No abstract available.
Paraganglioma*

Purpose: The prevalence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after diabetic vitrectomy were evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study included 171 eyes of 141 patients who underwent diabetic vitrectomy in-hospital between March 2013 and July 2019 and were followed for >12 months postoperatively. Regardless of the presence or absence of neovascularization in the anterior segment, all patients received injections of intravitreal bevacizumab during vitrectomy. Patients with preoperative neovascularization in iris (NVI) or angle (NVA) received both intracameral and intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Data were collected regarding baseline demographics, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, hypertension, NVG in the fellow eye, panretinal photocoagulation history, iris and angle neovascularization, and postoperative findings (e.g., rebleeding and residual retinal detachment). Results: In total, 141 patients and 171 eyes were included in the study, and the incidence of postoperative NVG was 5.85% (10 patients). Five patients (27.78%) with preoperative NVI or NVA developed postoperative NVG. Significant risk factors for postoperative NVG were preoperative NVA or NVI (odds ratio [OR] = 16.428, p = 0.003), shorter diabetic duration (OR = 0.853, p = 0.033), and the absence of preoperative panretinal photocoagulation (OR = 0.006, p = 0.035). Conclusions There is a high possibility of postoperative NVG in patients with preoperative NVI or NVA, a short duration of diabetes, and no preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. In such patients, close monitoring is required after diabetic vitrectomy.

Purpose: The prevalence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after diabetic vitrectomy were evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study included 171 eyes of 141 patients who underwent diabetic vitrectomy in-hospital between March 2013 and July 2019 and were followed for >12 months postoperatively. Regardless of the presence or absence of neovascularization in the anterior segment, all patients received injections of intravitreal bevacizumab during vitrectomy. Patients with preoperative neovascularization in iris (NVI) or angle (NVA) received both intracameral and intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Data were collected regarding baseline demographics, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, hypertension, NVG in the fellow eye, panretinal photocoagulation history, iris and angle neovascularization, and postoperative findings (e.g., rebleeding and residual retinal detachment). Results: In total, 141 patients and 171 eyes were included in the study, and the incidence of postoperative NVG was 5.85% (10 patients). Five patients (27.78%) with preoperative NVI or NVA developed postoperative NVG. Significant risk factors for postoperative NVG were preoperative NVA or NVI (odds ratio [OR] = 16.428, p = 0.003), shorter diabetic duration (OR = 0.853, p = 0.033), and the absence of preoperative panretinal photocoagulation (OR = 0.006, p = 0.035). Conclusions There is a high possibility of postoperative NVG in patients with preoperative NVI or NVA, a short duration of diabetes, and no preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. In such patients, close monitoring is required after diabetic vitrectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that is known as an important independent risk factor for stroke. However, limited information is available on AF in Korea. This study evaluated the incidence of AF, its associated co-morbidities and risk factors for AF in Korea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The National Health Insurance Service database between 2002 and 2010 was used in the study. Individuals<30 years old and those diagnosed with AF between 2002 and 2004 were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) according to co-morbidities and risk factors for AF were determined using a Cox proportional hazard model. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) of AF risk factors were determined. RESULTS: During a 6-year follow-up period, 3517 (1.7%) developed AF. The incidence rates in men and women aged 30-39 years were 0.82 and 0.55 per 1000 person-years, respectively; the incidence rates further increased with age to 13.09 and 11.54 per 1000 person-years in men and women aged≥80 years, respectively. The risk factors for incident AF were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure. After adjusting for variables related to AF, the risk of AF was significantly associated with hypertension (HR 1.667), IHD (HR 1.639), heart failure (HR 1.521), and the PAFs for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, IHD, heart failure and diabetes mellitus were 30.6%, 10.1%, 3.4%, 16.6%, 8.2%, 5.3% and 0.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Incidence of AF increased with age and was higher in men than in women. A larger proportion of AF events was attributable to hypertension than to other co-morbidities.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; National Health Programs* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors* ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Two successive surveys were conducted in the same rural areas. The first survey was intended to obtain an initial estimate of public familiarity with, understanding of, and attitudes toward epilepsy. The second survey was performed to assess trends in public attitudes toward epilepsy and the putative effect of campaigns on such a trend. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were conducted by means of a door-to-door interview using the same questionnaire, in which all residents over 19 years of age, living in the survey area, were targeted. Vehicles for the educational campaign took the form of lectures and small group discussions. RESULTS: Of 820 respondents in the first survey, 93% of respondents were familiar with epilepsy. Nevertheless, only 8.5% answered they had an epileptic person among their family or relatives. The understanding of epilepsy among respondents appeared to be not only based more on supernatural or superstitious thinking, but was also less comparable to that of other studies. The attitudes toward epilepsy also were far more negative in Korean rural areas than in other countries. The false belief that epilepsy cannot be treated was the factor that contributed most to negative attitudes in Korean rural areas. Even though it was not remarkable, and was not attributed to the campaigns entirely, a positive trend was obvious not only in understanding the cause of epilepsy but also in attitudes toward epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize the fact that the majority of respondents still remain unchanged in their misunderstanding of and negative attitudes toward epilepsy, regardless of the new positive trend. In order to ameliorate prejudices against epilepsy and allow epileptic persons to interact with and adapt to their surroundings properly, not only continuous and repetitive educational efforts but also the sympathy of professional and lay societies regarding epilepsy would be needed.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Lectures ; Prejudice ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Thinking

