No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics or the potassium channels existing in the rat urinary bladders. Smooth muscle strips of rat detrusor urinae were examined by isometric myography. Relaxation responses of detrusor muscle strips to the three potassium channel openers pinacidil, a cyanoguanidine derivative, BRL 38227, a benzopyran derivative and RP 52891, a tertrahydrothiopyran derivative were examined. The potassium channel openers reduced the basal tone, and the rank order of potency was RP 52891>pincidil>BRL 38227. Procaine, an inhibitor of the voltage-sensitive potassium channel tended to increase the basal tone, but it did not affect the relaxant effects of the calcium-activated potassium channel opener did not antagonize the relaxant effects, but it reduced the Emax of RP 52891 and BRL 38227. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, antagonized the relaxant effects of pinacidil, RP 52891 and BRL 38227 reducing the Emax of RP 52891 and BRl 38227. Galanin which inhibits secretion of insulin through opening the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells rather increased the basal tone of the isolated detrusor strips. These results suggest that the urinary bladder of the rat has mainly the ATP-sensitive, glibenclamide sensitive potassium channel, which is a different type from that in the pancreatic β-islet cells.
Animals ; Cromakalim ; Galanin ; Glyburide ; Insulin ; KATP Channels ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myography ; Pinacidil ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Potassium* ; Procaine ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder

Purpose: To investigate the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis which is one of the causative strains of endophthalmitis to three fluoroquinolone drugs, the quinolone resistance gene mutation patterns, and the presence of virulence factor genes. Methods: Between April 1, 2014, and January 16, 2018, 416 eyes of 208 patients undergoing cataract surgery, intravitreal injection, or vitrectomy were examined to identify conjunctival commensals. Patients with infective keratitis and infective endophthalmitis were also examined for the presence of E. faecalis. Before the procedure and surgery, samples for identification of conjunctival commensals were collected from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes. In addition, corneal and vitreous specimens were collected from patients with keratitis and endophthalmitis, respectively. E. faecalis isolated by culturing the samples was tested for drug susceptibility, the presence of gene sequence mutations, and virulence factor genes. Results: In total, 342 strains were identified in samples from the conjunctiva and included six isolates of E. faecalis. The study was conducted with a total of 16 isolates of E. faecalis, including two from cases of keratitis and eight from cases of endophthalmitis. Six of the 16 strains (37.5%) were resistant to quinolone antibiotics. Point mutations were detected mainly in gyrA and parC. The virulence factors esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE were present in the strains and showed no differences between the quinolone-resistant and quinolone-sensitive strains. Gelatinase activity test was negative for all strains. Conclusions The resistance rate of enterococcal clinical isolates identified in the ocular area was 37.5%. The increase in resistance to quinolone antibiotics seems to be related to the presence of mutations in gyrA and parC genes. E. faecalis identified in the eye is thought to possess the virulence factors genes esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE.

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.

Purpose: The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the degree of effect size and variables for the impact of manual physical therapy on the improvement in the range of motion of frozen shoulder patients. Methods: This study collected 8 studies published between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. The analysis of the results verified 49 effect size data and the random effect model was chosen. Results: First, the full case showed the largest mean effect size of 2.485 (p < 0.001). Second, the size of the effect based on manual therapy and modality therapy showed an effect size of 4.178 (p < 0.001). Third, the outcome group included 6 variables. The external rotation (2.818) variable group showed the largest mean effect size, followed by internal rotation (2.748), flexion (2.643), abduction (2.356), and adduction (2.356). Six outcomes were significant and the mean effect sizes of all the varied groups were above large size. The number of participants showed a 20 or less effect size of 2.478 (p > 0.737). The number of intervention periods showed 4 weeks 20 or more effect size of 2.782 (p > 0.294). Finally, the ‘Trim and Fill’ result confirmed that the calibration effect size was 1.471 (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study verified that manual physical therapy had a substantial effect on the improvement of the range of motion of patients with frozen shoulders and that the effects were dependent on the methods of outcomes.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a serious complication of ovulation induction and has a diverse clinical spectrum from edema to thromboembolism. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, one of the well known hypercoagulable states, can be also manifested as an arterial or venous thrombosis and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Sometimes a patient with antiphospholipid antibodies might not notice a miscarriage and seek for assisted reproduction treatment, which harbors a chance of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. If this happens, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can exacerbate the thrombotic complication of underlying antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, resulting in a catastrophic vascular event. The authors experienced a case of middle cerebral artery infarct, which developed during ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a 33-yr-old woman with a previous history of fetal loss. An elevated titer of anticardiolipin antibodies was noticed and persisted thereafter. The authors suggest screening tests for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
Adult ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/blood ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/*complications/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/*etiology/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome/*complications/pathology ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications/pathology

Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially lethal clinical syndrome that results from acute muscle fiber necrosis with leakage of muscle constituents into blood. This devastating disease could be due to muscle compression caused by urologic positioning for a lengthy nephrectomy. In this regard, laparoscopic renal surgery may be a risk for the development of rhabdomyolysis. This phenomenon of massive muscle necrosis can produce secondary acute renal failure. The risk factors have to be managed carefully during anesthetic management. Here, we report a case of a patient with rhabdomyolysis that developed in the flexed lateral decubitus position during laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Humans ; Muscles ; Necrosis ; Nephrectomy ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Risk Factors

We describe a case of inflammatory pseudotumor involving the anal sphincter complex, and its ultrasonographyand MR imaging features. Transperineal ultrasonography showed a well-marginated ovoid low echoic lesionintermingled with sparse echogenic foci within the right anal sphincter complex. The lesion was of intermediatesignal intensity on T1-weighted images and of heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted, compared tosurrounding muscle. After the infusion of gadolinium, the le-sion showed heterogeneous enhancement, with amultifocal non-enhanced center. T 2 - weighted endorectal MR images were more accurate in depicting the lesion andanal sphincter complex, and the patient underwent surgical resection. The final histo-logic diagnosis wasinflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Anal Canal* ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myofibroblasts ; Ultrasonography

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory process characterized by proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous lesions, such as the Gottron's sign, heliotrope rash, and erythematous photosensitive rash. Administration of systemic agents for the treatment of underlying systemic diseases leads to remission of the cutaneous lesions in many cases. However, cutaneous lesions may remain refractory to treatment. Pimecrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor with combined anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. It has high affinity to the skin and low permeation potential, even in patients with acute skin inflammation and in those undergoing post-topical corticosteroid therapy. We herein report two DM patients whose cutaneous lesions were refractory to conventional treatment but showed dramatic response to topical pimecrolimus. The clinical outcomes suggest that topical pimecrolimus may be a good therapeutic alternative for the management of the cutaneous lesions of DM.
Calcineurin ; Dermatomyositis ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Muscle Weakness ; Skin ; Tacrolimus