No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Cyclic GMP* ; Muscle Cells*

There are different patterns of muscular response according to the type of megaureter. These patterns can be used in determining the cause of the wide ureters. We studied 20 dilated ureters quantitatively and quantitatively by standard pathologic techniques using the average size and population of muscle cells in the dilated ureter as the quantitative index of workload or obstruction. In the obstructed type. the smooth muscle in the wall of the proximal dilated ureter was hypertrophic and hyperplastic. In contrast. in the refluxing type. there was neither hypertrophy nor hyperplasic of muscle in the wall of the proximal dilated ureter. By this morphometric study of muscle cells, it can be possible to identify the megaureters which are caused by obstruction not only in the excised specimen but also by a frozen section biopsy specimen.
Biopsy ; Frozen Sections ; Hypertrophy ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Ureter

To identify the presence of inwardly rectifying K+ channels and its characteristics, membrane currents were measured using a whole-cell patch clamp from isolated gastric myocytes of guinea-pig. Change of external K+ concentration from 5 to 90 mM induced an inward current at a holding potential of 80 mV. The high K+-induced inward current was blocked by Ba2+ and Cs+, but not by glibenclamide. With 90 mM K+ in bath, the Ba2+- and Cs+-sensitive currents showed strong inward rectification. Ten mM TEA weakly blocked the inward current only at potentials more negative than 50 mV. With 90 mM K+ in bath, hyperpolarizing step pulses from 10 mV induced inward currents, which were inactivated at potentials more negative than 70 mV. Reduction of external K+ to 60 mM decreased the amplitudes of the currents and shifted the reversal potential to more negative potential. The inactivation of inward K+ current at negative clamp voltage was not affected by removing external Na . These results suggest that the inwardly rectifying K+ channels may exist in gastric smooth muscle.
Baths ; Glyburide ; Membranes ; Muscle Cells* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Tea

Muscle stem cells, which are known as satellite cells have heterogeneous components of committed myogenic progenitors, non-committed satellite cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. This distinguishing organization of self-renewal and differentiation capacities encourages the remarkable regenerative ability of skeletal muscles. Lately it has been proved that the satellite cell is the derivation of muscle regeneration and with the self-renew function, it roles as a true muscle stem cell. Therefore, stem cell therapy using satellite cells is considered to be ideal therapy for muscular dystrophies, which is deficient in specific muscle protein and causes muscle degeneration. Especially, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by mutations at the dystrophin gene, has been targeted by much research. In this article the satellite cell characteristics, regulation of cell function, and stem cell therapy for DMD and the present progressive clinical trials will be reviewed.
Dystrophin ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Muscle Proteins ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne* ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle ; Stem Cells*

Diffuse-type giant cell tumor is relatively rare than localized giant cell tumor. Moreover, diffuse type giant cell tumor is common in intraarticular area, rarely occurs at intramuscular or subcutaneous layer. We experienced 1 case of giant cell tumor within the deltoid muscle. So we report this case with review of the literatures.
Deltoid Muscle* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Epididymis* ; Male ; Mice* ; Muscle Cells*

Centrinuclear myopathy, an uncommon condition, is one of the congenital myopathies. It is characterized by the presence of central nuclei of muscle cells which can be detected on electronmicroscopy. It is believed to arise as a result of maturational arrest with persistence of microtubes postnatally. We report a boy with generalized hypotonia and muscle weakness who was diagnosed as centrinuclear myopathy by muscle biopsy.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital*

Smooth muscle hamartoma (SMH) is a benign proliferation of smooth muscle bundles within the dermis. It arises from either the arrector pili muscles, dartos muscles, smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and lymphatics, muscularis mamillae and areola, or cutaneous adnexa. Acquired smooth muscle hamartoma is very rare, and only 12 cases have been published to date. All reported cases are originated from arrector pili or dartos muscles. Herein, we describe a case of acquired smooth muscle hamartoma which originated from the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels of the right sole. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case which has originated from the smooth muscle cells in blood vessels.
Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Hamartoma* ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Muscles ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Although the Ca2+-activated K+ (IK,Ca) channel is known to play an important role in the maintenance of resting membrane potential, the regulation of the channel in physiological condition is not completely understood in vascular myocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic Mg2+ on the regulation of IK,Ca channel in pulmonary arterial myocytes of the rabbit using the inside-out patch clamp technique. Mg2+ increased open probability (Po), but decreased the magnitude of single channel current. Mg2+-induced block of unitary current showed strong voltage dependence but increase of Po by Mg2+ was not dependent on the membrane potential. The apparent effect of Mg2+ might, thus, depend on the proportion between opposite effects on the Po and on the conductance of IK,Ca channel. In low concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+, Mg2+ increased IK,Ca by mainly enhancement of Po. However, at very high concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+, such as pCa 5.5, Mg2+ decreased IK,Ca. through the inhibition of unitary current. Moreover, Mg2+ could activate the channel even in the absence of Ca2+. Mg2+ might, therefore, partly contribute to the opening of IK,Ca channel in resting membrane potential. This phenomenon might explain why IK,Ca contributes to the resting membrane potential where membrane potential and concentration of free Ca2+ are very low.
Cytoplasm ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis

Background: Adipose tissue provides an abundant source of multipotent cells, which represent a source of cell-based regeneration strategies for urinary bladder smooth muscle repair. Our objective was to confirm that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into smooth muscle cells. Methods: In this study, adipose tissue samples were digested with 0.075% collagenase, and the resulting ADSCs were cultured and expanded in vitro. ADSCs at passage two were differentiated by incubation in smooth muscle inductive media (SMIM) consisting of MCDB I31 medium, 1% FBS, and 100 U/mL heparin for three and six weeks. ADSCs in non-inductive media were used as controls. Characterisation was performed by cell morphology and gene and protein expression. Result: The differentiated cells became elongated and spindle shaped, and towards the end of six weeks, sporadic cell aggregation appeared that is typical of smooth muscle cell culture. Smooth muscle markers (i.e. alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA), calponin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC)) were used to study gene expression. Expression of these genes was detected by PCR after three and six weeks of differentiation. At the protein expression level, ASMA, MHC, and smoothelin were expressed after six weeks of differentiation. However, only ASMA and smoothelin were expressed after three weeks of differentiation. Conclusion: Adipose tissue provides a possible source of smooth muscle precursor cells that possess the potential capability of smooth muscle differentiation. This represents a promising alternative for urinary bladder smooth muscle repair.
Adipose Tissue ; Stem Cells ; Muscle Cells ; Regeneration ; Urinary Bladder