Lower eyelid retraction is usually managed by recession of the lower lid retractors and interposition of a spacer graft including ear cartilage, nasal septal cartilage, donor sclera or autogenous tarsoconjunctiva.We have used hard palate mucosa as a spacer in 10 patients (11 eyelids)with lower lid retraction.Average age at operation was 36 years with the range of 10 years to 59 years.Causes of the lower lid retraction were thyroid ophthal-mopathy (4 eyelids), strabismus surgery (2 eyelids), entropion repair (2 eye-lids), eyelid infection (2 eyelids), and trauma (1 eyelid).Of 11 eyelids, 7 eye-lids were combined with entropion due to the shortage of posterior lamella. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 45 months (mean 17 months).Surgi-cal results in all 11 eyelids were satisfactory.There was no complication in donor site.Hard palate closely approximates lower lid tarsus in terms of contour, thickness, and stiffness, provides a mucosal surface and shows only minimal shrinkage. We suggest hard palate mucosal grafts as one of the best available spacer material for the treatment of lower lid retraction.
Ankle ; Cartilage ; Ear Cartilage ; Entropion ; Eyelids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane* ; Palate ; Palate, Hard* ; Sclera ; Strabismus ; Thyroid Gland ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: To study the effect of a long-term, oral, fixed dose with a combination of alendronate and calcitriol on the cancellous bone microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 equal groups: a non-medication group (OVX), and a medication group (ALD). The ALD group was treated with an oral daily fixed dose with a combination of alendronate and calcitriol for six months, starting from 4 weeks after ovariectomy, while the OVX group was given only a placebo. After six months, all animals were sacrificed, and an in vitro micro-CT analysis of the the distal femur was performed. The bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), structure model index (SMI), connectivity density (Conn.D), and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed. RESULTS: The ALD group had significantly higher BV/TV, Tb N, BMD and Conn.D and it also had significantly lower Tb Sp and SMI than the OVX group. CONCLUSION: A long term, daily, oral fixed dose with a combination of alendronate and calcitriol could significantly reduce the osteoporotic changes in this ovariectomized rat model.
Alendronate ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Calcitriol ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Magnesium is a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Magnesium is thought to be involved in opioid tolerance by way of inhibiting calcium entry into cells. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the anesthetic regimens: Group M received magnesium sulfate and Group C received saline intravenously under remifentanil-based anesthesia. Group S received saline intravenously under sevoflurane based anesthesia in place of remifentanil. The patients in the group M received 25% magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of saline, and those patients in groups C and S received an equal volume of saline before induction of anesthesia; this was followed by 10 mg/kg/h infusion of either magnesium sulfate (group M) or an equal volume of saline (groups C and S) until the end of surgery. Pain was assessed on a visual analog scale at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after the operation. The time to the first postoperative analgesic requirement and the cumulative analgesic consumption were evaluated in the three groups. RESULTS: The visual analog scales for pain and the cumulative analgesic consumption were significantly greater in group C than in other groups. The time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly shorter in group C than that in the other groups. There were no differences between group M and S for side effects. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high dose and continuous remifentanil infusion is associated with clinically relevant evidence of acute opioid tolerance. NMDA-receptor antagonist, magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant analgesic prevents opioid tolerance in patients who are undergoing major abdominal surgery under high dose and continuous remifentanil infusion-based anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Methyl Ethers ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; N-Methylaspartate ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Piperidines ; Weights and Measures

Nasal bleeding related to nasal trauma is the most common complication of nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope. When nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope is performed, profuse bleeding from the nasal cavity makes it difficult to handle a fiberoptic scope and may cause a hypoxemia. So when nasal bleeding occurs, it is important to suction the nasal cavity for easy handling of a fiberoptic scope. But, it may be difficult to suction in a nasal cavity with a fiberoptic suction port only. We report a patient with nasal bleeding following nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope because of articular trismus, and successful nasotracheal intubation utilizing a fiberoptic scope by suctioning with an extra suction apparatus.
Anoxia ; Epistaxis ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Nasal Cavity ; Suction ; Trismus

Nasal bleeding related to nasal trauma is the most common complication of nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope. When nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope is performed, profuse bleeding from the nasal cavity makes it difficult to handle a fiberoptic scope and may cause a hypoxemia. So when nasal bleeding occurs, it is important to suction the nasal cavity for easy handling of a fiberoptic scope. But, it may be difficult to suction in a nasal cavity with a fiberoptic suction port only. We report a patient with nasal bleeding following nasotracheal intubation with a fiberoptic scope because of articular trismus, and successful nasotracheal intubation utilizing a fiberoptic scope by suctioning with an extra suction apparatus.
Anoxia ; Epistaxis ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intubation ; Nasal Cavity ; Suction ; Trismus