The therapeutic applications of Soft Contact Lenses including its optical use are most popular, devices in Ophthalmological field. The presoaked soft contact lenses (Bionite Lens) by 1% pilocarpine,10% phenylnephrine. 1% homatropine, and 1% atropine for 4 minutes are inserted into the albino rabbit and the size of pupil was measured using mm. caliper under the dim red light in the dark room. Hourly measurements were carried out and were stopped in each subject when the pupil size of both eyes had returned to normal. The pupil size of control group, which only the above drug were instilled into the conjunctival cuI de sac, was also measured as the same method. As conclusion using soft contact lens in the therapeutic purpose, it potentiate the effect of medication and prolong the time of drug effect compared with the control groups.
Atropine ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Miotics* ; Mydriatics* ; Pupil

PURPOSE: We tried to evaluate the reliablility of refractive measurement by hand-held autorefractor (HHAR). METHODS: Ninety patients (180 eyes) with simple refractive error were divided into three groups (30 patients each) according to their ages. Group I is under 6 years old; group II, from 7 to 15 years old; and group 3, over 16 years old. Under cycloplegics, three measuring methods of refraction using table top autorefractor (Model 599, Zeiss Humphrey, USA), hand-held autorefractor (Retinomax K-plus, Nikon, Japan) and skiascope (Heine beta 200, Germany) were performed and we compared each spherical and cylindrical value in 3 groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in both spherical and cylindrical value between HH-AR and skiascope in all groups (PI, sph=0.579, PI, cyl=0.708, PII, sph=0.801, PII , cyl=0.730, PIII , sph=0.816, PIII, cyl=0.754) . But there was significant difference in both spherical and cylindrical value between table top autorefractor and skiascope in group I (PI,sph=0.019, PI,cyl=0.030, PII,sph=0.405, PII,cyl=0.392, PIII,sph=0.876, PIII,cyl=0.747). CONCLUSIONS: We believe that hand-held autorefractor can be a useful instrument to measure refractive power without serious error, especially in patients who have difficulty with table top autorefractor.
Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Mydriatics ; Refractive Errors

The hypotony with cyclodialysis after blunt trauma to the eye rarely happens and the cyclodialysis is diagnosed by finding the cleft in the anterior chamber anglel It is treated with cycloplegics conservatively or with surgery. In this study, the authors reviewed the hyphema, the onset of hypotony, the size of cyclodialysis cleft and transient scleral buckling that is one of the surgery in 7 eyes of 7 patients . The hyphema was seen in all cases after blunt trauma to the eyes and the duration between the trauma and the onset of hypotony was average 7.2 days. The traumatic cyclodialyses clefts were half an clock hour in 3 patients and 1 to 4 clock hours in 4 patients . Six patients had an initial conservative treatment, 3 patients required surgical treatment, scleral buckling, for 3 weeks for the full recovery of intraocular pressure.
Anterior Chamber ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mydriatics ; Scleral Buckling

We compared the differences of the intraocular pressure measured by the applanation and the Schiotz tonometer according to the ocular rigidity and its changes. We also did it by sex difference, age and the ocular rigidity range. The Korean 254 normal eyes, 12 aphakic eyes, 32 mydriatics treated eyes and 102 myopic eyes were examined. The intraocular perssure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer and Schiotz indentation tonometer using the 5.5 gram and 10.0 gram plunger load successively. The ocular rigidity was estimated from the Moses and Becker table. The results were as follows: 1. The mean ocular rigidity of the male and the female Korean was 0.0157 and 0.0195, respectively. There was no significant differences between the two tonometric values. 2. There was no significant ocular rigidity changes according to ages, and there was no statistically significant differences between the two tonometric values, 3. There was no statistically significant differences between the two tonometric values according to the ocular rigidity range. 4. The mean ocular rigidity of normal eyes, aphakic eyes. mydriatics treated eyes and myopic eyes was 0.0183 0.0166, 0.0164 and 0.0170, respectively, and there was no significant differences between the two tonometric values in each groups.
Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Manometry* ; Mydriatics ; Sex Characteristics

Usual managements of flat anterior chamber following filtering surgery are deepening of anterior chamber using cycloplegics and mydriatics, and pressure patch technique compressing the fistula. But the pressure patch technique may worsen chamber depth problem because exact compression on the filtering area is difficult by pressure patching. Prolonged pressure patching may also cause deterioration of filtering function. The tampon with glaucoma shell provides enough resistance to excessive outflow, allows the anterior chamber to reform promptly, and can prevent choroidal separation. We treated the flat anterior chamber following trabeculectomy using glaucoma shell in 7 eyes. The anterior chamber in each eye was restored promptly within 2-4 days after the placement of glaucoma shell. Glaucoma shell is easy to handle, gives minimal discomfort to patient, and may need less time to restore flat anterior chamber than pressure patching.
Anterior Chamber* ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery ; Fistula ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Mydriatics ; Trabeculectomy*

