The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of school food service dietitians' work value, job satisfaction, and turnover intention based on their expectation to be a nutrition teacher. Also, this study explored the differences in expectation to be a nutrition teacher, work value, job satisfaction, turnover intention depending on demographics and school foodservice operational characteristics. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu, Gyeoungbuk Province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (59.3%). Dietitians expressed favorable work value (3.88+/-0.34) and mid level of a job satisfaction (2.99+/-0.64). The percentage of dietitians who had an intention to leave after the promulgation of a nutrition teacher system (13.2%) was lower than that of dietitians who had an intention to leave prior to it (23.2%). Most dietitians expected a salary rise (84.7%), more chance to teach nutrition education (76.0%), and the improvement of power not only as a teacher but as a dietitian (72.7%). Dietitians who had higher expectation levels to be a nutrition teacher (>3 on the 5 point Likert scale) showed a higher tendency of significant turnover intention (F=4.40, p<0.01) and more confident work value (F=15.292, p<0.001) when comparing those who had lower expectations. There were significant differences in work value, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and expectation to be a nutrition teacher depending on career length and employment status of dietitians. This study revealed that school food service dietitians have favorable expectations to be nutrition teachers with high work value.
Daegu ; Demography ; Education ; Employment ; Food Services ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nutritionists ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Athletes* ; Back Muscles ; Bone Density* ; Exercise* ; Female* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Radius ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND: It is widely acepted that muscle strength and bone mineral density have a significant positive correlation and most previous literature focus on the association between specific muscle groups and adjacent bones. This study examined the association of grip strength with bone density at distant sites, such as spine and femur area in peri- and postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study subjects were 30 perimenopausal and 108 post menopausal women aged 40 years older. Bone mineral density was measured in both the dominant and nondominant hands using a dynamometer. Other data was gathered from the questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant negative correlations were noted between spinal and femoral bone mineral density and age and post menopausal duration, and significant positive correlations were fiund between spinal and femoral bone mineral density and body wweight, height, body mass index and both grip strength. Those who exercised had significantly higher spinal bone mineral density than those who did not and smokers had significantly lower spinal bone density than nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in bone mineral density by estrogen and calcium use. The multiple regression analysis examined the associatrion of grip strength in the dominant hand to a bone mineral density after adjustment for the confounding covariates. CONCLUSION: Weak grip strength in the dominant hand is a marker for lower bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women. Grip strength can be a useful index of osteoporosis.
Adult ; Body Height ; Bone Density* ; Calcium ; Estrogens ; Female ; Femur ; Hand ; Hand Strength* ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Osteoporosis ; Spine ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We report a case of a 45-year-old man with a complaint of both leg weakness and hypoesthesia. Radiological evaluation revealed an osteolytic lesion of the ninth thoracic vertebra. The patient underwent posterior corpectomy with total excision of the tumor, mesh cage insertion with posterior screw fixation and subsequent radiotherapy. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). This case report presents the diagnostic work-up, histopathological evaluation, and the treatment procedures of rare LCH in the thoracic spine.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Leg ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy ; Spine*

PURPOSE: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are cephalosporinases that confer resistance to a wide variety of oxyimino cephalosporins and create serious therapeutic problems. In addition, the quinolone resistance qnr genes are becoming increasingly prevalent in clinical isolates, some of which also produce ESBL. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and genotypic distribution of ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) as well as the prevalence and distribution of qnr genes in ESBL-producing isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We tested a total of 111 ESBL-producing isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which were collected at Kyung Hee Medical Center from November 2006 to June 2008. ESBL production was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ESBL confirmatory test. The cefotaxime and ceftazidime resistance of the ESBL-producers were transferred to azide-resistant E. coli J53 by conjugation. The presence and identity of ESBL and qnr genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS: The prevalence of ESBLs was 17.7% (297/1,680) of E. coli and 26.5% (240/904) of K. pneumoniae in our hospital during the study periods. Of the 111 collected isolates, 69 isolates were E. coli and 42 isolates were K. pneumoniae. The most prevalent ESBL genotype was CTX-M15. Among the ESBL-producing isolates, 4 E. coli (5.8%) and 17 K. pneumoniae (40.5%) contained qnr genes. qnrB4 was the most frequent type in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: CTX-M15 was the most frequently encountered ESBL. In addition, a high prevalence of qnr genes among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was identified in this study.
Azides/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Cefotaxime/pharmacology ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*microbiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Klebsiella Infections/*microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/*enzymology ; Korea ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; beta-Lactamases/*metabolism

