Managing chronic cough is diagnostically challenging especially in primary care. This case report highlights the difficulties experienced in approaching a case of chronic cough from a primary care perspective. The discussion also involves the clinical significance and treatment dilemma of M. fortuitum chelonae complex that was isolated from the sputum cultures of an elderly woman who presented with chronic cough for more than a year.
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Mycobacterium fortuitum ; Primary Health Care

Few recent reports have indicated that Mycobacterium massiliense causes various infections including respiratory infection. However, there is scarce information on the clinical significance, natural history of the infection, and therapeutic strategy. This report describes a case of an immunocompetent old man infected by M. massiliense that causes acute respiratory failure. In light of the general courses of non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections, rapid progression and fatality are very rare and odd. In addition, we discuss the biological and pathological properties of M. massiliense with the review of cases reported previously including our fatal one.
Light ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Natural History ; Respiratory Insufficiency

HIV ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a nontuberculosis mycobacterium that is normally associated with cutaneous lesions. Most cases occur after an individual has suffered minor trauma in association with contaminated fresh or salt water. In immunocompromised patients, M. marinum can cause osteomyelitis, synovitis and/or disseminated infection, which can be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE). Therefore, precise history taking and specimen culture are very important for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We report an unusual case of septic polyarthritis due to M. marinum that was diagnosed by culture and improved with antibiotic therapy.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Early Diagnosis ; Edema ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Mycobacterium marinum ; Osteomyelitis ; Synovitis

Mycobacterium massiliense (M. massiliense) was identified recently as a species that separated from M. abscessus. Unlike M. abscessus, M. massiliense responds well to clarithromycin-based antibiotic treatment. Many cases of M. massiliense infections related to iatrogenic procedures have been reported. We report a case of skin and soft tissue infection by M. massiliense, which was not caused by medical appliances, that was treated successfully using clarithromycin monotherapy for -6 months after initial treatment with empirical antibiotics for 4 weeks.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clarithromycin ; Mycobacterium Infections ; Mycobacterium* ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Skin* ; Soft Tissue Infections*

China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology* ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/classification* ; Transients and Migrants

Mycobacterium marinum is an atypical mycobacterium (ATM) and is an uncommon cause of skin and soft tissue infections associated with contact with contaminated water. Diagnosis is often delayed when only a conventional identification method is used. PCR amplification and direct sequencing is recently available method for rapid identification of ATM. We report a case of M. marinum infection identified by PCR and sequencing. A 56-year-old female was referred for multiple erythematous nodules on both forearms which appeared two months ago. Skin biopsy showed suppurative granulomatous inflammation, and AFB culture showed nontuberculous Mycobacteria. PCR and sequencing were performed, and the obtained sequences were compared to the database using BLAST. The sequences of 16S rRNA and rpoB could not differentiate between M. marinum and M. ulcerans, showing 100% homology to both. Identification was possible using the sequences of the tuf and hsp65 genes, showing both 100% homology to M. marinum, while 99.8%, 99.7% to M. ulcerans. The patient was treated with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol for 6 months.
Biopsy ; Clarithromycin ; Ethambutol ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Mycobacterium marinum ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rifampin ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections

Mycobacterium malmoense is a very rare cause of lung disease in South Korea. We reported the first case of lung disease caused by M. malmoense in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was successfully treated with a 14-month course of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Diseases* ; Mycobacterium Infections ; Mycobacterium* ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In patients with AIDS, MAC infection more frequently presents as disseminated form rather than localized infection. Disseminated MAC infection is associated with a high mortality rate in patient with AIDS. We report a case of disseminated MAC infection in an AIDS patient involving bone marrow, mediastinal lymph node and lung.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium avium ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Opportunistic Infections

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In patients with AIDS, MAC infection more frequently presents as disseminated form rather than localized infection. Disseminated MAC infection is associated with a high mortality rate in patient with AIDS. We report a case of disseminated MAC infection in an AIDS patient involving bone marrow, mediastinal lymph node and lung.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium avium ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Opportunistic Infections