AIM　To investigate the relationship between sinomenine distribution and its organic toxicology in rats so as to give some pharmacological data for clinical application of sinomenine. METHODS　Three kinds of administration plans were designed in the experiment, ie sinomenine was ip administered at the dosage of l50 mg*kg-1 per day, repreat-dosed for 6 wk and suspended the drug for 1 wk after 6wk repeat-doses．At the end of the each administration plan，the animals were sacrificed and their blood and their main internal organs were collected for the purpose of measurement of sinomenine concentration in each sample by HPLC. Meanwhile，the histopathological and serological examinations were also done in the experiments. RESULTS　The sinomenine concentration in rats internal organs were in order of liver, heart, lung and brain either in single-dosed treated animals or in repeat-dosed treated animals for 6 wk. However，the concentration of sinomenine could not be detected by HPLC after l wk drug-suspension，the histopathological examination showed that sinomenine at the dosage of l50 mg*kg-l per day for 6wk treatment could slightly damage liver ce11s, dominant1y caused the cell edema，but no any influence on the sero1ogy of liver and kidney. Sinomenine ip could also cause a mild hyperaemia of the rats heart tissues but no any histopathological changes had been observed. In testis tissues no sinomenine had beed detected although the animals were treated by repeat treatment for 6 wk and no any histopathological changes had been found yet. However, Sinomenine could partialy inhibit the sperm vitalities and amount of the dead sperms were a1so augmented. It was similar to in vitro eperiments. These influences of sinomenine on testis could be quickly recovered by drug suspension. CONCLUSION　Sinomenine concentration were in order of liver, heart, kidney, lung and brain either in treatment by single dose or by repeat-dose administration. The histopathological changes were only abserved in liver cells of the animals which indicates that it should be in consideration of the liver functions during treatment course of the drug.

AIM To investigate the relationship between sinomenine distribution and its organic toxicology in rats so as to give some pharmacological data for clinical application of sinomenine. METHODS Three kinds of administration plans were designed in the experiment, ie sinomenine was ip administered at the dosage of l50 mg?kg -1 per day, repreat dosed for 6 wk and suspended the drug for 1 wk after 6wk repeat doses.At the end of the each administration plan,the animals were sacrificed and their blood and their main internal organs were collected for the purpose of measurement of sinomenine concentration in each sample by HPLC. Meanwhile,the histopathological and serological examinations were also done in the experiments. RESULTS The sinomenine concentration in rats internal organs were in order of liver, heart, lung and brain either in single dosed treated animals or in repeat dosed treated animals for 6 wk. However,the concentration of sinomenine could not be detected by HPLC after l wk drug suspension,the histopathological examination showed that sinomenine at the dosage of l50 mg?kg -l per day for 6wk treatment could slightly damage liver ce11s, dominant1y caused the cell edema,but no any influence on the sero1ogy of liver and kidney. Sinomenine ip could also cause a mild hyperaemia of the rats heart tissues but no any histopathological changes had been observed. In testis tissues no sinomenine had beed detected although the animals were treated by repeat treatment for 6 wk and no any histopathological changes had been found yet. However, Sinomenine could partialy inhibit the sperm vitalities and amount of the dead sperms were a1so augmented. It was similar to in vitro eperiments. These influences of sinomenine on testis could be quickly recovered by drug suspension. CONCLUSION Sinomenine concentration were in order of liver, heart, kidney, lung and brain either in treatment by single dose or by repeat dose administration. The histopathological changes were only abserved in liver cells of the animals which indicates that it should be in consideration of the liver functions during treatment course of the drug.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of madecassoside (MC) on the depression behavior of mice and the activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in different rat brain regions. METHODS: Imipramine as the positive contrast medicine, effects of MC on the depression behavior of mice were observed by forced swimming test and reserpine antagonist test. Moclobemide and pargyline as the positive controlled medicines, the activities of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) in different rat brain regions were determined after intragastric administration of MC in 3 different dosages for 3 days or 21 days. RESULTS: (1) The low, middle and high dosages of MC (i.g.) significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in forced swimming test (P<0.05). (2) MC in dosages of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg prevented the lowering of temperature induced by reserpine (P<0.05), while 40 mg/kg had no significant effects on it (P>0.05). (3) With acute administration (3 days), the low, middle and high dosagey of MC (i.g.) significantly inhibited the activity of MAO-A in hippocampus (P<0.01), and the high dosage significantly inhibited the activity of MAO-A in hypothalamus (P<0.01), while the 3 dosages had no significant effects on the activity of MAO-A in cortex (P>0.05). With chronic administration (21 days), MC in 3 dosages had no significant effects on the activities of MAO-A in cortex and hypothalamus (P>0.05), and the high dosage (40 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the activity of MAO-A in hippocampus (P<0.01). (4) With acute administration, MC in dosages of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited the activity of MAO-B in cortex (P>0.05), and MC in dosage of 10 mg/kg significantly inhibited the activity of MAO-B in hypothalamus (P<0.05), and MC in dosage of 20 mg/kg significantly enhanced the activity of MAO-B in hippocampus (P<0.01). With chronic administration, MC of 3 dosages produced no significant effects on the activities of MAO-B in 3 different rat brain regions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results support the idea that MC produces antidepressant effects through MAO inhibition in rat brain, which seems stronger with acute administration than chronic administration, while its mechanism remains to be further studied.

Objective To observe the difference between Radix AstragaLi(RA) and Radix Fici Hirtae(RFH) in immune regulation and improvement of anaemia.Methods Fatigue resistance,brain hypoxia and normal hypoxia tolerance were observed to measure the anti-stress function.Bloodletting-induced anemia model and cyclophosphamid-induced anemia model were used to observe the effect of blood enrichment.Phagocytic function of macrophage,serum hemolysin level and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction were also detected.Results RA and RFH could improve the fatigue resistance,normal hypoxia tolerance and brain hypoxia tolerance,and increase the red blood cell count and hemoglobin content,enhance phagocytic function of macrophage and serum hemolysin level,and increase the DTH reaction.Conclusion Both RA and RFH have an effect on improving anti-stress ability,immune function and blood enrichment,and there are no significant difference between RA and RFH.

ObjectiveTo explore the classification, limb salvage strategy and treatmental results following resection of malignant bone tumors around the shoulder girdle. Methods28 patients with malignant bone tumors of the shoulder girdle underwent a limb-sparing resection according to Malawer's surgical classification system of shoulder girdle. Various limb-salvage procedures were performed for all patients. They were evaluated with survival, recrudesce, and metastasis. The function outcome was assesssed with Enneking Function Evaluation System. Results25 patients were followed-up with a mean time of 54 months (ranged 9～96 months)．6 patients recrudesced, 11 patients died．According to Enneking Function Evaluation System, the mean score of the upper extremity was 23 in reimplantation of tumor-bearing bone after alcohol devitalization group, 24 in osteoarticular allograft group, 24 in free periosteum vascularized clavicle group, 26 point in endoprosthesis group, 25 in the total scapulectomies and the head of humerus slinging group, 28.5 in the partial scapulectomies group respectively. ConclusionThe malignant bone tumors around the shoulder girdle can be resected completely. There were a variety of limb-salvage procedures following tumors resection, with which hand function can be preserved in the majority of patients with relieved pain and good function shoulder.

Objective To explore the effect of Yunnan specialty rice products on blood sugar by measuring the glycemic index of 5 Yunnan special rice foods:rice noodles,rice cakes,rice rolls,sour rice noodles and dry rice noodles.Methods Following the national standard method to determine the carbohydrate content of 5 Yunnan specialty rice products,and the target amount of the test substance was calculated.Food Glycemic Index Determination Method was used to determine the glycemic index of 5 Yunnan specialty rice products and observe their impact on blood sugar.Results The GI value of Yunnan specialty food rice noodle is 63,rice cake is 64,rice roll is 46,sour rice noodles is 38,and dry rice noodles is 33.Conclusion Yunnan specialty foods rice noodle and rice cake belong to medium GI foods,and diabetes patients should reduce consumption;rice roll,sour rice noodles,and dry rice noodles belong to low GI foods and can be a better staple food source for diabetes patients.

