Foreign body accidents in the air and food passages are common problem encountered in the ENT field. Especially the foreign body accidents in the air passage in the children are serious and urgent. They are influenced by mode of living, customs, habits and environment1). We have clinico-statistically analysed 83 cases removal of foreign bodies in air and food passages under general anesthesia from January 1979 to March 1991 in Korea Univer- sity Hospital. The results are as follows: 1) Of the total 83 cases,64 cases(77.1%) were in food passage and 19 cases(22.9%) were in air passage. 2) Peanuts and beans were the most common intruders of air passage(79%). In the food passage coins enjoyed the greatest popularity(31.3%) and bones, Badook stones, and meats follow in order of frequency. 3) In the age distribution, 42.1% of foreign bodies in food passage and 78.9% of foreign bodies in air passage were under 5 years. 4) Of the total numbers of foreign body cases, 61.4% of the patients were male and 38.6 % were female. 5) In duration of lodgement, 44 cases(68.8) of foreign bodies in food passage and 6 cases(31.6%) in air passage were removed within 24 hours. 6) In food passage, 56 cases(87.5%) of all were diagnosed initially by chest P-A but 9 cases(47%) were diagnosed initially in air passage.
Age Distribution ; Anesthesia, General* ; Arachis ; Child ; Esophagus ; Fabaceae ; Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Meat ; Numismatics ; Thorax ; Trachea

Post-thoracotomy pain is so severe that may lead to postoperative complications, such as sputum retention, atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory failure. These complications are associated with shallow breathing and inability to cough due to pain. To reduce postoperative pulmonary complications and improve respiratory mechanics, effective pain relief is essential. Among the many methods, epidural administrations of narcotics or local anesthetics have been shown to provide profound relief of postoperative pain. Forty-five patients undergoing thoracotomy were randomized into three groups based on a postoperative pain regimen as indi-cated: Group I; intermittent intramusculal injections of nalbuphine 0.2mg/kg for pain control(n= 15) Group II; intermittent epidural injections of mixtures of 0.2% bupivacaine and fentanyl 3 ug/ ml (n=15) Group III: continuous epidural infusion of mixtures of 0.2% bupivacaine and fentanyl 3 ug/ml at a rate of 4-5 ml/hr with supplementation on pain complaint. We evaluated postoperative pain score at 30 minutes, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 32 hours, 40 hours, and 48 hours after thoracotomy. And we observed the duration of analgesia and the incidence of systemic side effects of three methods. The results were as follows; 1) The pain score was significantly decreased in group III compared to group I and II<0. 05). 2) The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group III compared to group I and II(p<0.05). 3) the number of case of systemie side effects in group I was one case of nausea and vomiting, in group II, two cases of mild hypotension, and one case of nausea and vomiting, pruritus, headache, and urinary retention each respectively and in group III, one case of ruinary retention.
Analgesia* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Cough ; Fentanyl* ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural ; Nalbuphine ; Narcotics ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Pruritus ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Sputum ; Thoracotomy* ; Urinary Retention ; Vomiting

Coronary artery fistulae are usually identified during invasive coronary angiographies. However, in this case, we made the early detection of coronary artery fistulae during non-invasive transthoracic echocardiography, by demonstrating diastolic multiple abnormal color Doppler flows on the entire left ventricular walls including left ventricular free wall, interventricular septum and apex, which were mimicking firecracker on the whole left ventricle. Fistulous communication from the coronary artery to the left ventricle is rare. Moreover, a case of multiple coronary fistulae emptying into the left ventricle through the entire left ventricular walls including left ventricular free wall, interventricular septum and apex is uncommon. We report a case of a 31-year-old woman who was diagnosed with multiple fistula communicating with entire left ventricular wall.
Adult ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fistula ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated whether colonic transit time (CTT) can predict the degree of bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation undergoing scheduled colonoscopy in order to assist in the development of better bowel preparation strategies for these patients. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 160 patients with chronic constipation from March 2007 to November 2012. We enrolled patients who had undergone a CTT test followed by colonoscopy. We defined patients with a CTT > or =30 hours as the slow transit time (STT) group, and patients with a CTT <30 hours as the normal transit time (NTT) group. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) scores were compared between the STT and NTT groups. RESULTS: Of 160 patients with chronic constipation, 82 (51%) were included in the STT group and 78 (49%) were included in the NTT group. Patients with a BBPS score of <6 were more prevalent in the STT group than in the NTT group (31.7% vs. 10.3%, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that slow CTT was an independent predictor of inadequate bowel preparation (odds ratio, 0.261; 95% confidence interval, 0.107-0.634; P=0.003). The best CTT cut-off value for predicting inadequate bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation was 37 hours, as determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under the ROC curve: 0.676, specificity: 0.735, sensitivity: 0.643). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic constipation and a CTT >30 hours were at risk for inadequate bowel preparation. CTT measured prior to colonoscopy could be useful for developing individualized strategies for bowel preparation in patients with slow CTT, as these patients are likely to have inadequate bowel preparation.
Colon* ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation* ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Salmonella usually invades the Peyer's patch of the terminal ileum or ascending colon. A 55-year old female was referred to our hospital for general weakness and sustained fever. On the abdominal contrast computed tomography (CT) scan, we found symmetric circular hypertrophy of the intestinal wall and multiple hypertrophied lymph nodes in the terminal ileum. The positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed skipped areas of wall thickening and intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the terminal ileum and the ileocecal valve with adjacent lymphadenopathies. On the colonoscopy, multiple mass forming variable-sized ulcers on the terminal ileum were found, so a biopsy specimen and the colonic luminal fluid were obtained, and we made a diagnosis of lymphoma. However, the blood and colonic luminal fluid culture for Salmonella paratyphi-A was reported as positive, and therefore we corrected the diagnosis to Salmonella infection. We report here on a case of Salmonella infection in the terminal ileum, which looked like malignant lymphoma on the baseline radiologic image studies, including the CT and PET-CT.
Biopsy ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ileocecal Valve ; Ileum ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Phenobarbital ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results from arthroscopic repair versus debridement for full-thickness tears of the upper subscapularis tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-nine patient outcomes were evaluated and compared prospectively. Sixty-nine patients with full-thickness tears of the upper subscapularis tendon underwent arthroscopic repair (group I) and thirty patients underwent simple debridement (group II) between May 2003 and October 2007. In all patients, the tear was localized to the superior one third of the upper subscapularis tendon. The results of the treatment were assessed by evaluating the UCLA, ASES, and VAS for pain and internal rotation strength scores before and after the operation. RESULTS: In groups I and II, UCLA, ASES, VAS, and internal rotation muscle power (perfect score = 5) scores were improved after surgery. In comparing group I and group II, the UCLA and VAS scores were not significantly different (p>0.05), while the ASES and internal rotation strength scores were significantly different (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic repair of full-thickness tears of the upper subscapularis tendon was a better surgical method than simple debridement.
Debridement ; Humans ; Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Tendons

An intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is an uncommon tumor characterized by the production of mucin in the pancreatic duct that occasionally involves the formation of fistulas with surrounding organs, including the stomach, duodenum and common bile duct. The mechanism underlying the formation of such fistulas is direct invasion by a tumor or a combination of high pressure in the main pancreatic duct and inflammatory stimulation. A 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to the presence of a gastric ulcer detected on screening gastroscopy. Endoscopic findings showed the presence of a whitish thick mucin coated ulcerative lesion that appeared as a perforation or fistula opening. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated the presence of an IPMN of the pancreas and multiple fistula formation with the neighboring organs. An endoscopic biopsy was carried out to obtain pancreatic tumor tissue through the pancreatogastric fistula and the mass was confirmed as a mucinous adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an IPMN associated with a pancreatojejunal fistula and duodenal ulcer bleeding due to fistula formation.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Common Bile Duct ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenum ; Fistula ; Gastroscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mucins ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

Gastric plasmacytomas are very rare, and most are not detected until the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. However, there have been recent reports of cases of early-stage gastric plasmacytoma, in which neoplastic cells are confined to the mucosa or submucosa. Here we report a case of a very early stage gastric plasmacytoma that was confined to the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. The lesion was successfully and completely removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection, and the surveillance endoscopy showed no recurrence during the follow-up of 40 months. This report appears to be the first documented case of complete endoscopic removal of a primary gastric plasmacytoma.
Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Mucous Membrane ; Plasmacytoma ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantaan virus is an endemic febrile disease in Korea. Although inactivated Hantaan virus vaccine has been introduced, the effect of vaccination is not clear. We evaluated the effect of vaccination on the incidence rate and clinical features of HFRS based on our clinical experience. METHODS: Group I consisted of the patients with confirmed HFRS from a total of 131 patients who were seropositive for Hantaan virus at one tertiary teaching hospital from January 2002 to December 2006. Group II contained 100 patients treated as HFRS at the same hospital from January 1986 to December 1990, before the introduction of the vaccine. Then, we compared the clinical features of the two groups. We confirmed whether the patients had been vaccinated by reviewing their medical records and from telephone interviews. RESULTS: Only 16 (12.2%) of the 131 patients who were seropositive for Hantaan virus were confirmed to have overt HFRS during the most recent 5 years. The incidence of overt HFRS was significantly lower in vaccinees (5%, 3 of 56) than in non-vaccinees (20%, 10 of 50) (p=0.025). The prevalence of renal failure (62.5 vs. 95%, p<0.001) and oliguria (6.25 vs. 46%, p=0.002) was significantly lower in group I than in group II. Three patients were treated with dialysis and none died in group I, versus 17 and 8, respectively, in group II. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that Hantaan virus vaccine has helped to reduce the amount of serious illness and the occurrence of HFRS.
Dialysis ; Hantaan virus ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Oliguria ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency ; Telephone ; Vaccination

In contrast to the idiopathic cause of intussusception in children, adult intussusception in most patients is associated with organic causes. The majority of these patients are brought to the operating room with the preoperative diagnosis of bowel obstruction, and the surgeon discovers an intussusception intraoperatively. But the increasing use of abdominal CT may improve the ability to diagnose intussusception. There is no universal agreement upon the correct treatment of adult intussusception, although most authors agree that surgical intervention is necessary. In the more recent reports, colonoscopic reduction of intussusception has been reported for selected patients. For patients in whom the involved ileum is extremely long, it is advisable to attempt an operative reduction or colonoscopic reduction selectively. Thus, we report here on two patients with benign and malignant lesion, respectively, that caused ileocolic intussusception; preoperative colonoscopic diagnosis and reduction were attempted for these patients, although the patients were not reduced by colonoscopic procedure.
Adult ; Adult Children ; Collodion ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Ileum ; Intussusception ; Operating Rooms