No abstract available.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Estradiol* ; Fertilization in Vitro*

The causes of the missing teeth are classified as congenital missing, trauma and extraction due to dental caries, variable problems are occured clinically by the missing teeth. The missing of the upper incisors especially would assume a serious aspect, and could be treated by three methods of orthodontic treatment, prosthodontic treatment and autotransplantation of the premolar teeth. The patient of this report had the skeletal class II malocclusion with the left upper central incisor missing, and have been treated with the fixed appliance after extraction of the right upper central incisor and both lower second premolars. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Treatment was done for 1 year 6 months. 2. Normal overbite and overjet were achieved. 3. Cuspal interdigitation was obtained normally. 4. Space problem was resolved with resin restoration of the upper lateral incisors. 5. The upper canines were used as the upper laterals after cuspal contouring. 6. Retention would be required with adequate retainers for a long time to prevent relapsing after treatment.
Autografts ; Bicuspid ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Malocclusion* ; Overbite ; Prosthodontics ; Tooth

Tooth movement would be impeded by frictional force arised between archwire and tube, bracket or elastics in the fixed orthodontic appliances, which could be changed variably by such several factors as the contact area, normal (perpendicular) force and the condition of contact surface. There were many literatures about frictional force in the orthodontic region, but different results were obtained from little controlled research so that was very difficult in clinical application. Therefore we have reviewed comprehensively previous literatures about frictional force and thus several results were obtained as follows: 1. For use species of the orthodontic wire, frictional force was influenced mainly by surface roughness of wire in the absence of binding, while that was influenced mainly by normal force in high binding angulation. 2. For the cross-section and diameter of the wire, the contact area influenced mainly on frictional force in the absence of binding, while wire stiffness influenced mainly on frictional force in high binding angulation. 3. The greater the bracket width, the greater frictional force, and frictional force of the plastic bracket was larger than that of the metal bracket. 4. For ligation type, frictional force of the stainless steel ligation was larger than that of the elastic ligation, and frictional force was directly proportional to ligation force. 5. Variable frictional force were occured from the saliva combined with such another factors as normal force and mode of surface oxide et al.
Friction* ; Ligation ; Orthodontic Appliances* ; Orthodontic Wires ; Plastics ; Saliva ; Stainless Steel ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bisphosphonate and indomethacin, blockers of bone resorption with different mechanisms, on alveolar bone remodeling. Male rats were divided into control, bisphosphonate and indomethacin groups, and then each group was divided into an experimental side and a control side according to the force application. Bisphosphonate(6.3/kg, 2.52x10(-2)mol/L) and indomethacin (9mg/kg, 2.52x10(-2)mol/L) were injected 6 hours and 1 hour before or 24 hours after the force application. The rats were killed 72 hours after the force application and histologic examination was performed. The values of serum acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in the control and experimental groups treated with bisphosphonate or indomethacin 1 hour before the force application. In the experimental side, the least number of osteoclasts was noted in the groups treated 1 hour before the force application with indomethacin or bisphosphonate, while there were no differences between the control and the groups treated with drugs 6 hours before or 24 hours after the force application. In the control side, the number of osteoclasts was not inecreased with no differences among the groups. Histologic examination revealed a severe alveolar bone resorption in the control group and the groups treated with indomethacin 6 hours before or 24 hours after the force application. Indomethacin treatment 1 hour before the force application and bisphosphonate treatment at any time significantly attenuated the bone resorption. Electron microscopically, ruffled border and clear zone of osteoclasts were observed in the control and indomethacin groups, while some osteoclasts were detached from the bone surface and exhibited dull cellular projections in the bisphosphonate groups. The bisphosphonate and indomethacin groups showed lower values of acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase than the control group. The acid phosphatase value in the bisphosphonate group was lower than that in the indomethacin group, whereas there was no difference in the lactate dehydrogenase value between the groups. These results suggest that bisphosphonate reduces the activity of osteoclasts as well as the number of osteoclasts and that indomethacin reduces the number of osteoclasts without affecting the activity of osteoclasts. Bisphosphonate has a larger inhibitory effect on bone resorption and thus less limitation in the application time than indomethacin.
Acid Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling* ; Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Indomethacin* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Male ; Osteoclasts ; Rats* ; Tooth Movement

Salmonellosis in poultry of Korea is a significant health problem, which causes substantial economic losses. The most common causative agents of chicken salmonellosis ar S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Traditional methods used to detect Salmoenella spp. In chicken are tedious, time consuming and confer little guarantee of sensitivity and species specificity. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive method for the differentiation of Salmonella serogroup D was assessed. We first amplified the rfbS genes by PCR and characterized the amplified product by nucleotide sequence analysis. The homology of nucleotide sequence was 99.7% between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum rfbS genes. Further comparisons of the sequences of S. gallinarum, S. gallinarum fied strain, S. pullorum and S. typhi(GenBank Accession No.M29682) showed a homology of 98.3%. The predicted amino acid sequence homology was 97.1%, 97.1% and 97.5%, respectively. Based on this comparison of these nucleotide sequences, we found unique restriction enzyme sites within the rfbS genes of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum. Thus, the PCR products could be further digested with restriction enzymes TfiI and PleI for use in a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) technique. This method can be applied in the differential diagnosis between S. gallinarum and S. pullorum.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chickens ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Poultry Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Restriction Mapping/veterinary ; Salmonella/*classification/genetics/isolation&purification ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity

Roberts syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by pre- and postnatal growth retardation, symmetrical limb defects and craniofacial anomalies. A report is given on a 5 year old male child showing the following anomalies; bilateral aplasia of distal humerus, radius, ulnar and 5th midphalanx of hand, cleft palate, hypertelorism and craniosynostosis, pronated foot with genu valgus. We report one case of Roberts syndrome with review of literature.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Palate ; Craniosynostoses ; Extremities ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Humerus ; Hypertelorism ; Male ; Radius

Giant cell myocarditis(GCM) is a rare inflammatory heart disease which is characterized by multinucleated giant cells and a granulomatous reaction. It usually progresses rapidly and results in a fatal course. We report a patient with giant cell myocarditis who was treated by cardiac transplantation. A 35-year-old male was admitted with dyspnea which had developed 4 months before. On echocardiography, the right and left ventricles were markedly dilated and severe global hypokinesia was noted. He was diagosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with secondary severe mitral regurgitation. His cardiac function deteriorated progressively. He underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. Grossly the heart was enlarged, weighing 420gm and round with a blunt apex. Both right and left ventricles were markedly dilated. There were numerous white patches, measuring up to 4cm, throughout the epi- and myocardium. Microscopically, extensive fibrosis and multiple exuberant granulomas with numerous scattered multinucleated giant cells were seen. Lymphocytes and eosinophils were also frequent. Coronary arteries were unremarkable. Neither microorganisms nor foreign materials were found. By serial endomyocardial biopsies of the transplanted heart, only mild perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was occasionally observed without any evidence of rejection or recurrence of giant cell myocarditis. The patient's postoperative course has been uneventful so far(postoperative 21 months). The etiology of GCM remains to be clarified, although various factors are suspected. No matter what the cause, our experience suggests that this grave disease might be treated well by heart transplantation.
Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

No abstract available.
Blood Donors* ; Humans ; Phenotype*

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is related to intracellular glycogen content in rat hearts, however, controversies still remain. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 45 min global ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion with IPC (n=0) or without IPC (ischemic control, n=). IPC was induced by one cycle of 5 min global ischemia and 10 min reperfusion. In the glucose (G)-free preconditioned group (n=0), G depletion-repletion was induced by perfusion with G-free Tyrode solution for 5 min and then G-containing Tyrode solution for 10 min followed by 45 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. For glycogen depletion or loading, hearts were treated with sodium acetate (NA, 5 mM, n=) or insulin (Ins, 1 unit/L, n=) for 15 min before 45 min ischemia. Left ventricular function and coronary flow (CF) were continuously recorded during experiments. Myocardial cytosolic and membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activities were measured by 32P-gamma-ATP incorporation into PKC-specific pepetide; glycogen content in the cardiac myocytes was determined by spectrophotometry with amyloglucosidase; expression of PKC isozymes was determined by Western blot with monoclonal antibodies. Infarct size was determined by staining with tetrazolium salt and planimetry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS: IPC or G-free preconditioning enhanced LV functional recovery; NA did not influence on functional recovery but Ins depressed it. Infarct size was significantly reduced by IPC, G-free preconditioning, and NA treatment (35.3+/-2.1% in the ischemic control, 18.7+/-1.2% in the IPC, 22.1+/-1.2% in the G-free preconditioned, 16.3+/-1.2% in the NA-treated group, and 32.8+/-1.6% in the Ins-treated group, p<0.05). Membrane PKC activities significantly increased by IPC, IPC and 45 min ischemia, G-free preconditioning, and G-free preconditioning and 45 min ischemia; especially, expression of membrane PKC-epsilon increased by IPC and G-free preconditioning. Glycogen content decreased by 45 min ischemia, IPC, G-free preconditioning, and by NA treatment, but increased by Ins treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in rabbit heart, intracellular glycogen may not significantly be related with the cardioprotective effect of IPC; G-free preconditioning could not improve post-ischemic contractile dysfunction but it has an infarct size-limiting effect; this cardioprotective effect may be related in part to activation of PKC, especially epsilon isozyme.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blotting, Western ; Cytosol ; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase ; Glucose ; Glycogen* ; Heart ; Insulin ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Isoenzymes ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Perfusion ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Rats ; Reperfusion ; Sodium Acetate ; Spectrophotometry ; Ventricular Function, Left