Objective:To investigate the cognition and knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among primary school students in Guangzhou and to explore the intervention effect of CPR training.Methods:A total of 238 students from a primary school in Guangzhou were selected as the research subjects from April 22 to 26, 2019. In March 2019 (before the training) , a self-made questionnaire was used to conduct a knowledge survey on CPR, and the training methods and contents of CPR were formulated according to the survey results. Knowledge survey was carried out again on the day after every training, and the training effect was evaluated.Results:Before the training, the correct answer rates of 221 elementary school students to the questions about compression only without artificial respiration, emergency call, external chest compression position, compression speed and compression depth were 6.3%, 95.0%, 89.6%, 24.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. After the training, the correct answer rates of 233 primary school students were 59.2%, 99.6%, 99.6%, 63.5% and 70.0%, respectively. The correct rates after training were higher than those before training, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Before and after the training, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of students who thought it necessary to learn CPR and were willing to perform CPR on strangers ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:The knowledge and skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of primary school students in Guangzhou without cardiopulmonary resuscitation training are low. It is recommended that schools and education departments at all levels pay attention to the promotion and training of first aid skills, formulate training programs suitable for the physical and mental characteristics of primary school students and improve students' self-help and mutual rescue capabilities.