Cyclodialysis with hypotony is defined as a rare disorder that meridional ciliary muscle is disinserted from its attachment at the scleral spur due to trauma or intraocula surgery such as extracapsular cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation, iridectomy, and etc. Its managements include conservative therapy with cycloplegics, and surgical treatment such as argon laser photocoagulation, cyclopexy, and diathermy. The authors diagnosed cyclodialysis cleft by observing clinical features and finding of the cleft in the anterior chamber angle with gonioscopy. The cyclodialysis cleft with hypotony has been treated with argon laser photocoagulation into the cleft area.
Anterior Chamber ; Argon* ; Cataract Extraction ; Diathermy ; Gonioscopy ; Iridectomy ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Light Coagulation* ; Mydriatics

PURPOSE: To report a case of acute angle closure after cataract surgery using an accommodative intraocular lens (IOL), WIOL-CF® (GELMED, Praha, Czech). CASE SUMMARY: A 46-year-old male patient underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of WIOL-CF® into the capsular bag. Seven months after the surgery, a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with angle closure was observed. Ultrabiomicroscopy revealed a dislocated WIOL-CF® that was pushing the peripheral iris anteriorly. Despite the use of IOP-lowering medication and peripheral laser iridotomy, IOP was not controlled. After the use of cycloplegics, the angle was widened and IOP decreased; however, after nine days, the WIOL-CF® was completely dislocated into the anterior chamber and so was removed. CONCLUSIONS: When performing cataract surgery using WIOL-CF®, a possibility of dislocation of IOL and subsequent angle closure should be considered.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Dislocations* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mydriatics ; Phacoemulsification

We have discussed regarding the general consideration on Uveitis. Although there are numberous research dissertation of many scholars on this Uveitis, their assertion on the known etiology are somewhat different with each other and most of their assertion are of unknown origin. Furthermore, the definition of the known origin are changing according to the epoch. For example, it has been defined due to Tb during 1900, Allergic during 1930, Brucellosis and Sarcoidosis during 1940 Toxoplasmesis during 1950 and Histoplasma during 1960. In this Uveitis there are many cases which lost sight already before the first medical examination and lost the sight during and/or after the treatment. Therefore, this Uveitis is disease which could not be neglected in ophthalmology. Recently, it seems remarkable that Toxoplasmosis and Behcet syndrome are growing in this country. Although they are using Steroid, mydriatics and antibiotics etc at the treatment, there are many rooms for reserch and development in this treatment. This Uveitis is disease of unknown origin and increasing/falling according to the mode of life, geographical location and cultural transition.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Behcet Syndrome ; Brucellosis ; Histoplasma ; Mydriatics ; Ophthalmology ; Sarcoidosis ; Toxoplasmosis ; Uveitis*

As the number of diabetic patient increases, it is important to manage diabetic retinopathy. Clinically sufficient pupillary dilatation should be obtained for fundoscopic examination and laser photocoagulation theraphy of diabetic patient but we experienced insufficient and delayed pupillary dilatation after instillation of mydriatics. In order to examine abnormality of pupillary dilatation and its relationship to the stage of diabetic retiniopathy, the course of pupillary diameter was measured with Haab's pupillometer after instillation of one drop of 1% Mydriacyl(R) and 2.5% Mydfrin(R) in 72 patients with diabetes mellitus (40-69 years old) and 11 normal controls (40-69 years old). The following results were obtained. After instillation of 1% Mydracy(R), the maximum pupillary diameter was smaller in diabetic retinopathy group than in controls. As the severity of diabetic retinopathy was increased, maximum pupillary diameter was decreased. After instillation of 2.5% Mydfrin(R), the delay of the average time to reach maximal mydriasis in diabetic group was larger than that in controls. This delay was proportional to the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore it was considered that the abservation of the course of pupillary diameter after instillation of mydriatics would be useful for diagnosis of the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Mydriasis ; Mydriatics*

Puillary capture in an unusual complication of posterior chamber intraocuIar lens (PCL) implantation and may occur in the early or late postoperative period. An analysis of clinical records was made in 27 pupillary capture cases receiving PCL from Jan 1, 1986 to Mar. 31, 1990. Twenty-two cases (81.5%) were male, and five cases (18.5%) were female. Among the captured PCL, 6.0mm optic and 13.5mm length PCLs were most commonly implanted. All PCLs used in the study had lO degrees angulation of the IOL loops and asymmetric fixation of loop was noted in 5.9% of all pupillary catpure cases. The interval between cataract operation and pupillary capture was variable but most cases (81.5%) of pupillary capture were developed within one year after operation. The subjective symptoms and signs of pupillary capture were decreased vision, glare, double vision, conjunctival injection, tearing and discomfortness while 12 cases (44.4%) had no subjectIve symptoms The reposition of pupillary capture was successfully done by using mydriatics and miotics in 15 of 27 cases (55.6%) and surgical correction was needed in only 2 cases. The recurrence was developed in 53.3% of cases that were corrected with mydriatics Complictions of pupillary capture were iridocapsular or iridolenticular adhesion, atrophy and depigmentation of iris, transient iritis, and pupillary distortion.
Atrophy ; Cataract ; Diplopia ; Female ; Glare ; Humans ; Iris ; Iritis ; Male ; Miotics ; Mydriatics ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence