1.Ultrastructure changes of electrical injury in rats.
Zhi Qiang QIN ; Yu Chang GONG ; Xiao Hua HUANG
Journal of Forensic Medicine 2001;17(3):142-144
OBJECTIVE:
To observe ultrastructure changes of electrical injury in rats.
METHODS:
An experimental model of rats suffered from the low voltage were designed. Ultrastructure changes of electrical injured tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope.
RESULTS:
(1) Plasma of epithelium was concreted in the affected areas and inner membrane system was broken. (2) Hypercontraction bands were observed in skeleton muscles. (3) There was dissolved necrosis and hypercontraction bands in the myocardium. (4) Vacuoles were found in plasma of endothelium of blood vessels on electrical current path, and myelin sheath of nerve fiber were loosed.
CONCLUSION
The above mentioned ultrastructure changes could be used as assistant diagnostic index of electrocution. The mechanism of the changes were discussed.
Animals
;
Electric Injuries/pathology*
;
Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure*
;
Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure*
;
Rats
;
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
2.A case of myasthenia gravis proven by ultrastructural study.
Seung Mo HONG ; Shin Kwang KHANG ; Kwang Kuk KIM ; Yeonghee BAE ; Sung Hye PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2000;15(2):251-254
Although light microscopic features of muscle are not pathognomonic in most cases of myasthenia gravis (MG), careful examination of neuromuscular junction by electron microscopy (EM) can reveal important clues for this disease. We report here a case of MG confirmed by EM study to emphasize that tissue diagnosis is still the best adjuvant to confirm the diagnosis. An 18-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of progressive muscle weakness for 3 years. She had difficulty in running, going upstairs and doing routine activities. Symptoms were aggravated with continuous work and resolved after rest. She had weakness of bilateral masseter and facial muscles and proximal portions of extremities without definite diurnal variation. Electromyography showed myopathic changes in proximal muscles of extremities. MG was considered but tensilon test was equivocal. Repetitive nerve stimulation tests revealed 20-30 percent decrease in responses to low and high rate stimulation. Muscle biopsy revealed selective type 2 atrophy. Ultrastructurally, abnormalities of neuromuscular junctions, i.e., wide primary synaptic cleft, and wide and shallow secondary synaptic clefts with mild myopathic features were present. These findings were pathognomonic for MG. Later, her symptoms were improved completely 3 months after thymectomy. The histologic finding of thymus was follicular hyperplasia.
Adolescence
;
Biopsy
;
Case Report
;
Female
;
Human
;
Microscopy, Electron
;
Mitochondria/ultrastructure
;
Mitochondria/pathology
;
Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
;
Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
;
Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
;
Myasthenia Gravis/pathology*
;
Myofibrils/ultrastructure
;
Myofibrils/pathology
;
Myosin ATPase/analysis
;
Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure*
;
Neuromuscular Junction/pathology*
3.A case of myasthenia gravis proven by ultrastructural study.
Seung Mo HONG ; Shin Kwang KHANG ; Kwang Kuk KIM ; Yeonghee BAE ; Sung Hye PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2000;15(2):251-254
Although light microscopic features of muscle are not pathognomonic in most cases of myasthenia gravis (MG), careful examination of neuromuscular junction by electron microscopy (EM) can reveal important clues for this disease. We report here a case of MG confirmed by EM study to emphasize that tissue diagnosis is still the best adjuvant to confirm the diagnosis. An 18-year-old female visited our hospital complaining of progressive muscle weakness for 3 years. She had difficulty in running, going upstairs and doing routine activities. Symptoms were aggravated with continuous work and resolved after rest. She had weakness of bilateral masseter and facial muscles and proximal portions of extremities without definite diurnal variation. Electromyography showed myopathic changes in proximal muscles of extremities. MG was considered but tensilon test was equivocal. Repetitive nerve stimulation tests revealed 20-30 percent decrease in responses to low and high rate stimulation. Muscle biopsy revealed selective type 2 atrophy. Ultrastructurally, abnormalities of neuromuscular junctions, i.e., wide primary synaptic cleft, and wide and shallow secondary synaptic clefts with mild myopathic features were present. These findings were pathognomonic for MG. Later, her symptoms were improved completely 3 months after thymectomy. The histologic finding of thymus was follicular hyperplasia.
Adolescence
;
Biopsy
;
Case Report
;
Female
;
Human
;
Microscopy, Electron
;
Mitochondria/ultrastructure
;
Mitochondria/pathology
;
Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
;
Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
;
Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
;
Myasthenia Gravis/pathology*
;
Myofibrils/ultrastructure
;
Myofibrils/pathology
;
Myosin ATPase/analysis
;
Neuromuscular Junction/ultrastructure*
;
Neuromuscular Junction/pathology*
4.Application df/dt(max) index for determinations of skeletal contractility.
Jin GUO ; Zhen-Jun TIAN ; Liang TANG ; Jian LIU
Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology 2003;19(4):413-415
AIMTo analyze the most force rising ratio (+ dF/dt(max)) and the most force descending ratio (- dF/dt(max)) for more sensitive index of skeletal contractility.
