Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: We performed this study in order to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of urolithiasis in patients with malignant hematologic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine hundred one patients who underwent medical treatment for malignant hematologic disease and 40,543 patients who visited the emergency room and without malignant hematologic diseases were included in our study. The patients with malignant hematologic diseases were divided into two groups depending on their primary treatment. Group I included patients with acute and chronic leukemia (AML, ALL, CML, CLL) for which chemotherapy and steroid therapy was necessary, and group II included patients with anaplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome and who had undergone repeated transfusion for treatment. Comparisons were made between the two groups in respect to the incidence of urolithiasis and the stones' radiopacity. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients (3.2%) of the 901 malignant hematologic patients were diagnosed with urolithiasis, compared to 575 patients (1.4%) of 40,543 emergency room patients. There was a significant increase of the incidence of urolithiasis in the malignant hematologic group. Compared to the general patients, the patients with malignant hematologic diseases had a higher rate of radiolucent stones (46.6% versus 16.3%, respectively), and the difference was significant. CONCLUSION: The incidence of urolithiasis for malignant hematologic patients was significantly higher than that for the control group.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases/*complications/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia/complications/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/complications/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urolithiasis/*epidemiology/*etiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the diagnostic experience of primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in order to improve the diagnostic level.

METHODSUsing prospective cohort study to collect consecutive samples. Diagnoses of 282 MDS cases were defined according to FAB and WHO classification.

RESULTSThe median age at MDS onset was 56. 19.5% and 24.5% of cases occurred at age 50 - 59 and 70 - 79, respectively. Presence of immature granulocytes and erythroblasts in peripheral blood (PB) were found in 67% and 48% of the MDS patients, respectively. The percentage (68%) of FAB-RA and WHO-RCMD patients in China is relatively high compared to that in western countries. The abnormality of chromosome (31.2%) was lower than that in the West, and similar to that in Japan. Eighty nine percent of the MDS patients could be diagnosed on cell morphology in PB and bone marrow (BM) aspirate. Ninety four percent of MDS could be diagnosed by combination of BM aspirate and core biopsy. Ninety seven percent of the patients could be recognized by combination of bone marrow aspirate, core biopsy and cytogenetics.

CONCLUSIONSThe subtypes and clinical features of Chinese MDS patients were somewhat different from the West, but similar to that in Japan. Diagnostic efficiency can be extremely improved by combination of bone marrow aspirate, core biopsy and cytogenetics.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Cell Count ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; classification ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The association between meat, fish, or fatty acid intake and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been investigated in a few studies, and the results were inconsistent. In addition, most studies are mainly based on the United States and European countries, in which the dietary patterns differ from that in Asia. Therefore, the risk of AML/MDS from meat, fish, or fatty acid intake in Asia requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AML/MDS incidence and meat, fish, or fatty acid intake using the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. METHODS: The present study included 93,366 participants who were eligible for analysis and followed up from the 5-year survey date until December 2012. We estimated the impact of their intake on AML/MDS incidence using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The study participants were followed up for 1,345,002 person-years. During the follow-up period, we identified 67 AML and 49 MDS cases. An increased intake of processed red meat was significantly associated with the incidence of AML/MDS, with a hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.57) for the highest versus lowest tertile and a P_trend of 0.04. Meanwhile, the intake of other foods and fatty acids was not associated with AML/MDS. CONCLUSION In this Japanese population, processed red meat was associated with an increased incidence of AML/MDS.
Animals ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Incidence ; Public Health ; Meat/adverse effects* ; Fatty Acids/adverse effects* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/epidemiology*

In recent years, there have been lots of progresses in the studies on red cell diseases in China, especially bone marrow failure diseases including immuno-related pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and paroxymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Numerous laboratory experiments as well as clinical researches have been carried out by Chinese hematologists, which brought about much clearer pathogenesis, more rational diagnosis methods and more effective therapies for red cell diseases.
Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; China ; Hematologic Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; Pancytopenia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism

This retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in survivors of childhood cancer from multiple institutions in Korea. A total of 102 patients from 11 institutions who developed SMN after childhood cancer treatment between 1998 and 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. The most common primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) were central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 17), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 16), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 13), and osteosarcoma (n = 12). The most common SMNs were therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs; acute myeloid leukemia [AML], 29 cases; myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS], 12 cases), followed by thyroid carcinomas (n = 15) and CNS tumors (n = 10). The median latency period was 4.9 years (range, 0.5-18.5 years). Among 45 patients with solid tumors defined as an SMN, 15 (33%) developed the lesion in a field previously subjected to radiation. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients with an SMN was 45% with a median follow-up time of 8.6 years. Patients with AML, MDS, and CNS tumors exhibited the poorest outcomes with 5-year OS rates of 18%, 33%, and 32%, respectively, whereas those with second osteosarcoma showed comparable outcomes (64%) to patients with primary counterpart and those with second thyroid carcinoma had a 100% OS rate. Further therapeutic efforts are recommended to improve the survival outcomes in patients with SMNs, especially in cases with t-MNs and CNS tumors.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/radiotherapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/*diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Osteosarcoma/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

This retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in survivors of childhood cancer from multiple institutions in Korea. A total of 102 patients from 11 institutions who developed SMN after childhood cancer treatment between 1998 and 2011 were retrospectively enrolled. The most common primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) were central nervous system (CNS) tumors (n = 17), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 16), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 13), and osteosarcoma (n = 12). The most common SMNs were therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs; acute myeloid leukemia [AML], 29 cases; myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS], 12 cases), followed by thyroid carcinomas (n = 15) and CNS tumors (n = 10). The median latency period was 4.9 years (range, 0.5-18.5 years). Among 45 patients with solid tumors defined as an SMN, 15 (33%) developed the lesion in a field previously subjected to radiation. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients with an SMN was 45% with a median follow-up time of 8.6 years. Patients with AML, MDS, and CNS tumors exhibited the poorest outcomes with 5-year OS rates of 18%, 33%, and 32%, respectively, whereas those with second osteosarcoma showed comparable outcomes (64%) to patients with primary counterpart and those with second thyroid carcinoma had a 100% OS rate. Further therapeutic efforts are recommended to improve the survival outcomes in patients with SMNs, especially in cases with t-MNs and CNS tumors.
Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/radiotherapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/*diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality/therapy ; Osteosarcoma/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

: One of the most feared complications of childhood cancer treatment is second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of SMNs in a tertiary paediatric oncology centre in Singapore.: A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with childhood cancer under age 21 and treated at the National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 1990 to 15 April 2012. Case records of patients with SMNs were reviewed.: We identified 1124 cases of childhood cancers with a median follow-up of 3.49 (0 to 24.06) years. The most common primary malignancies were leukaemia (47.1%), central nervous system tumours (11.7%) and lymphoma (9.8%). Fifteen cases developed SMNs, most commonly acute myeloid leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 7). Median interval between the first and second malignancy was 3.41 (0.24 to 18.30) years. Overall 20-year cumulative incidence of SMNs was 5.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 10.4%). The 15-year cumulative incidence of SMNs following acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was 4.4% (95% CI, 0% to 8.9%), significantly lower than the risk after osteosarcoma of 14.2% (95% CI, 0.7% to 27.7%) within 5 years (<0.0005). Overall 5-year survival for SMNs was lower than that of primary malignancies.: This study identified factors explaining the epidemiology of SMNs described, and found topoisomerase II inhibitor use to be a likely risk factor in our cohort. Modifications have already been made to our existing therapeutic protocols in osteosarcoma treatment. We also recognised the importance of other risk management strategies, including regular long-term surveillance and early intervention for detected SMNs, to improve outcomes of high risk patients.
Bone Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cancer Care Facilities ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; epidemiology ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; epidemiology ; Osteosarcoma ; therapy ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Survivors ; statistics & numerical data ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; therapeutic use