Objective:To establish a feasible mouse model of post-stroke dysphagia(PSD).Methods:Thirty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated group(Sham)and a model group(PSD),and the PSD mouse model was made by the photothrombosis method(PT)method,and the sham-operated group was only injec-ted with rose bengal staining solution in the tail vein.The cerebral blood flow of the mice was measured by laser scatter imaging,the ratio of cerebral infarct area was detected by TTC staining,the electromyographic area of the in vivo pha-ryngeal muscle group of mice swallowing was recorded by a multi-conductor physiological recorder MP160,the drinking function of the mice was measured by the 4-min water drinking experiment,and the weight changes were recorded,respectively,at 1,3,and 7 d.Results:Cerebral blood flow decreased at all time points,with a sharp drop in cerebral blood flow at 1 d,gradual recovery of cerebral blood flowat 3 and 7 d,establishment of collateral circulation,and gradu-al reduction of cerebral infarction area;compared with the Sham group,the myoelectric area of the PSD group was reduced at 1 and 3 d(P＜0.05),but with a trend of gradual recovery,and there was no significant difference between the PSD group and the Sham group at 7 d,and water consumption and weight decreased at 4 min at 1,3,and 7 d(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The mice showed some degree of dysphagia symptoms and are expected to be a translational model for PSD.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical diagnostic value of rapid arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging in brain glioma.Methods:Patients with glioma admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively enrolled. All patients received MR rapid ASL (scan time: 1 min) and conventional ASL (scan time: 4 min 30 s), where the cerebral blood flow (CBF) perfusion maps were obtained. The qualitative analysis of CBF signal intensity and quantitative analysis of average CBF values from both tumor solid and edema regions were conducted by two radiologists independently. Kappa test and intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC) were used to analyze the consistency of qualitative and quantitative results, respectively. Results:A total of 30 patients with brain glioma were included. The 2 physicians used rapid ASL to determine low perfusion, isoperfusion, and hyperperfusion in the tumor area in 1, 6, 23 cases and 0, 5, and 25 cases, respectively; and used conventional ASL to determine low perfusion, isoperfusion, and hyperperfusion in the tumor area in 0, 9, and 21 cases, respectively. The results of qualitative analysis of rapid ASL and conventional ASL were highly consistent within and between groups ( Kappa was 0.830 and 0.850 respectively). The results of quantitative analysis of rapid ASL and conventional ASL were highly consistent within and between groups ( ICC 0.940—0.994). Conclusion:Rapid ASL with shorter scanning time could be applied in assessing tissue perfusion in brain glioma and contribute to the clinical diagnosis of gliomas.

Objective To observe the value of shear wave elastography(SWE)for evaluating hepatic iron overload in children with β-thalassemia major(β-TM),as well as the correlations of relative parameters with MR T2*value and serum ferritin.Methods Totally 96 children with β-TM and 100 healthy children(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Children with β-TM were divided into hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)group(n=41)or non-HSCT group(n=55)according to underwent HSCT or not.SWE parameters were compared among groups.Spearman correlation was performed to observe the correlations of liver shear wave velocity with MR T2*value and serum ferritin,as well as Young's modulus with MR T2*value and serum ferritin in children with β-TM.Results Liver shear wave velocity(LSWV)and Young's modulus in HSCT group and non-HSCT group were all higher than those in control group(all P＜0.001).No significant difference of LSWV nor Young's modulus was found between HSCT group and non-HSCT group(both P＞0.05).SWE parameters of children with β-TM were moderately and negatively correlated with MR T2*value(r=-0.501,P＜0.05;r=-0.514,P＜0.05),while weakly and positively correlated with serum ferritin(r=0.488,P＜0.05;r=0.470,P＜0.05).Conclusion SWE was helpful for evaluating hepatic iron overload in children with β-TM,with parameters being negatively correlated with MR T2*value and positively correlated with serum ferritin.