Author presented nine patients of eye toxicity from Ethambutol. They used daily the drug, 15~30mg per kilogram body weight during the period of one month to six months. With the relationship of drug induced toxic amblyopia and optic neuritis, seven patients out of nine showed severe visual disturbance. Five of them have the peripheral constriction. Three cases showed relative ring scotoma and one case showed relative central scotoma.
Amblyopia ; Body Weight ; Constriction ; Ethambutol* ; Humans* ; Optic Neuritis ; Scotoma

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

One case of Rt. lacrimal gland mixed tumor is reported. The patient is a 26 years sold Korean male with right exophthalmos which growth slowly for 4 years. Pneumogaphy was done preoperalively and x-ray findings revealed that large tumor in the superior wall of the orbit, ladmaI gland tumor. In this case, pathologic findings were mixed tumor of lacrimal gland with no evidence of malignaney. Superior lateral approch was performed, without any complication. The vision was inproved and cosmetic result was satisfactory.
Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Male ; Orbit

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review our recent experiences with deep neck abscesses in children and adolescents and to provide helpful information in treatment and diagnosis by comparing them with those in other available literatures. METHODS: Medical records of 36 children and adolescents admitted for deep neck abscess at two hospitals from January 2000 to October 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1 and the mean age was 6.5 years. Painful neck swelling and fever were the most frequent symptoms in patients under thirteen years of age whereas trismus and headache were frequent symptoms in patients over fourteen years of age. Submandibular space was the most common site of deep neck abscess in patients under thirteen years of age, whereas peritonsillar space was the most common site in patients over fourteen years of age. The results of bacterial cultures were positive in 61.5% of drained cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified bacteria in 6 patients (37.5%) and 5 of them were under 2 years of age. Twenty six patients received surgical drainage while the others were treated with antibiotics only. There were no statistically significant differences in the durations of admission, fever after admission, and antibiotic treatment between surgical and medical treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The common sites of deep neck abscess, associated symptoms, and causative organisms were different between children and adolescents. As there were no differences in durations of admission, fever, or antibiotics treatments between surgical and medical treatment groups, surgical drainage may be avoided by early recognition and suspicion. However, if there is no improvement of symptoms or size of abscesses within 48-72 hours of antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage should be considered.
Abscess ; Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Child ; Drainage ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neck ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Trismus

BACKGROUND: Kinesio taping is a treatment for pain and dysfunction of musculoskeletal system, using tapes which have a similar elasticity to skin. This study was done to find out about the efficacy of kinesio taping on patients with a low back pain. METHODS: This study was performed in patients with a non-specific low back pain who had visited the Inchon International Airport Construction Authority Clinic from January 2000 to April 2000. We performed taping to a randomized case group and a placebo to control group during the first 3 days. After the first 3 days, we assessed the changes of improvement in low back pain with visual-analogue pain scale (VAS) . From the second visit on, we also started carrying out kinesio taping in the control group. RESULTS: The total number of patients participating in this study was 43, but 4 patients did not complete the study stopped. After the first 3 days, control group showed just 0.93 of the VAS score improvement, while randomized case group showed 2.55(p=0.003). The VAS score of case and control group were 3.18 and 3.03 respectively, which showed improvement at the end point of treatment compared with the first score. CONCLUSIONS: Kinesio taping was more efficacious than placebo in patients with a nonspecific low back pain.
Airports ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Incheon ; Low Back Pain* ; Musculoskeletal System ; Skin

PURPOSE: This study investigates the status of medication use of the elderly with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics and attempts to identify factors influencing medication adherence. METHODS: Data were collected from September 1 to October 19, 2016. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interview with a convenience sample of 161, elderly people with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics. The survey included questions about status of medication use, medication adherence, symptom experience, depression and family function. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with IBM SPSS 23.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease was 4.48±2.35. Experiences of side effects (β=.31, p<.001), use of over-the-counter pain medication (β=.19, p=.009), and family function (β=.16, p=.031) were identified as significant predictors. The final model explained 18.0% of the variation of medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease taking non-opioid analgesics (F=12.30, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Therefore, as a strategy to improve medication adherence of the elderly with chronic disease, therapeutic intervention should be developed to improve family function and to manage with personalized plans considering experiences of side effects and use of over-the-counter pain medication.