METHODSMouse model of swimming training was used, most force (f(max)), + dF/dt(max) and - dF/ dt(max) of gastrocnemius contracting were measured and changes of gastrocnemius supermicro-structure was observed.
RESULTSMitochondria increased and myoneme was regular in general training load, gastrocnemius F(max) - dF/dt(max) significantly increased than in control (P < 0.05), + dF/dt(max) increased more significantly (P < 0.01). Mitochondria was rare and myoneme was unusual in overtraining load, gastrocnemius F(max), - dF/dt(max) reduced significantly than in control (P < 0.05), + dF/dt(max) reduced more significantly (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION+ dF/dt(max) is better index than F(max) in judging skeletal contractility.
Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Muscle Contraction ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Swimming ; physiology
5.Effects of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on ultrastructure of gastrocnemius in rats.
Ming GAO ; Hua-Yuan YANG ; Tang-Yi LIU ; Xun-Jie GU ; Yin-E HU ; Gang XU ; Wen-Chao TANG
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2014;34(3):261-265
OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy differences in early intervention of different acupuncture and moxibustion methods on gastrocnemius fatigue in rats induced by electrical stimulation.
METHODSFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a hand acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 10 rats in each group. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve was given in the control group and gastrocnemius fatigue test was induced by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in the model group after anesthesia without other treatment, but just take 6 times interval stimulation in the control group. The hand acupuncture group, the electroacupuncture group and the moxibustion group were treated with the corresponding acupoints stimulation method respectively for 20 min before gastrocnemius fatigue test, and Dazhui (GV 14) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected. Immediately after gastrocnemius fatigue test, three or four gastrocnemius tissues at the same site on the right side were quickly taken for making specimen for transmission electron microscope (TEM). The changes of skeletal muscle ultrastructure of myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, glycogen particles were observed under TEM.
RESULTS(1) Muscle fibers disorder, partial mitochondrial vacuolization and glycogen particles smaller were shown in the model group. (2) No abnormalities were shown in the hand acupuncture group and the moxibustion group with mitochondrial morphology and number, which better than that in the model group, and glycogen particles increased. (3) Abnormal changes in morphology were shown in the electroacupuncture group with part of the muscle fibers derangement, Z line malalignment and a few mitochondria vacuolization.
CONCLUSIONHand acupuncture, electroacupuncture and moxibustion have the different effects on ultrastructure of gastrocoemius in rats. Acupuncture and moxibustion have shown good effects on the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced skeletal muscle cell and organelle damage and delaying exercise-induced fatigue.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Moxibustion ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
6.Pathologic changes of the genioglossus in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome dominated by lingual region obstruction.
Yaqi LIU ; Sai WANG ; Huaian YANG
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2014;28(24):1951-1955
OBJECTIVE:
To study the pathological changes of genioglossus with transmission electron microscope (TEM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) dominated by lingual region obstruction, and to explore the role of tongue organizations in the pathogenesis and its clinical significance.
METHOD:
Thirty-eight cases of genioglossus were collected from the patients received UPPP and partial glossectomy (30
Adult
;
Glossectomy
;
Humans
;
Mitochondria
;
Muscle, Skeletal
;
pathology
;
ultrastructure
;
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
;
complications
;
Tongue
;
pathology
7.Changes of perimysial junctional plates induced by excessive eccentric training and the effects of acupuncture intervention.
Mei KONG ; Xiang ZHANG ; Mei-Ling YE ; Xue-Lin ZHANG
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2017;69(1):17-32
This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture intervention on excessive eccentric training-induced changes of perimysial junctional plates (PJPs) domain. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control group, four-week training group, four-week training + 1-week recovery group and four-week training + 1-week acupuncture group. Rats were subjected to continuous excessive eccentric training for 4 weeks (incline -16°, speed 16-20 m/min, 60-90 min/d, 5 day per week), and then were subjected to one-week spontaneous recovery or one-week recovery with acupuncture intervention (a piece of filiform needle for 4 min every day). The PJPs domain changes were observed under transmission electron microscopy, and the perimysial collagen network structural changes were examined by scanning electron microscopy with or without a digestion technique (NaOH). The following results were obtained: (1) Compared with control group, PJPs domain of four-week training group showed excessive shortening of sarcomere (P < 0.001), serious damage of sarcomere structure, and altered mitochondria morphology in intermyofibria and subsarcolemma; 54% degradation of sarcolemma, and increased number of caveolae (P < 0.01); reduced number of PJPs (P < 0.001). (2) In comparison with four-week training group, PJPs domain was slightly changed in four-week training + 1-week recovery group, i.e., partial recovery of sarcomere length and structure (accounting for 85.23% of control group), and recovery of intermyofibrial and subsarcolemmal mitochondria morphology; decreased sarcolemmal degradation (P < 0.001), and increased number of caveolae (P < 0.05); increased PJPs number (P < 0.001). (3) PJPs domain changed in four-week training + 1-week acupuncture group compared with four-week training + 1-week recovery group, which were substantial recovery of sarcomere length (accounting for 94.51% of control group), increased subsarcolemmal mitochondrial fusion (P < 0.001), decreased caveolae number (P < 0.001), and decreased PJPs number (P < 0.001). The results indicated that excessive eccentric training resulted in excessively reduced number of PJPs with altered PJPs domain homeostasis, thus impeding the adaptability to eccentric training. After 1 week of natural recovery, the number of PJPs was excessively increased, hindering muscle damage repair. Acupuncture intervention helped to recover PJPs number and PJPs domain homeostasis, thus significantly relieving overuse injuries.
