia

Mushrooms collected from Deogyu mountain, Korea, in 2011, were identified as four classes, four orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 33 species. In particular, agaricales was most abundant and comprised more than 70%. Their antioxidant activities were estimated using three different bioassay methods, the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. As a result, the methanol extracts of Stereum ostrea, Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus, and Tyromyces sambuceus exhibited potent antioxidant activity in all bioassays tested.
Agaricales ; Biological Assay ; Biphenyl Compounds ; Humans ; Korea ; Methanol ; Ostrea ; Picrates

In Korea, the study about the normal depth of insertion of dauble lumen tubes bas not been reported yet. So we studied 50 adult patients(30 males and 20 females) undergoing thoracic surgery under one lung ventilation. Endotracheal intubation was done with the disposable polyvinylchloride Robertshaw-type double lumen endobronchial tube. The exact position of a left-sided double lumen endobronchial tube was confirmed by passing a fiberoptic bronchoscope through the tracheal lumen of the double lumen, The depth was measured when we had a view of a clear straight-ahead view of the tracheal carina, the right lumen going off to the right, and the upper surface of the blue left endobronchial balloon just below the tracheal carina, The resullts were as follows; 1) In the male patients, the average depth of the tube was 30.7+/-1.4cm and this measure- ments were related with height but not the weight and age. 2) In the female patients the average depth of the tube was 28,3+/-l.2cm and this measurements were unrelated with height, age and weight. 3) Among the male and female patients the average depth of the tube was 30.0+/-1.8cm and this measurements were related with a height but not with weight and age.
Adult ; Bronchoscopes* ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea ; Male ; One-Lung Ventilation ; Thoracic Surgery

Schwannoma (neurilemoma) is a benign nerve tumor derived from the nerve sheath. The most common locations are the flexor surfaces of the extremities, and the head and the neck. Schwannoma of the breast is unusual. To our knowledge, few studies have reported the radiologic appearance of schwannoma in the breast and there has been only one report from Korea (1-3). This tumor can be clinically and radiologically considered to be fibroadenoma, which is a common benign tumor of the breast. We describe the mammographic and sonographic findings of a case of schwannoma in the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Extremities ; Fibroadenoma ; Head ; Korea ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: In order to find out how frequently and what kind of extra-cardiac anomalies (CAs) is associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) in general and in each CAs, autopsies with congenital cardiovascular malformations were studied. METHODS: Autopsy files of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1991 to 1995 were reviewed to find cases of CHDs. Other extra-CAs were tabulated from the records of autopsy files. The study population was comprised of 156 cases (86 still birth or product of terminated pregnancy; 66 livebirth; 4 unknowns-whether still birth or livebirth). RESULTS: The sex ratio was 1.14:1 males to females. In still birth cases, gestational age ranged from 16 to 42 weeeks and in live birth cases, age ranged from 1 day to 1 year 7 months (mostly neonates). The ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common CA, followed by coarctation of aorta, tetralogy of Follot in this order of frequency. No extra-CA was found in 55 cases, 1 extra-CA in 54 cases, 2 extra-CAs in 35 cases, 3 or more extra-CAs in 12 cases. VSD was commonly associated with Edward syndrome and holoprosencephaly, tetralogy of Fallot with holoprosencephaly, and coarctation with cystic hygroma. The most commonly involved organ system was the central nervous system followed by the digestive system, facial anomaly, and so on. Chromosomal anomaly associated with CHDs was 24 cases. Common individual anomalies were cystic hygroma, Edward syndrome, holoprosencephaly, and so on. CONCLUSION: As the fetus and infants with CHD have high incidence of associated extra-CAs, collaborative works involving dysmorphologist, geneticist, pathologist, surgeons, and pediatric cardiologist are needed. For further studies of CA and extra-CAs, a systematic database andprecise medical records and interdepartmental collaboration are necessary.
Aortic Coarctation ; Autopsy* ; Central Nervous System ; Cooperative Behavior ; Digestive System ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Holoprosencephaly ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Live Birth ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Male ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Tetralogy of Fallot

PURPOSE: Myocardial scintigraphy has been reported to be useful in adults, but its usefulness in children is limited. This study was done to determine the feasibility and accuracy of 99mTc-MIBI SPECT(sestamibi , methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrarite myocardial single emirs sion computed tomography, Dp-SPECT) after dipyridamole infusion to detect coronary obstructive lesions in Kawasaki disease(KD). METHODS: Dp-SPECT was performed in 21 control(group 1), 8 with coronary aneurysm(group 2) and 16 with coronary obstructive lesion(group 3) in children with KD. The spatial distribution of Dp-SPECT was determined and analyzed visually. Group 2 and 3 underwent coronary angiogram within 3 months of Dp-SPECT. RESULTS: Chest pain occurred more frequently in group 2. No subject required supplemental oxygen or were complicated by myocardial ischemia. The specificity of Dp-SPECT for control subject was 95% & 62% if using a cut-off criterion of abnormality, utilizing moderate or mild perfusion defect, respectively. The false positive rate was high in anterior, apical and anteroseptal segments but not related to age. The abnormalities found on Dp-SPECT was observed in 25% of aneurysmal coronary arteries but not related to its size. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Dp-SPECT was 100%, 84.5% and 79% in coronary stenosis greater than 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of Dp-SPECT should be careful in KD because of discrepancies between Dp-SPECT & angiography, But DP-SPECT is noninvasive and easily applicable. It monitors the occurrence and progression of coronary stenosis due to KD. Besides Dp-SPECT may be applicable after arterial switch operation or to myocardial sinusoid.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels ; Dipyridamole ; Humans ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Oxygen ; Perfusion* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

This paper describes a student-centered case study program concerning the tumor pathology course for first year students in medical school under the traditional curricular structure. A traditional, discipline-oriented, lecture-laboratory approach was partly modified by introducing a tutuorial session using a modified case matrix format during the laboratory hours without altering the general scheme of the existing system. Small group tutorial sessions were set with the development of learning objectives emphasizing clinicopathologic reasoning and early exposure to future practical presentation which was followed by the large class session; each tutorial was supplied with a short clinical history, gross kodachrome slides, and microslides. The session for problem identification was replaced by proving a series of instructor-designed questions for both pathology and interdisciplinary correlation during which pedagogical implication was stressed the most. Student's active participation, development of self learning skill and vigorous teaching-learning process among students, and motivation/relevance for forthcoming pathology study were among the benefits conferred by this modification. We conclude that this approach is an interim step to meet the advantages of problem-based learning even in a traditional curricular structure.