Lingual dystonia is a rare type of dystonia, the main symptom of which varies from intermittent to sustained tongue fixation. Several studies have suggested that the cerebellum may be implicated in dystonia. There are several treatment options available for dystonia, including medication, botulinum toxin injection, and surgical intervention. We chose to inject botulinum toxin into the styloglossus muscle, and the symptoms of the lingual dystonia were improved. We report a case of lingual dystonia following a bilateral cerebellar stroke that responded to treatment with botulinum toxin.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cerebellum ; Dystonia ; Infarction ; Stroke ; Tongue

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized by asymmetric dystonia, and myoclonus accompanied by higher cortical features including apraxia, alien limb phenomena, cortical sensory loss. Here, we report treatment course of 3 CBS patients. Asymmetric dystonia was seen in the first and second cases, a cortical sensory loss was seen in the third case and left lower limb apraxia was common in all cases. In the first and second cases, we performed an alcohol block on the obturator nerve and injected botulinum toxin into the lower leg to reduce dystonia. In the third case, patient was treated with a robotic assisted gait training, whole body therapeutic pool and gait training with laser pointer visual cueing. After appropriate treatment for patients, all 3 cases showed improvement in gait.
Apraxias ; Botulinum Toxins ; Cues ; Dystonia ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Extremities ; Gait Apraxia ; Gait* ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Myoclonus ; Nerve Block ; Neurological Rehabilitation ; Obturator Nerve ; Rehabilitation*

Orofacial dyskinesia is a condition caused by various diseases in which the tongue, lips, or jaws move involuntarily. Up to now, the exact mechanism for these degenerative changes in the brain remains unknown. Among various hypotheses, the most widely accepted hypothesis is that orofacial dyskinesia is caused by supersensitivity of the dopamine receptors. As a result, metoclopramide, a dopaminergic receptor blocking agent has been chosen as a treatment agent for our study. We used metoclopramide in seven stroke patients who displayed symptoms of orofacial dyskinesia following brain damage and observed an improvement in the symptoms from all patients. This case report represented new therapeutic methods and will aid in the treatment of orofacial dyskinesia.
Brain ; Dopamine ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Jaw ; Lip ; Metoclopramide* ; Movement Disorders* ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Stroke* ; Tongue

Piriformis muscle syndrome is a condition that causes direct muscle pain around piriformis muscle or sciatica from irritated sciatic nerve and the diagnosis remains debatable. The main treatment is symptomatic relief from conservative therapy such as medication and piriformis stretching exercise, and various therapeutic injections including local anesthetic, corticosteroid, botulinum toxin can be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this case, a 54-year-old male who had sciatica and gait disturbance showed piriformis muscle hypertrophy in the pelvis MRI. From imaging studies, electrodiagnostic study and physical examination, he was diagnosed with piriformis muscle syndrome. He underwent trigger point injection and botulinum toxin injection into the piriformis muscle, and pain and gait disturbance significantly improved. This case reports a case of piriformis muscle syndrome with clinical symptom of gait disturbance, which was improved by botulinum toxin injection.

Piriformis muscle syndrome is a condition that causes direct muscle pain around piriformis muscle or sciatica from irritated sciatic nerve and the diagnosis remains debatable. The main treatment is symptomatic relief from conservative therapy such as medication and piriformis stretching exercise, and various therapeutic injections including local anesthetic, corticosteroid, botulinum toxin can be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this case, a 54-year-old male who had sciatica and gait disturbance showed piriformis muscle hypertrophy in the pelvis MRI. From imaging studies, electrodiagnostic study and physical examination, he was diagnosed with piriformis muscle syndrome. He underwent trigger point injection and botulinum toxin injection into the piriformis muscle, and pain and gait disturbance significantly improved. This case reports a case of piriformis muscle syndrome with clinical symptom of gait disturbance, which was improved by botulinum toxin injection.