Introduction: In 2020, the prevalence of respiratory system diseases in the population of Gobi-Altai province is 1339.5 cases per 10,000 population, which is 4% (52) more than the average of the provinces and 20% (223.8) more than the national average. In 2021, the number of deaths due to respiratory system diseases was 2.9 per 10,000 population, increasing by 1.1 from 2020 (1.8). Pneumonia-related deaths account for 60.7% of all respiratory system-related deaths. As of 2022, there are 7,281 simple stoves, 248 low-pressure and steam boilers, and 18,207 automobiles in the Gobi-Altai province as sources of air pollution. 63.1% of the total coal is consumed by water heating boilers with a capacity of more than 101 kW, 20.5% by households, and 16.4% by small and medium enterprises. Goal: Determining the relationship between the incidence of pneumonia in the population of Gobi-Altai province and the common air pollutants. Material and Method: According to the rotation research model, the common external air pollutants SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀, climate parameters, temperature, pressure, humidity, and population pneumonia measurements and registration data of Altai Sum, Gobi-Altai Province in 2020-2021 were analyzed using SPSS-24 software. statistical processing was calculated for non-parametric parameters. Result: The annual average value of sulfur dioxide (SO₂ ) measured in 20 minutes in Gobi-Altai province is 25.2 ± 13.7 μg/m³, the annual average value of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) measured in 20 minutes is 36.329±29 μg/m³, and the annual average concentration of PM₁₀ particles is 35.2 ± 28,264 μg/m³, which is the standard level of MNS4585:2016. But the 20-minute average concentration of SO₂ (r=0.81, p=0.005), the average concentration of NO₂ (r=0.089, p=0.008), and the average concentration of PM₁₀ (r=0.089, p=0.002) is directly related to the incidence of pneumonia. It is also inversely correlated with air temperature (r=-142, p=0,000). Conclusion Common outdoor air pollutants in Yesunbulag sum, Gobi-Altai Province are related to pneumonia in children aged 0-5 years.