Acupuncture Therapy
;
Animals
;
Male
;
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
;
Mitochondria
;
ultrastructure
;
Muscle, Skeletal
;
ultrastructure
;
Physical Conditioning, Animal
;
Random Allocation
;
Rats
;
Rats, Wistar
;
Sarcomeres
;
ultrastructure
8.Histopathological changes in EV71-infected mouse model:a transmission electron microscopic study.
Pin YU ; Linlin BAO ; Lili XU ; Fengdi LI ; Qi LYU ; Yanfeng YAO ; Chuan QIN ;
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2014;43(2):109-113
OBJECTIVETo document ultrastructural changes of brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, jejunum and lung of EV71 infection mouse model, and to explore the myotropism and pathogenesis of EV71 in nervous system.
METHODSTen-day-old suckling mice were infected with EV71 strain via the intraperitoneal route. Mice with paralysis were scarified on day 4 post infection and the brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, jejunum and lung were sampled for transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy.
RESULTSLesions in brain were generally mild with inner chamber swelling in some of mitochondria. Myelin sheaths of medullated fibers were split with vacuolated changes. The Nissl bodies in anterior motor neurons disappeared along with mitochondria swelling, rough endoplasmic reticulum swelling and degranulation. Cytoplasm of anterior motor neurons showed cribriform appearance accompanied by neuronophagia. The bands of skeletal muscle in the infected group disappeared with degeneration and karyopyknosis in myocytes, in addition to mitochondrial swelling. Microvilli of epithelium in jejunum became loosely arranged along with formation of spiral medullary sheath structure and mitochondria swelling. Interstitial pneumonia was observed in lungs with type II pneumocyte proliferation and evacuation of the multilamellar bodies.
CONCLUSIONSEV71 infection causes severe myositis in the mouse model suggesting a strong myotropism of EV71 virus. The presence of lesions of various degrees in central nervous system and changes in anterior motor neurons may be associated with limb paralysis.
Animals ; Brain ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Jejunum ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Lung ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Muscle, Skeletal ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Spinal Cord ; ultrastructure ; virology
9.Study of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injured limbs in rats.
Lijun ZHU ; Yaotian HUANG ; Guoxian PEI
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2002;5(1):16-20
OBJECTIVETo observe the change of nitric oxide (NO) levels in the blood and the morphological change of the muscles in the limbs of rats during the (IR) injury and after being intervened by L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-nitroarginine (L-NNA).
METHODSSixty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used an d grouped into the normal controls, the sham injury controls, the IR injury group and the intervention groups (L-Arg group and L-NNA group). After 6 hours of ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 3, 12 or 24 hours, the samples in the IR injury group were obtained. The rats in the intervention groups were given L-Ar g (100 mmol/L) and L-NNA (10 mmol/L), respectively, through the abdominal cavity. Then the anterior tibial muscle in the right limb was obtained for histological examination, the anterior tibial muscle in the left limb for ultrastructure observation and the blood for assay of NO in all the rats. NO was assayed by indirect measurement of NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) with Griess method.
RESULTSThere was no significant difference of NO between the normal controls and the sham injury controls (P>0.05). But NO significantly decreased in the IR injury group (P<0.01), and further decreased with reperfusion (P<0.01) and reached the lowest point at 12 hours after reperfusion. The level of NO in the L-Arg group was significantly higher than that in the IR injury group ( P<0.01), but was not significantly different from that in the controls (P>0.05). In the L-NNA group, NO decreased to the undetectable level (P<0.01). Histological examination and ultrastructure observation showed the muscles were normal in the control groups. After 6 hours of ischemia, the skeletal muscles displayed injuries, and they were most severely injure d after 12 hours of reperfusion. In the L-Arg group, the skeletal muscles were less injured, while in the L-NNA group, the injury was similar to that in the I R injury group.
CONCLUSIONSWhen the limbs of the rats sustain IR, NO in the blood decreases. Meanwhile, the muscles in the limbs are injured. When L-Arg is given, NO in the blood is restored and the muscles are protected. When L-NNA completely inhibits NO, no protection of the muscles is shown.
Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Hindlimb ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; ultrastructure ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology
10.Nemaline myopathy: report of a case.
Hong-ran WU ; Xing LIU ; Li-yan SUN ; Yi BU ; Yan-su GUO ; Dong-xia WU ; Xue-qin SONG
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2013;42(6):407-408