The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education website for children, especially those around the 4th-6th grade levels. Among the already existing websites providing nutritional information for children, 7 websites with comparable amounts of information were evaluated in terms of their topics, credibility, content, ease of use, and aesthetics. In addition, a survey was conducted to assess the need for nutrition information among 305 elementary students. The food pyramid was the topic offered most often on those websites. Information on nutrients, digestion, food safety, nutrition labeling, and healthy eating habits were available on the websites. Some of those websites also provided games or quizzes to attract the children's interest. However, seine of the websites did not give any information on the person responsible for providing the information, which is most important in determining the credibility of the website. Other problems were that some information was too difficult for children, and some of the websites did not provide a way to search for information. According to the survey results, the topics that children wanted to know about were 'desirable weight', 'cooking', 'correct food choice', 'weight control method', 'calories consumed during exercise' but, they did not have a high interest in 'asking questions', 'books with nutrition messages', 'under weight', 'negative effect of weight control' and 'helping hungry children'. Based on these results, we developed a new nutrition education web-site, ifood' (http://ifood.or.kr). We focused on helping children develop healthy eating habits by providing information which is easy and practical for children. However, we neither included the program to assess their dietary intake, nor provided entertaining background sounds, which children like. Also, the game section is composed mainly of quizzes. Therefore, we need to further develop exciting games to teach nutrition to children. In the near future, the newly developed website should be evaluated by children regarding understandability and coverage of the contents as well as usability and design, and then revised to improve the educational effect.
Child* ; Digestion ; Eating ; Education* ; Esthetics ; Food Labeling ; Food Safety ; Humans ; Internet

BACKGROUND: There have been a few reported cases of congenital great toenail dystrophy (GTND), described as a congenital malalignment of the great toenails. However, acquired GTDN is rare, and has not been documented extensively. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 21 patients with acquired GTND. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with acquired GTND who visited Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital between June 2005 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 43.1 years (range, 17 to 88 years), and the cohort predominantly comprised women (18/21). In our experience, all acquired GTND patients presented with yellow or yellow-brownish chromonychia, onychotrophy, and onycholysis. Conservative treatment with tape methods and grinding, as well as nail extraction, was provided and yielded little improvement in any case. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial data on the nail changes affecting the great toenail, such as yellowish chromonychia, onychomadesis, and onycholysis. These data may help physicians to distinguish various nail disorders, including onychomycosis, congenital malalignment of the great toenails, and yellow nail syndrome.
Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Nails* ; Onycholysis ; Onychomycosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Yellow Nail Syndrome

Syphilitic aortitis, passing out of our mind, is the most common systemic manifestation of late syphilis and is more typically manifestated 10 to 30 years afterward. This diagnosis has been made less frequently in recent decades than in the past, because of public awareness of syphilis and screening program. Treponema pallidum lodge within vasa vasorum, especially ascending aorta cause the histologic changes, which are responsible for the three major forms of symptomatic cardiovascular syphilis, including aortic insufficiency, coronary ostial stenosis, and aortic aneurysm. We experienced a case of syphilitic aortitis with aortic insufficiency and aortic aneurysm in a 48-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea. Echocardiography, chest CT, and later surgical correction were performed and surgical specimen revealed the histologic finding consistent with syphilitic aortitis. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm* ; Aortitis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Syphilis ; Syphilis, Cardiovascular* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treponema pallidum ; Vasa Vasorum

Studies on the effect of drinking and exercise on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are lacking despite the high prevalence of the disease and the high drinking rate among Korean men. This study sought to elucidate the association of MetS with alcohol consumption and physical activity. Data on male drinkers aged 19 to 65 years were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009. Participants were divided into mild to moderate and heavy drinkers according to daily alcohol consumption. By the intensity of physical activity expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs), participants were categorized into inactive, moderate active, and health enhancing groups. Logistic regression models were used for analyses. Prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in heavy drinkers compared to mild to moderate drinkers. In heavy drinkers, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly less frequent while the remaining four components were more frequent. Compared to inactive group, health promoting group showed a 35% decrease in MetS after adjusting for confounding factors. Higher physical activity level was associated with less low HDL and high triglyceride (TG) in mild to moderate drinkers and smaller waist in heavy drinkers. In Korean men, higher level of physical activity was associated with less low HDL and high TG, and physical activity achieving more than 3,000 MET.min/wk decreased the risk for MetS. Higher physical activity level was also associated with less large waist circumference in heavy drinkers, while there was no significant association with development of MetS.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Drinking ; Humans ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metabolic Equivalent ; Motor Activity* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare autosomal-recessive hereditary disorder characterized by the early onset of progressive movement alterations, including dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis, and mental deterioration. HSD is also associated with a variety of psychiatric symptoms, primarily depression and mental deterioration. However, psychosis has rarely been reported as a major symptom of HSD. We report two siblings who presented psychiatric symptoms as major clinical presentations, accompanied by ataxic and spastic gait, dysarthria, and typical neuroimaging findings of HSD. A 14-year-old girl presented complex motor tics, stereotypic behavior and anxiety symptoms. Her older brother, a 16-year-old boy, presented prominent auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions and social withdrawal symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms were improved after atypical antipsychotic treatment. HSD is a rare disease but should be carefully considered in the diagnosis of patients with both motor disorder and various psychiatric symptoms.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Delusions ; Depression ; Dysarthria ; Dystonia ; Gait Disorders, Neurologic ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration ; Psychotic Disorders ; Rare Diseases ; Siblings ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Tics