Objectives: Finding the markers/symptoms of cytology for each disease and all diseases belonged the myeloproliferative syndrome (MPS). Subjects: 55 patients in the H÷u NghÞ Hospital during 1985-1998. Results: The increased leukocytes and immature cells found in the peripheral blood of patients with MPS. However, the level and rate of these were different: 1st increased level (chronic granulocytic leukemia, 2nd increased level (essential myelofibrosis), 3th increased level(primary multi erythro was always accompanied with erythrocythmia where as the chronic granulocytic leukemia and essential myelofibrosis were accompanied with anemia. The primary thrombocythenia remains the normal erythrocyte. The thrombocythenia is not a obviously marker in the primary thrombocyte but also in the chronic granulocytic leukemia and the primary multierythrocyte. The thrombocyte found in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloproliferative syndrome. The number of marrow cells were reduced in the essential myelofibrocythemia remained at normal level. The significant increased number of marrow cells found in the most of patients with the chronic granulocytic leukemia. The obvious increased rate of germ cell of granulocyte and thrombocyte in the marrow cell picture.
Myeloproliferative Disorders ; cytology ; diagnosis

This study included 55 patients who admitted to Huu Nghi Hospital from 1985 to 1998. It is found that spleen enlargement is common in myeloproliferative conditions, with the incidence is 100% of patients who have chronic granulocytic leukemia and those have idiopathic myelosclerosis. These patients have grade II or more of spleen enlargement. This symptom is less common in patients who have polycythemia vera or essential trombocythemia, and these patients are likely to have grade I of spleen enlargement. Anemia is more likely to be found in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, especially in those with idiopathic myelosclerosis, but this symptom is infrequent in patients with essential trombocythemia. Patients with polycythemia vera in typical have excessive blood. Infection and hemorrhage occurred predominantly in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and in some cases of essential trombocythemia. Symptoms of high blood pressure, tip finger bruise and limb weakness have been found mainly in patients with polycythemia vera. In some cases with polycythemia vera, both red cell and white cell counts are increased. While patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera and idiopathic myelosclerosis expresses obvious clinical symptoms, the symptoms in patients who have essential trombocythemia are unmarked.
Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; syndrome

Attention ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; diagnosis ; Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; World Health Organization

Essential thrombocythemia in childhood is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder in the multipotent stem cell origin and is associated with an increased risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications. The one of diagnostic criteria is a platelet count of more than 600,000/mm3. We diagnosed this disease in 8 year old boy incidentally and treated with hydroxyurea. We report a case of essential thrombocythemia to summarize the current trends in the diagnosis and management with a brief review of related literatures.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Male ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Platelet Count ; Thrombocythemia, Essential*

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic precursors. Usually, granulocytic sarcoma is seen in association with acute myeloid leukemia, or other myeloproliferative disorders. Rarely, it may manifest as a primary presentation before the onset of systemic disease in acute myeloid leukemia. The clinical suspicion of granulocytic sarcoma based on imaging findings is important for the management of the patient especially when systemic disease of acute myeloid leukemia is not confirmed as in our case. We report the MR findings of a granulocytic sarcoma in the left leg mimicking hemorrhagic abscess in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. We believe that MRI can be a helpful diagnostic method of making a differential diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma in a patient with leukemia, and this can be done by analyzing the signal intensity and the enhancement pattern.
Abscess ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leg ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Sarcoma, Myeloid

Individuals with Down syndrome have a high incidence of hematologic diseases such as transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) and acute leukemia comparing to the normal children. TMD usually undergoes complete recovery within a few months without any treatment. In Korea, there were several cases of TMD with Down syndrome in the literatures, but no reports of TMD in a phenotypically normal newborn with mosaic Down syndrome. We experienced a case of TMD in a 19- day-old male who was phenotypically normal newborn with mosaic Down syndrome. Specific treatment was withheld, hematologic recovery occurred within one month of diagnosis. We report the case with brief review of literature.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Male ; Myeloproliferative Disorders*

Liver involvement is often observed in hematological disorders, resulting in liver abnormality, including unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, monoclonal hyperglobulinemia, portal vein, or hepatic vein thrombosis or portal hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, or iron accumulation in the liver. Here we summarize the major hematological diseases that often affect the liver: hemolytic anemia, defect in coagulation or anti-coagulation factors, myeloproliferative neoplasm, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. We hope this review will help clinicians diagnose and manage the patients with liver involvement by hematological disorders.
Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/diagnosis* ; Portal Vein/pathology*

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with a higher incidence of leukemia than general population; the subtype is acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in 50% of cases. DS is also strongly associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), which is usually diagnosed during newborns and infants. Due to its difficulty in distinguishing TMD from acute leukemia (AL), the diagnosis of TMD should be made with extreme caution. Unlike AL, most cases of TMD resolve spontaneously within 3 months; blast cells disappear within 8 weeks in 80% and within 10 weeks in 90% of the surviving patients. Some infants with TMD, however, may have a severe complication leading into life-threatening clinical course with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, liver impairment, respiratory distress, anemia, infection and hemorrhage. Rarely, AL can develop after remission of TMD. We report a case of TMD with DS in newly born infant who presented hepatosplenomegaly on prenatal sonography and improved with exchange transfusion, steroid.
Anemia ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Myeloproliferative Disorders*

Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis and staging of hematologic disease. This procedure is generally considered safe; however, there are several adverse events associated with bone marrow biopsy. The most frequent and serious adverse event is hemorrhage. Risk factors include coagulopathy, myeloproliferative disorders, and anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. Most hemorrhage is local hematoma; however, infrequently retroperitoneal hemorrhage occurs. In the case of massive hemorrhage, operation or angiographic embolization may be required. We report on a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage after bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an essential thrombocythemia patient.
Biopsy* ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Bone Marrow* ; Diagnosis ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Methods ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Risk Factors ; Thrombocythemia, Essential*

The World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues was recently published in a revised fourth edition. The categories of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have not significantly changed since the 2008 fourth edition of the classification; however, newly discovered mutations including CALR and CSF3R and improved characterizations and standardizations of morphological features of some entities, particularly BCR-ABL1-negative MPNs, have impacted the diagnostic criteria of disease entities, increasing the reliability and reproducibility of diagnoses. The 2017 revised edition attempts to incorporate new clinical, prognostic, morphologic, and genetic data that have emerged since the last edition. This article reviews the major changes in the classification and their rationale for MPN classification within the revised 2017 WHO system.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Global Health* ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Polycythemia Vera ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; World Health Organization*