A 47-day-old male infant presented with fever, poor oral intake, irritability, and right-sided bluish buccal swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck showed a round mass lesion of about 2.0x1.5 cm that suggested abscess formation in the right masticator space. Ultrasound-guided extraoral aspiration of the abscess at the right masseter muscle was successful. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the culture from the aspirated pus and blood. Appropriate antibiotics were given and the patient recovered. The patient underwent follow-up ultrasonography that showed an improved state of the previously observed right masseter muscle swelling at about 1 month after hospital discharge. A masticator space abscess usually originates from an odontogenic infection in adults. We report a case of masticator space abscess in a 47-day-old infant in whom septicemia without odontogenic infection was suspected.
Abscess ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Neck ; Sepsis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Suppuration

This study was conducted to reduce children's fat intake and to establish healthy dietary lifestyles. To achieve these goals, we searched, collected, and analyzed the materials related to the fat education, based on which the research personnel-professors and graduate students in nutrition and child education and elementary school teachers- discussed to figure out major topics, objectives, and detailed contents and activities appropriate for fat intake reduction. We also organized an advisory committee composed of 15 professionals in related fields to discuss the adequacy and validity of the specific contents. Finally, we systematically organized the contents and developed children's textbooks and teacher's guidebooks. Considering the different cognitive development stages of junior and senior elementary students we developed two different textbooks for each of them which are easy to read and understand, fun to play with lots of activities, and designed to practice into daily life. The contents cover three major topics-the concept of lipid, lipid in food, lipid in life and are composed of 6 units in total. To help teachers understand and and to instruct, teacher's guidebooks contain an overview of the education, specific information and practical guidelines for each class. We developed these education materials with the aim of lowering children's fat consumption and eventually promoting their health welfare; hopefully we expect these materials would be useful for children's nutritional education in the field.
Advisory Committees ; Child ; Humans ; Life Style

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are inherited neurodegenerative disorders, which are caused by the accumulation of lipopigment in lysosomes. Variant forms of late infantile NCLs (vLINCLs) characterized by a later onset of seizures and visual impairment (3–8 years) than in the classic form (2–4 years) are caused by mutations of the gene encoding ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 6 (CLN6). In a girl with progressive myoclonus epilepsy, we found heterozygous variants of CLN6 (NM_017882.2; NP_060352.1): c.296A>G (p.Lys99Arg) and c.307C>T (p.Arg103Trp). They were identified with whole-exome sequencing and verified with Sanger sequencing. At 7 years and 9 months, our patient had developed multiple types of seizures, prominent myoclonus with photosensitivity, regression in motor and language skills, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, and brain atrophy in brain images, all of which were progressive and were compatible with vLINCLs. However, this first Korean report shows no visual impairment, which resembles the previously reported Japanese case.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Ceroid ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive* ; Myoclonus ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses ; Neurons ; Seizures ; Vision Disorders

OBJECTIVE: Our previous study demonstrated that the placental GnRH and GnRH mRNA did not parallel the time course of hCG secretion, though it is thought to be one of the potential paracrine regulators of hCG secretion from the trophoblasts. The present study was designed to examine the potential variation in GnRH-receptor mRNA expression in the placenta, which may account for the GnRH-mediated action of hCG secretion during pregnancy. METHODS: Human placentas in firt, second, and third trimester of normal pregnancy were obtained. These placentas were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound, and sectioned by cryostat. For in situ hybridization, S labeled RNA probes were used and followed by autoradiography. RESULTS: The GnRH-receptor mRNA signals were present in both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cell layers. Signal intensities varied with gestational ages and were abundant at 6-7 weeks, peaked at 9-12weeks, declined at 14 and 24 weeks, and were barely detectable at term. The present study demonstrates that GnRH-receptor mRNA exhibits changes paralleling the time course of hCG secretion during pregnancy CONCLUSION: These data provide mechanistic understanding that the paracrine/autocrine regulation of hCG secretion by placental GnRH is mediated through an increase followed by a decline in GnRH-receptor mRNA expression from the first trimester to term placenta.
Autoradiography ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Messenger* ; Trophoblasts